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Labor: Flat on its Back?, 2002.
An analysis and discussion of the book "Which Side are you on? Trying to be for Labor When it's Flat on its Back," by Thomas Geoghegan.
2,187 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and reviews the book "Which Side are you on? Trying to be for Labor When it's Flat on its Back," by Thoma Geoghegan, a labor lawyer who has a dim view of the modern American labor movement. The paper discusses Geoghegan's beliefs that the labor movement is past its prime and usefulness and will eventually dwindle away, dying a lingering and painful death and leaving millions of Americans unrepresented in its wake. The paper shows, through reference to statistics, that Geoghegan's predictions from 1991 seem to coming true, with trade union membership figures dwindling along with their power. The author of the paper presents reasons why he agrees with Geoghegan's thesis.
From the Paper
"To prove his point, the author follows the descent and crash of the steel industry, and shows how it fell from one of the largest organized employers in the nation to a small, unorganized industry. "Oh, we would still have a steel industry, and some of it would be new: small, low-wage 'mini-mills,' mostly non-union, mostly in the South" (Geoghegan 85). The steel industry never regained its heyday, and many other organized industries have followed suit.
Geoghegan comes across as jaded and tired in his tirade about the unions, and after reading this book, it is difficult not to see why. His career as a labor lawyer has shown him all sides of the unions, from their heydays to their rapid declines. He has defended union member pensions that were wiped out by crafty corporations like International Harvester, who sold a steel mill to a small operator who went bankrupt, and took the member's pensions with them. The union members finally got a settlement from Harvester that was a mere pittance to what their pensions would have been. It was a sad case for the unions, and points to the unions demise, they simply do not wield the power they once did."
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Pro-U.S. Flat Tax Reform, 2002.
This paper discusses the option of a flat United States federal income tax and argues its desirability in America's current economic set-up.
2,090 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses introduction a flat tax reform in America's federal income tax law. To analyze the flat tax, the current income tax and the proposed flat tax structure is compared as well as a definition of progressive taxation. General points for and against a flat tax follow. A detailed flat tax piece of legislation prepared by United States Representative Dick Armey and United States Senator Richard Shelby are summarized and used as an example of a specific implementation of a flat tax. Finally the paper shows why a flat tax is more desirable than the current federal tax structure.
Outline:
Introduction
Flat Income Tax
Current Income Tax
Armey-Shelby Proposed Flat Income Tax
Tax Types
Progressive Tax
Definition
Example ? Federal Income Tax Structure
Regressive Tax
Definition
Example ? Social Security Tax
Current Income Tax
Problems
Complexity
Administration Cost
Increasing Tax Burden
Special Interest Lobbying
Flat Income Tax
?Ideal? Flat Tax
Armey-Shelby Tax Proposal
One Tax Rate
Simple Tax Form
No Tax on Savings
Elimination of Double Taxation
Zero Tax Bracket
Other Benefits
Other Definitions of Taxes
Consumption Tax
Sales Tax
Value-added Tax (VAT)
Wage Tax
Income Tax
Timing of Tax Collection
Best Choice - Flat Income Tax
Current Problem Solution
Ease of Administration
Encourage Savings and Investment
From the Paper
"There are two main reasons for mentioning that income is taxed ?one time?. Currently dividends paid to company stockholders are taxed both as profits for the company and dividend income for the individual who is paid the dividend. To eliminate this double taxation of dividends the company will pay corporate income taxes on its profits and the individual will not be liable for any taxes on the dividends he receives. A second reason is the elimination of taxing savings twice. If an individual puts a dollar from his paycheck that he has already paid income tax on in the bank, then any earnings on the savings is again taxed. Both of these situations inhibit savings and investment taking dollars out of the economy and recycling them through the federal government."
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Flat Tax System.
An argument in favor of flat tax system.
5,150 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 1600 sources, MLA, £ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an argument in support of instituting a flat tax system in the United States. The paper begins with a statistical-based explanation of the flat tax system, which maintains that one's income should be taxed just once as close as possible to its source. Next, the paper turns to an analysis of the economic and fiscal benefits of a flat tax system. Finally, the paper turns to the social and political benefits of a flat tax system, explaining that it is progressive -- in that those without income are not taxed -- efficient and simple.
Outline:
Introduction
Explaining the Flat Tax
A Case for the Flat Tax System
Benefits of the Flat Tax System
Progressivity, Efficiency, and Simplicity
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In this light, the main objections to the flat tax are cancelled out (The Economist, 2005). In addition, the advantages of a simple tax system are enhanced. Simplicity is an advantage in its own right. The costs of administering a complex tax system are huge. Estimates for the United States, whose tax regime, despite government efforts, put the costs of compliance, administration and enforcement between 10 percent and 20 percent of revenue collected. This sum is equivalent to between one-quarter and one-half of the government's budget deficit. And many countries have even higher maintenance costs. According to Hall and Rabushka (1995), the flat tax would save taxpayers hundreds of billions in direct and indirect compliance costs (Hall and Rabushka, 1995). It would also transfer billions of dollars from investments that reduce taxes to those that produce goods and services."
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"Brian Back on the Rez", 2002.
This paper examines Back on the Rez: Finding the Way Back Home by Brian Maracle.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 73.95
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Abstract
The book documents his return to his reservation, Six Nations Indian Reserve Number 40, popularly known as the Six Nations/Grand River Territory. Maracle is a participant observer, a Mohawk, returning to his home and home culture, having been raised in cities amongst non-Native Canadians.
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Flat Tax, 2003.
An overview of flat tax, its definition, advantages, and disadvantages.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a close look at the concepts of the flat tax and looks at its possible benefits and potential failings. Although there is a basic format of the flat tax, there are multiple flat tax proposals that have been offered by conservatives. Along with critiquing the basic format, this paper compares and contrasts the different flat tax proposals.
From the Paper
"The United States tax system is in complete disarray. Republicans and Democrats agree that the current tax code is complex, unfair, and costly. The income tax system is so complex; the IRS publishes 480 tax forms and 280 forms to explain the 480 forms (Armey). The main reason the tax system is so complex is because of the special preferences such as deductions and tax credits. Complexity in the current tax system forces Americans to spend 5.4 billion hours complying with the tax code, which is more time than it takes to manufacture every car, truck and van produced in the United States (Armey). Time is not the only thing that is lost with the current tax system; Americans also lose great deal of money complying with the taxes. Resources that are currently wasted on record keeping, filing forms, learning the tax code, litigation, and tax avoidance. The cost of complying with the current tax code totals about $200 billion annually, or $700 for every man, woman, and child in America (Armey 1). The overwhelming consensus that the current tax system is inadequate has ignited the search for tax reform. There are numerous proposals for tax reform; one particular proposal is the idea of a national flat rate income tax. The idea is to replace the current income tax with a single rate that everyone pays."
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The Flat Tax Rate, 2004.
This paper argues that implementing a flat-rate tax would greatly improve the economy in the United States.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that initiating a flat-rate tax would greatly simplify taxation in the United States, thereby freeing up time and capital spending on compliance with tax codes. The author points out that decreases in marginal taxes will increase incentives to produce and will funnel money away from non-economically productive investments designed to minimize taxes. The paper relates that one of the most common criticisms concerning the implementation of a flat tax rate is that it will harm lower-income households, while not greatly affecting higher income Americans.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Support for a Flat Tax
Criticisms of the Flat Tax
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Importantly, the flat tax system is economical and efficient simply as a result of its ease to administer and comply with. A flat tax system reduces the hassles and burdens of compliance to a complex graduated system. This reduces the burden on taxpayer, the tax collector, as well as the accountant. While a flat tax system will ultimately reduce the demand for accountant's and lawyer's services, it will free a large numbers of Americans from time-intensive taxation issues. Higgins argues that a flat tax system will save about two billion hours per year in filling out forms and keeping records. Further, the $200 billion needed to comply with current tax codes will be significantly reduced. As such, these Americans can presumably funnel this extra time into making more money, thus ultimately improving consumer spending and stimulating the economy."
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The Flat Tax Revolution, 2005.
A discussion on the flat tax revolution occurring in Central and Eastern Europe.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper argues in support of the flat tax revolution occurring in Central and Eastern Europe. It discusses the flat tax as a departure from the Western European tradition of high tax rates to finance expensive social services. The paper explores the benefits of a flat tax.
From the Paper
"Each year as April looms ahead talk of tax code reforms boils again to the surface of news commentary, talk radio and political analysis. Perhaps one of the most talked about revolutions in worldwide tax reform is the ..."
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Flat Tax, 2007.
A discussion of the flat tax and other reform proposals in America.
2,696 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the issue of progressive taxes, cites related scholarly literature, and draws on some of the proposals advanced by think tanks. It looks at how those on each side tout the economic costs and benefits of their position and back them up with broader philosophical arguments. The paper also examines how proponents of progressive taxes argue that they are fair because the wealthy inordinately benefit from the structures that promote their wealth.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Taxes in America
Where we're Headed
Pro-Progressive Tax Theory
Less Progressivity, Flat Tax
Public Opinion
Conclusions
From the Paper
"During the early years of the U.S. government, revenue was generated primarily through fees and taxes on certain transactions. The crisis of the Civil War spurred Congress to pass a 3% income tax in 1862 as an emergency measure to assist in dealing with the national crisis (Tax Foundation, n.d.). The initial income tax was progressive, as the 3% rate was applicable to all income above $600. An inheritance tax (sometimes referred to as a death tax by advocates) was also established. In order to enforce the newly required taxing measures, the government created what is now known as the Internal Revenue Service. They were given general oversight to develop policies and procedures that would assist in the collection of taxes and fees."
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Granny Flats, 2002.
An examination of the rules and regulations regarding granny flats in California.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how granny flats, a colloquial term often used for accessory second dwelling units, are best described as the converted use of space in a residential home into a small apartment. It examines how in California most often this means converting part or all of a garage into an apartment or flat and how the advantages of converting the extra space into living units is often in providing a source of income for the owners of the house. It evaluates how the State of California requires that local governments allow second dwelling units in single-family districts. It looks at how granny flats mostly meet the same housing construction and safety codes of more traditional housing. It shows how they offer low-cost alternatives to apartments for those on a fixed income such as the elderly or those with disabilities who are receiving assistance. In addition they are an alternative to warehousing older generation Americans who cannot afford to live independently.
From the Paper
"Ordinances vary widely from city to city in the state. Many municipalities have tried in the past to severely regulate the use of granny flats by their residents. California Court of Appeal struck down just such an attempt in Santa Monica, which had an ordinance on the books that restricted, who can live in second units in single family residential zones. The court found that the ordinance it violated both privacy and equal protection rights. The ordinance restricted occupancy to dependents and caretakers. It was approved by the City Council at the urging of residents, in spite of legal warnings from attorneys as well as City staff."
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Hog's Back Falls, 2008.
An overview of the geomorphology of Hog's Back Falls.
2,268 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly details the geomorphology of Hog's Back Falls. To begin with, the paper looks at the modern incarnation of the falls as most local citizens understand it. Going further, the paper subsequently looks at the prehistoric development of the falls' site and the odd creatures that made the location their home eons ago. The stratigraphy of the region is then explored and the paper concludes by pointing out how the features of the Hog's Back Falls site cannot be fully understood until it is placed within a broader geographical matrix that includes a large portion of eastern Ontario. In closing, the Hog's Back Falls is a good example of how the changes wrought by mankind often pale beside the changes wrought by nature.
From the Paper
"In the crucial decades preceding this nation's official founding in 1867, the focus of attention was upon facilitating the commercial and mercantile growth of Upper Canada as much as possible. With this as the driving imperative, canal construction came to be seen as an excellent means of upgrading the province's infrastructure. Lt. Colonel John By took the lead in crafting the new artificial water-way system and the end result was not only a new canal, but also a new dam and a massive waste water weir capable of controlling the excess water of the Rideau River during its most swollen times in the spring ("Hog's Back Falls," para.1-4). Suffice it to say, this is what ordinary citizens of Ottawa think of when asked to describe the Hog's Back Falls."
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Lower Back Pain, 2004.
An examination of the problem of lower back pain and its treatment.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly provides a review of lower back pain, from a review of the main types of lower back pain to their causes. It explains that this is a very treatable condition and suggests methods for prevention and cure.
From the Paper
"Many adults suffer from lower back pain, and indeed back pain is one of the main reasons for patients seeking treatment from their family doctor: it is estimated that lower back pain costs the US health care system $25 billion annually in diagnosis and treatment (Bratton, 1999). The effective diagnosis and early treatment of lower back pain is therefore desirable (Bratton, 1999)."
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Flat Screen Technology, 2007.
This paper uses the economic fundamentals of the law of supply and demand and of perfect competition to explore current and future economic dynamics in the flat-screen television market.
1,636 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that flat screen television prices are rapidly decreasing and consumers are responding by buying more of the sets. The paper also discusses how although demand is up, there appears to be excess supply. The paper predicts that since the market is perfectly competitive, it is likely that a number of competitors will see prices fall below average variable costs and will exit the market. The paper shows, therefore, how excess supply will be eliminated and the market will move toward equilibrium.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Theory
Strategic Planning and Implementation
The Flat-Screen Television Market
Long-Run Commercial Potential
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The laws of supply and demand are the most important determinant of market structures (Economics basics: demand and supply). The law of demand states that, if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good and vice versa. The law of supply states that when the price of a good rises, holding other factors constant, producers will be willing to supply more of the product. Price, therefore, is determined by supply and demand. Economic equilibrium refers to an equilibrium in a market where a market for a product has attained the price where the amount supplied of a certain product equals the quantity demanded."
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A Flat Tax System, 2005.
This paper discusses changing the U.S. tax system to a flat tax system.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that changing the U.S. tax system to a flat tax system with a broader tax base and lower tax rates has advantages and disadvantages over the current tax system, which is very complicated and has issues of inequity. The author points out that the
new tax system would broaden the tax base, lower tax rates and do
away with mortgage interest payments and state and local tax deductions. The paper states that, once the principles of a low flat rate tax on consumption with no deductions is established and all the special interest lobbies have been steamrollered, the logical next step is to scrap the income tax entirely.
From the Paper
"Many groups may protest against a broadened tax base and lowered tax rates through a flat tax type initiative. Entities and individuals with tax shelters for example would be very angry about this change and likely would protest because they would be losing their tax shelters. Homeowners might also protest because of the abovementioned
predictions in regard to the housing market and how it might collapse under a flat tax initiative. And politicians who are entrenched in or have interests in maintaining the status quo will protest against change in the system and try to tie up the effectiveness and speed of the change."
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The Mazda Crisis at Flat Rock, 2003.
A discussion of the issues that occurred in the Mazda plant in Flat Rock, Michigan due to the differences between the Japanese and American workers.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the issues that occurred in the Mazda plant in Flat Rock, Michigan which were created due the cultural difference in management style and work ethic between the Japanese and American workers. It examines the reasons why serious personnel issues occurred and outlines a plan for transforming the culture at Flat Rock and making the plant more productive. It also looks at how the roles of training and organizational development influence organizational performance.
From the Paper
"One reason why issues were created at Flat Rock was because of the instability in management. This instability occurred because of the conflict between Japanese and American management over the business philosophy being used. Four top U.S. managers had left the company due to a feeling of ?being left out of the information network? (Dessler, 2000). This lack of communication trickled all the way down to the floor, which created dissention among employees and reduced productivity. The poor communication, which contributed to poor production, created a downward spiral for Mazda in which they did not recover."
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