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The Kyoto Protocol, 2008.
This paper argues in favor of US participation in the Kyoto Protocol.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the US should not only participate in the Kyoto Protocol, but be a leader to other countries as well. The paper also makes the argument that involvement of the US would be environmentally, and even economically beneficial in the long run. The paper also outlines what the Kyoto Protocol entails for those countries that commit to it, what its effects would be, and proposed alternatives to the Kyoto Protocol. The paper concludes that, while the Kyoto Protocol demands a financial commitment on the part of its participants, it also has as its primary concern the long-term health of the economic environment of the world's markets.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Kyoto Protocol
Effects of Ratification
Alternative Solutions
National v. International
Public v. Private
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The only other country that had substantial confidence in this alternative was Australia. While the government would offer various subsidies and financial incentives for voluntary compliance with its alternative plan, the Bush alternative offered no real incentives towards compliance and included absolutely no mechanism for enforcement. Alternatively, the Kyoto Protocol is an internationally organized plan that fits seamlessly within the context of the broad international agency of the UN."
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Canada's Involvement in the Kyoto Protocol, 2006.
An analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of Canada's involvement in the Kyoto Protocol.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate concerning Canada's participation in the Kyoto Protocol. The paper describes the strategy of the Kyoto Protocol and why it is necessary for the environment. It then examines the arguments for and against Canada's involvement in the strategy and it analyses the benefits and the drawbacks that pertain to the issue. The paper maintains that, ultimately, the Kyoto Protocol contains many problems that are severely limiting its potential effectiveness. The paper concludes that, overall, there is a lack of cooperation between countries concerning the Kyoto Protocol, and therefore its effectiveness will be severely limited and thus criticizes the involvement of Canada in the Kyoto Protocol.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, the Kyoto Protocol contains many problems that are severely limiting its potential effectiveness. The various ineffective aspects of the protocol are: developing countries being excluded from the protocol, even though they contribute to a great proportion of greenhouse gases, and the U.S. government not agreeing with the Kyoto framework even though they are the largest producer of emissions. Moreover, the agreement contains certain internal contradictions such as the pollution credit system. Finally, many countries that have signed on to the agreement are having difficulty in establishing the standards and mechanisms to make it work. Overall, there is a lack of cooperation between countries concerning the Kyoto Protocol, and therefore its effectiveness will be severely limited and thus criticizes the involvement of Canada in the Kyoto Protocol."
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Kyoto Protocol, 2006.
An examination of the Kyoto Protocol on global warming and the environment and how current and past US governments have dealt with environmental issues.
4,025 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol which became effective in February 2005. The paper discusses how the United States has stayed out of the Protocol as it feared that accepting the Protocol would give the developing countries like India and China an unfair advantage. The paper further examines how the Bush government has faced severe criticism for its opposition to Kyoto Protocol both internationally as well as from general public and state governments, while a few states have taken steps to reduce green-house gasses (GHG) by regulating on state level. The paper shows that even if America does not meet the Kyoto targets it will be able to show considerable progress in GHG reduction to satisfy its own public opinion as well as the international community.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Introduction
Environmental Policies of Past Governments
i) President Regan Environmental Approach
ii) President Bush Senior's Environmental Policies
iii) President Clinton and Global Warming
iv) President G. W. Bush Junior Actions on Kyoto Protocol
Europe's Views on US Defiance
Public Opinion on Global Warming
Congress Views on GHG Controls
State Policies on Global Warming
US Policies on Environment
President Bush's Alternative to Kyoto Protocol
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Environmental issues have gained high public importance and can win or loose local senate and even presidential election. The 2004 election was probably the first where candidate of both political parties avoided the issues relating to the environment. The public pressure and that of environmental lobbies makes the government enact environmental regulations. The business lobby, on the other hand knows that implementing environmental measures adds to the cost of doing business and deprives them of business opportunities due to environmental concerns."
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The Kyoto Protocol, 2006.
A look at how the Kyoto Protocol was designed so that it included policies that would ensure and not prohibit the expansion of national economies.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
In 2001 the newly elected Bush administration shocked the globe first by stating that it would not demand that its national industry be required to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, or greenhouse gases, and then in its harsh rejection of the Kyoto Protocol that had been ten years in the making. The Kyoto Protocol is intended to reduce greenhouse gases by as much as 5.2 percent below the 1990 levels but the Bush administration felt that ratification of the Kyoto Protocol would cost the Nation millions of jobs and billions of dollars in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This paper discusses the context within which the Kyoto Protocol was designed to fit within the broader framework of sustainable development economic policies that would ensure continued economic expansion but would also ensure sound environmental policies.
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Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming, 2002.
An essay explaining the urgency of the Kyoto Protocol and the current situation in regards to global warming.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 11 sources, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some aspects of the Kyoto Protocol and attempts to eexplain the urgency of it. The author also explains global warming ? it?s causes and effects, by giving examples of companies that have thrived on being more ?eco-friendly?, and also examples of why the Kyoto Protocol will not be as detrimental as many predict.
From the paper:
"Global warming is not a myth but a present reality due to the extreme amounts of greenhouse gases that industrialized countries emit daily. The Kyoto Protocol, as this paper while argue, is a preventative measure of this horrific possibility."
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Kyoto Protocol, 2007.
This paper describes the elements of the Kyoto Protocol, an international plan intended to avert the effects of global warming.
1,698 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper argues in favor of the United States supporting ideas presented in the Kyoto Protocol. The paper describes the effects of global warming and expounds on the issues presented in the Kyoto Protocol to avert these problems. The main thrust of the treaty is to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by developed countries. The writer believes that despite the US being a non-signatory to this treaty, it should set an example and show its citizens what to do in order to reduce greenhouse gases.
From the Paper
"Was it smart for President Bush to pull out of the Kyoto treaty? Many countries are lagging behind Kyoto targets anyways and are paying a fine for it. The UNFCCC Secretariat says emissions by Spain and Portugal were 40.5 percent above 1990 levels in 2002. U.S. emissions were up 13.1 percent. Since there was a fine for not making its targets, President Bush may have saved the country from going into more debt. But does this short term gain justify what could happen in the long term?"
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Kyoto Protocol, 2002.
An overview of Prime Minister Chertier's views on the Kyoto Protocol.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper is about the Kyoto Protocol. Prime Minister Chertier has deemed Canada's signing of the Kyoto Protocol to be in the "public interest". This decision is interesting from the perspective of Canadian "representative government" as it illustrates how decisions are made as to what issues are matters of "public interest".
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Kyoto Protocol, 2005.
A discussion of the Kyoto Protocol and the views surrounding it.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol from the Public Choice perspective. Discussions surrounding the agreement are examined including the insurgence of self-interest based global warming initiatives. The paper discusses the views of the opponents to the Kyoto Protocol and gives reasons for their views.
From the Paper
"Global warming and energy consumption has attributed to an increase in greenhouse gases resulting in a rapidly deteriorating atmosphere. Temperatures are rising and ecosystems are suffering. The spread of disease, drought, and floods have been attributed to increased global warming. Power plants and exhaust from cars are causing severe damage to the ozone layer. Governments and businesses alike must look for new ways to harness energy to use as fuel sources. Global warming is a hug problem."
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Kyoto Protocol, 2002.
An insight into the Kyoto protocol and the justification of the Canadian Government in trying to endorse it.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This essay will focus on the essence of the Kyoto protocol and will consider the justification of the Canadian Government in trying to ratify it by the end of 2002. The Kyoto protocol, which was crafted in December 1997, calls on industrialized nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), which has been a major contributor to the prime environmental concern about global warming and climate change.
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Kyoto Protocol and Climate Change, 2008.
A discussion of the purpose and expected outcome of the Kyoto Protocol.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol and how its formation can be considered a turning point with regard to climate change and global warming. It also describes the aims and goals of the Kyoto Protocol and whether it can be implemented successfully. The paper suggests that it will take many more decades before global warming and other climate changes which are caused by greenhouse gases will begin to decline.
From the Paper
"If it is true that humans are the ones who are affecting global warming, then humans must turn this detrimental propensity around. It has taken 150 years to get to this point, and it will take at least half as long to undo what has been done. That is why the Kyoto Protocol is so crucial at this point in history. The formation of the Kyoto Protocol is considered a turning point when humans decided to change longstanding harmful habits. The Kyoto Protocol cannot have any immediate results because nations throughout the world have just begun to harness and control their emissions. Fifty years ago one could hardly breathe in Tokyo, the air was so thick and it was not that long ago that the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles had yellow skies daily throughout the summer, with warnings to remain indoors. It has taken those cities a decade or two to cut back and clean up. It will take smaller, poorer nations, heavily yoked to industries run on fossil fuel for their livelihood much longer to change their energy sources and their economies."
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The Kyoto Protocol, 2004.
A look at emissions trading programs as a means of achieving targets under the Kyoto Protocol.
1,419 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how there is an international recognition of the immediate need to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) and remedy the problem of global warming. The Kyoto Protocol was established in December 1997 as an agreement between over 160 countries to set targets for the reduction of GHGs and determined available options to achieve them. It shows how the Protocol includes three Kyoto mechanisms, which are three market-based instruments that enable nations to buy or earn credits on an international scale. It examines how developed countries that have accepted a Kyoto target throughout the world are developing emissions trading programs in order to achieve these targets in a cost-effective manner.
From the Paper
"Over time, governments reduce the number of permits available, and the market for auctioned or unused permits becomes increasingly costly. Therefore, parties recognize that investment in clean-up technologies is more feasible than purchasing permits for emissions. During this process emissions are reduced, and parties that are successful in reducing emissions do not need to purchase auctioned permits and in fact profit from the sales of unused permits. The option of emissions trading also gives parties time to update their operations and invest in clean technologies. Evidence from emissions trading programs implemented in the United States indicates that this mechanism is an effective, cost effective means of reducing emissions."
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Kyoto Protocol, 2005.
A discussion of whether the Kyoto Protocol is dead even before it has been fully implemented.
2,983 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
Through an analysis of the status of the Kyoto Protocol and the efforts that were made to revive it, this paper argues that it is doubtful that any of the Rio, Johannesburg, or the Bonn Summits will have the capacity to do so, considering that, in the final analysis, there are no mechanisms for the application of international environmental treaties.
From the Paper
"Global warming which is scientifically argued to be induced by certain gasses referred to as "greenhouse gasses," is of major environmental concern. Its impact upon the environment is incalculable with its being sufficient to say that it will definitely change almost all aspects of it. It is clear that man cannot afford the destruction of the environment or its dramatic change as his life is sustained by its life, health and very existence. In acknowledgment of this, a global decision was made to fight global warming. As Maurice F. Strong argues in a Journal of International Affairs article, this may have been interpreted as a positive step in the right direction insofar as it implied awareness that environmental issues were, by definition, global in nature and, consequently, required a global solution. Thus, officials from 150 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to figure out a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A treaty was agreed on called the Kyoto Protocol, in which the industrial nations pledged to lower their emissions by 2012."
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The Kyoto Protocol, 2002.
Discusses the benefits and costs of the Kyoto Protocol, focusing on salient issues.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a detailed account of the implementation and progression of the Kyoto Protocol and weighs the benefits and costs. The author discusses the salient issues involved and analyzes their significance.
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Kyoto Protocols, 2002.
A discussion of the Kyoto Protocols to slow down global warming.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 12 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the Kyoto Protocols. Proponents of the Protocols argue that they are essential to reduce carbon emissions and greenhouse gases and slow global warming. Opponents argue that he economic cost is too high and the benefits are too few.
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