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Kyoto Protocol and Global Warming, 2002.
An essay explaining the urgency of the Kyoto Protocol and the current situation in regards to global warming.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 11 sources, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some aspects of the Kyoto Protocol and attempts to eexplain the urgency of it. The author also explains global warming ? it?s causes and effects, by giving examples of companies that have thrived on being more ?eco-friendly?, and also examples of why the Kyoto Protocol will not be as detrimental as many predict.
From the paper:
"Global warming is not a myth but a present reality due to the extreme amounts of greenhouse gases that industrialized countries emit daily. The Kyoto Protocol, as this paper while argue, is a preventative measure of this horrific possibility."
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Canada, Kyoto and Global Warming, 2006.
The writer discusses global warming, the Kyoto protocol and examines the possible effects on the Canadian economy and environment.
3,442 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer examines the idea of global warming and discusses the accuracy of predictions regarding its overall effects and the root causes of the problem. The writer also discusses the research that predictions of global warming are based upon and examines the conflicting studies presented by governmental and international bodies. In addition, the writer argues that UN mechanisms put in place to decrease carbon emissions and reduce the planets temperature rise, will, in fact, have the opposite effect. The writer postulates that for Canada, the cost of adherence to the Kyoto protocols will be excessive and quotes a number of researchers in evidence. The paper is accompanied by a number of tables and graphs.
Outline:
Introduction
Global Warming: Science and Scepticism
The Kyoto Protocol: Loopholes and Exceptions
Canada's and Kyoto: Economic Impacts of Meeting the Reduction Goals
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1998 the first and most comprehensive study of compliance costs to Canada was done by the National Climate Change Process (NCCP), a group formed by various Canadian government officials. The results were not what the government had hoped for. The study predicts long term negative effects on the Canadian economy of between 0.5 to 3% per year, and up to 20 years recovery time. Real wages would drop between 1 and 4%, and there would be significant risk of damaging levels of inflation. According to the analysis, it is not Alberta, but Saskatchewan and Ontario that are the hardest hit provinces"
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Kyoto Protocol, 2006.
An examination of the Kyoto Protocol on global warming and the environment and how current and past US governments have dealt with environmental issues.
4,025 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol which became effective in February 2005. The paper discusses how the United States has stayed out of the Protocol as it feared that accepting the Protocol would give the developing countries like India and China an unfair advantage. The paper further examines how the Bush government has faced severe criticism for its opposition to Kyoto Protocol both internationally as well as from general public and state governments, while a few states have taken steps to reduce green-house gasses (GHG) by regulating on state level. The paper shows that even if America does not meet the Kyoto targets it will be able to show considerable progress in GHG reduction to satisfy its own public opinion as well as the international community.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Introduction
Environmental Policies of Past Governments
i) President Regan Environmental Approach
ii) President Bush Senior's Environmental Policies
iii) President Clinton and Global Warming
iv) President G. W. Bush Junior Actions on Kyoto Protocol
Europe's Views on US Defiance
Public Opinion on Global Warming
Congress Views on GHG Controls
State Policies on Global Warming
US Policies on Environment
President Bush's Alternative to Kyoto Protocol
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Environmental issues have gained high public importance and can win or loose local senate and even presidential election. The 2004 election was probably the first where candidate of both political parties avoided the issues relating to the environment. The public pressure and that of environmental lobbies makes the government enact environmental regulations. The business lobby, on the other hand knows that implementing environmental measures adds to the cost of doing business and deprives them of business opportunities due to environmental concerns."
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Global Warming, 2007.
An analysis of the consequences of global warming and of large countries not participating in the Kyoto Protocol.
818 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses global warming. It begins by looking at the results of global warming and then discusses some of the consequences of it. It looks at the glacial system, health impacts and UV-B radiation. The paper then discusses the Kyoto Protocol and the countries that have decided not to participate. The paper describes the consequences of large countries not participating in the Kyoto Protocol.
From the Paper
"Although a total of 166 countires have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the countries that would have the most impact have not participated. The United States, currently the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has refused to sign the agreement because it states that exemptions to developing countries such as China and India are unfair. Instead, the United States is sticking to its "strategy" announced way back in early 2001 to, "reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the American economy by 18 percent over the 10-year period from 2002 to 2012. Unregulated emissions from exempted countries under the Kyoto Protocol are getting progressively worse. The International Energy Agency has just released a report in late 2006 revealing that China will surpass the United States in 2009, a decade ahead of previous predictions, as the largest emitter of the main gases linked to global warming. In fact, unregulated emissions from China, India and other developing countries are predicted to account for most of the global increase in carbon dioxide emissions over the next 25 years."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper explores global warming, its consequences and the limited impact of the Kyoto Protocol.
1,702 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the health implications of global warming and the possibility of widespread starvation. The paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol where countries committed to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases. The paper notes the exemptions granted to developing countries such as China and India and the refusal of the United States to ratify this protocol. The paper contends that the Kyoto Protocol must be revisited with exemptions eliminated and more incentives for countries to do the right thing.
From the Paper
"The reality of global warming can no longer be denied. Some of the harsh consequences of global warming on water, food production, health, and the environment are already apparent as our earth warms because of greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to reduce emissions of these gases. Yet, the protocol exempted some of the world's largest offenders, China and India, because they are classified as developing countries. The United States, in turn, did not ratify the protocol because it felt that these countries would have an unfair advantage that would damage its economy."
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Kyoto Protocol, 2007.
This paper describes the elements of the Kyoto Protocol, an international plan intended to avert the effects of global warming.
1,698 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper argues in favor of the United States supporting ideas presented in the Kyoto Protocol. The paper describes the effects of global warming and expounds on the issues presented in the Kyoto Protocol to avert these problems. The main thrust of the treaty is to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by developed countries. The writer believes that despite the US being a non-signatory to this treaty, it should set an example and show its citizens what to do in order to reduce greenhouse gases.
From the Paper
"Was it smart for President Bush to pull out of the Kyoto treaty? Many countries are lagging behind Kyoto targets anyways and are paying a fine for it. The UNFCCC Secretariat says emissions by Spain and Portugal were 40.5 percent above 1990 levels in 2002. U.S. emissions were up 13.1 percent. Since there was a fine for not making its targets, President Bush may have saved the country from going into more debt. But does this short term gain justify what could happen in the long term?"
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Global Warming, 200.
A thorough look at the threat of global warming, its causes, effects and solutions.
17 words (approx. 0.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 11.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the growing environmental problem of global warming. The paper offers a definition of global warming, discusses the threat to human beings and ecosystems it poses and explains its causes. The paper also describes the serious consequences of global warming as well as the need for solutions to address the problem of global warming and the obstacles that exist to finding such solutions.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Definition and Overview
The Causes of Global Warming
The Effects of Global Warming
Solutions and Controversy
Conclusion: The Kyoto Accord
From the Paper
"Many environmental experts as well as scientists and medical experts are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects of global warming over the past few decades. This sense of alarm is fueled by the fact that many hypothetical theories and predictions previously made about the probable effects of extreme weather and climatic changes and believed to be an indication of global warming, are in reality occurring worldwide. These events have caused scientists to forecast even more extreme effects of global warming for the future."
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Global Warming, 2007.
An analysis of the factors affecting global warming and the current United States stance on the matter.
5,508 words (approx. 22.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses global warming and international relations. The paper discusses what the Bush administration has done and is currently doing concerning global warming. It discusses the Kyoto Protocol and some of the environmental issues that are particularly important today. The paper then discusses the issue of global warming itself, how it occurs and what kinds of changes it is already causing to the environment.
From the Paper
"Evidence shows that global warming is increasing more and more quickly, and the most rapid acceleration has been seen to be occurring since 1976 (Healy and Tapick, 2004, 120). The 1990s was the hottest decade since records were started in 1860, and also appeared to be the hottest decade within the last thousand years. It appears that the world is simply heating up, and 1998 holds the record for the hottest year, with 2002 and 2003 tied for a close second (Healy and Tapick, 2004, 96). In many areas of the country this last summer was the hottest summer on record - further evidence that the temperatures are rising more and more. Since there are so many GHGs out there and no one seems to be doing anything about them, this heat wave trend can be expected to continue, which will harm not just the United States but the entire planet. Since the United States has refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol and reduce GHG emissions, this is also going to seriously strain the international relations that the United States has with other countries."
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Is Bush a Cause of Global Warming?, 2007.
This paper discusses the global warming debate and the environmental policies of U.S. President George Bush.
1,166 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the global warming debate and asserts that the political power and decision making of President George Bush has been a contributing factor to this environmental problem. The paper discusses the Kyoto treaty and how Bush will not ratify it because he believes it may harm the U.S. economy. The paper contends that global warming is a genuine issue that needs the help of politicians to counter its negative effects. The paper concludes that until the current administration creates more far reaching environmental policies that would reduce global warming, we can only act on a personal level.
From the Paper
""Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation." As the Earth's temperature rises we see that the ice caps melt, ecosystems are lost and patterns of agriculture are altered. One of the main causes of global warming could be attributed to the increased human production of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gasses are what are causing the earth to retain more heat. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), human activity has been directly responsible for increases in atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide since 1750. Climate changes will continue to be a huge problem as the world industrializes, human population continues to grow and with it our consumption of fossil fuels such as oil and coal."
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Global Warming: Addressing Its Effects, 2005.
This paper discusses current global warming issues.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, £ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer describes current global warming issues such as the U.S. refusal to follow the Kyoto agreement. The writer outlines several negative effects of global warming. The writer explains that such effects are related to temperature rises, melting of polar ice caps or to rises in the ocean level. Further, the writer describes steps that can be taken to mitigate the effects of global warming.
From the Paper
At a conference of twenty nations assembled in London, Gordon Brown, Britain's Finance Minister addressed the audience regarding the seriousness of the effects of global warming, saying 'We have sufficient evidence that human-made climate change is the most far-reaching and almost certainly the most threatening of all the environmental changes facing us'. The economic changes predicted by experts such as Mr. Brown as well as changes to weather patterns, human property, human life and the environment have led to ... "
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Global Warming, 2007.
A look at some of the effects and future implications of global warming.
768 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how global warming is now a widely recognized reality and contends that it is currently being treated as an economic and political issue but should be treated as a scientific issue. It argues that the Kyoto Protocol, set up to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, should never have allowed economic considerations to justify exemptions.
From the Paper
"Although a total of 166 countires have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the countries that would have the most impact have not. The United States, currently the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has refused to sign the agreement because it states that exemptions to developing countries such as China and India are unfair. Instead, the United States is sticking to its "strategy" announced way back in early 2001 to, "reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the American economy by 18 percent over the 10-year period from 2002 to 2012. Unregulated emissions from exempted countries under the Kyoto Protocol are getting progressively worse. The International Energy Agency has just released a report late this year revealing that China will surpass the United States in 2009, a decade ahead of previous predictions, as the largest emitter of main gas linked to global warming. "
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Global Warming & the Ecosystem, 2006.
A discussion regarding global warming and its effects on the ecosystem.
2,742 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the impact that global warming has on human communities and ecosystems, and how it represents a great challenge for the entire planet. The paper reports that specialists recommend we try to find alternative sources of energy, and meanwhile, use less of the fossil-fuel energy. The paper further discusses the Kyoto Protocol.
Outline:
Abstract
Historical Perspectives of the Problem
The Impacts on and Responses of Humans or other living organisms to the Environmental Variation
Changes in the Ecosystem and Biosphere Structure
Ecosystem Dynamics Relative to Repair and Restoration
Economic Costs and Social Costs of the Ecological/Environmental Impact
Prevention and Public Awareness Effort Aimed at the Problem
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another issue is represented by the more and more often natural disasters like storms, floods and hurricanes that damage and even destroy people's establishments. The regions most vulnerable to sea-level rise are river deltas such as the Nile delta in Egypt, the Ganges in Bangladesh, the Yangtze and Hwang Ho in China, the Mekong and also the United States that could loose 8000 square miles (20,000 km2) of land, valued at about $650 billion, and 30-80% of its coastal wetlands . Insurance companies are also affected by the natural disasters that come along and in order to avoid bankruptcy they try to develop new strategies on the market and diminish the risks."
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Global Warming, 2008.
An overview of current and future projections on global warming.
4,468 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, over the past few years, global warming has evolved into several imminent crises, such as air and water pollution, the extinction of various animal and plant species, global population growth, the deforestation of the rain forests in South America and Asia, an increase in rural development and rapid changes in global climates and temperatures. The paper looks at how the main culprit for these crises is inescapably linked to the burning of fossil fuels and the negative interaction of human beings with the natural world. It also discusses current and potentially future efforts to slow the process down such as the Kyoto Protocol.
From the Paper
"In layman's terms, the modern appellation of global warming is not too different from Fourier's "giant greenhouse," for it is now referred to as the "Greenhouse Effect" which has come about as a consequence of the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas and oil, by human beings and Fourier's "giant smokestacks" which crowded the landscape of Western Europe shortly after the beginning of the Industrial Revolution circa the early 1800's. As Bruce E. Johansen explains it, "The burning of fossil fuels was key to the economies of many industrialized nations" during the 19th century, a situation which in great measure remains so to this very day, but "the gases and related matter that were released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels were burned" during this time were not seen as being immediately hazardous to man nor to nature."
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Kyoto Protocol and Climate Change, 2008.
A discussion of the purpose and expected outcome of the Kyoto Protocol.
756 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Kyoto Protocol and how its formation can be considered a turning point with regard to climate change and global warming. It also describes the aims and goals of the Kyoto Protocol and whether it can be implemented successfully. The paper suggests that it will take many more decades before global warming and other climate changes which are caused by greenhouse gases will begin to decline.
From the Paper
"If it is true that humans are the ones who are affecting global warming, then humans must turn this detrimental propensity around. It has taken 150 years to get to this point, and it will take at least half as long to undo what has been done. That is why the Kyoto Protocol is so crucial at this point in history. The formation of the Kyoto Protocol is considered a turning point when humans decided to change longstanding harmful habits. The Kyoto Protocol cannot have any immediate results because nations throughout the world have just begun to harness and control their emissions. Fifty years ago one could hardly breathe in Tokyo, the air was so thick and it was not that long ago that the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles had yellow skies daily throughout the summer, with warnings to remain indoors. It has taken those cities a decade or two to cut back and clean up. It will take smaller, poorer nations, heavily yoked to industries run on fossil fuel for their livelihood much longer to change their energy sources and their economies."
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