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The Erotic in Julian of Norwich's "Mystical Writings", 2005.
This paper describes the element of the erotic in mystical experiences through a close analysis of the writings of the medieval British mystic, Julian of Norwich.
5,950 words (approx. 23.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 97.95
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to look into the aesthetic of sexuality, or eroticism, in the religious expression of the medieval mystic, Julian of Norwich, as well as to account for the presence of the erotic in her 'shewings'. In so doing, the mechanism of the mystic is also be explained from a psychoanalytic point of view.
From the Paper
"Since Christianity insists upon the personal aspect of Godhead and provides in Christ an object of intimacy, devotion and Desire, a number of Christian mystics inevitably describe their experiences under erotic symbolisms. This is also the case of the medieval mystic, Julian of Norwich, who contemplates Jesus Christ more as a lover than as an embodiment of divinity, and speaks of His 'Revelation of love', 'His deareworthy/ holy passion', 'His blissfull herte', 'His holy flesh', 'His pretious blode'. After all, Underhill defines contemplation as, "a supreme manifestation of that indivisible "power of knowing" which lies at the root of all our artistic and spiritual satisfactions. In it, man's "made Trinity" of thought, love and will, becomes a Unity: and feeling and perception are fused, as they are in all our apprehensions of beauty, our best contacts with life.""
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Julian of Norwich, 2004.
An examination of Julian of Norwich's book "Revelations of Divine Love", paying particular attention to the parable of the "Lord and the Servant".
1,607 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in "Revelations of Divine Love", Julian of Norwich attempts to define God's relationship with man through a series of showings brought to her by God. These visions do not reveal the mystery of God or unify mortal understanding with divine omnipotence, but illustrate the purpose of God's love for man and its significance in both the spiritual and sensory being. In particular, it shows how through the parable of the "Lord and the Servant", Julian examines the bond of man and Christ in association with God, indicating a duality of nature within the Servant.
From the Paper
"Though the establishment of the servant as Adam in the first half of the parable leads Julian to discover his likeness to Christ, it is the constant of the Lord as God which displays his true affection for man. With the variations of the servant representing all humanity as Adam, and then Christ because of his location, each of these symbols is directed in connection to God who remains unchanged and unmoved throughout the parable. This stationary position in both states of the servant provides the relation of God in all that is made. His love encompasses all things eternally in concurrent harmony, never deserting or abandoning one for another. God is then assumed by his infinite existence to be all, within all everlasting. "
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Motherhood and the Divine, 2002.
Discusses the portrayal and use of 'Motherhood' in the religious philosophies of medieval mystic, Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe of Lynn.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, £ 52.95
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Abstract
Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe were both medieval mystics who had a profound impact on the image of Christian feminine divinity. One of the most interesting aspects of their religious philosophies and of their private communications with God, was the way in which both women portrayed and used motherhood in their perceptions and understandings of the divine.
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Mother God, 2007.
This paper discusses the concept of Mother God as presented by 14th century mystic and author Julian of Norwich.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Julian of Norwich was one of the first few and probably the most well-known female writers to conceive of God as a nurturing mother figure within the Trinity. The author points out that, although Julian feminized her vision of God, she was not a feminist herself because she was willing to accept her subservient role in the society and found comfort in this status, which she associated with being in God's care. The paper relates that Julian uses two images, which have become widely discussed in feminist writings: (1) The hazelnut that she evokes as the representation of the womb and the potential to give birth and (2) The flow of blood as 'a living stream' that she employs in her discussion of Christ's suffering and the blood that appeared. The paper includes several quotations.
From the Paper
"Before the 13th century, women had come to occupy a vital role in the society. They were important figures in household and other matters and even in the Church, women were assigned roles of clerical authority. But the status of women declined gradually to the point that in the late 14th century when Julian composed her visionary writings, she found herself in a male dominated society. But this male dominance was relatively new and women still had some memories of the time when they had the upper hand."
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Neo-Expressionist Artist Julian Schnabel, 2007.
This paper discuses one of the leading American Neo-Expressionist artists, Julian Schnabel, who represents something of an enigma in contemporary art.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Julian Schnabel's work and reputation serve as excellent examples of the complex processes that shape art criticism and reputation in the world of contemporary art. The author points out that Schnabel's theatrical work, such as his "signature" style of painting images and portraits on the medium of broken pottery/plates and black velvet, was the product of a post-modern culture, driven by an unprecedented scale of investment in modern art using the wealth created by the 1980s stock market. The paper argues that Schnabel's rejection of any sense of autonomy or "purity" in favor of a deep engagement with mediated culture is distinctly post-modern.
From the Paper
"From this perspective, it is not surprising that as Schnabel's critical reputation as a figurative artist began declining - not coincidentally, around the same time as a global recession ended the economic boom of the 1980s - Schnabel turned to another artistic medium in which to work: film. This may not have been such a dramatic leap as it might first appear, for critics reflecting upon Schnabel's early paintings have noted qualities in them reminiscent of film. Schnabel's first venture into film was the biopic of his friend and fellow artist in the New York art world of the 1980s, Jean-Michael Basquiat."
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"The Ultimate Resource 2" by Julian Simon, 2002.
A review of Julian Simon's work "The Ultimate Resource 2" with a focus on the theme of ecology.
3,221 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This research examines Julian Simon's "The Ultimate Resource 2", a book that deals with the ecological conditions of humanity and nature prevailing on the planet. The paper sets forth the general pattern of ideas contained in the work and then focuses on Simon's views of three issues in particular-- population, pollution and natural-resource capacity. After reviewing the different issues raised in the piece, the writer provides a conclusion which includes the opinion that Simon tends to select his issues with some care, highlighting those that tend to support his own viewpoint.
From the Paper
"Simon's argument on population is built around a refutation of Malthusian theory, which concludes that the power of population is far greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for humanity. Malthus expressly insists on a direct connection between population and food supply; Bongaarts makes the point that Malthus predicted a increasing deprivation and starvation as growing populations outstripped the food supply" (Bongaarts 37). Simon makes the case that history has never borne out this dire prediction and that all previous predictions that population would overtake food have been wrong. In a modern, technology-driven society, it would be impossible for the world to contain too many people."
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Constructions of Reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 1 source, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the theme of make-believe reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", which is presented through the character of Martha. The question posed is whether there even is such a thing as objective reality, and whether, if there is, it can satisfy anyone, and the conclusion appears to be that people ultimately prefer a constructed reality.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the novel, Barnes sets up the idea that reality, as people think of it, is constructed. Martha reasons: ?If a memory wasn?t a thing but a memory of a memory of a memory, mirrors set in parallel, then what the brain told you now about what it claimed had happened then would be colored by what had happened in between? (6). She continues by reasoning that ?an element of propaganda, of sales and marketing, always intervened between the inner and the outer person? (7). While a person may claim that he/she remembers something clearly, he/she has actually filtered and changed around the memory, infusing it with an element of make-believe."
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"The Ultimate Resource 2" by Julian Simon, 2000.
A review of the work on the dangers to race and planet from over population, pollution and wasting of natural resources.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This research will examine Julian Simon's The Ultimate Resource 2, a book dealing with the ecological conditions of humanity and nature prevailing on the planet. The plan of the research will be to set forth the general pattern of ideas contained in the work and then focus on Simon's views of three issues in particular: population, pollution, and natural-resources capacity.
From the Paper
"This research will examine Julian Simon's The Ultimate Resource 2, a book dealing with the ecological conditions of humanity and nature prevailing on the planet. The plan of the research will be to set forth the general pattern of ideas contained in the work and then focus on Simon's views of three issues in particular: population, pollution, and natural-resources capacity.
Simon's argument in general is that the full range of environmental/ecology issues and the advocates they rode in on are pretty much a sham. His position is that the world is not overpopulated, that it is not in danger from pollution, and that there is not a finite supply of consumable natural resources, including energy resources. Simon gives expression to the view that economics should be separated from the political arena where..."
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Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
A discussion about the constructions of reality in Barnes' novel, "England, England".
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 1 source, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Julia Barnes' somewhat cynical view of reality as a human construction in her novel "England, England". The paper focuses on the characters' attempts to cope with reality and their desire to look past the constructions in their own and others' lives.
From the Paper
"In "England, England", Julian Barnes theorizes that what people perceive to be reality is merely a construction. He argues that people create this construction for themselves because of a desire to simplify their lives. What people consider to be true memories and actual history are distortions, no more real than stories, except in that people believe these memories and histories to be real."
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Renaissance Literature, 2006.
A review of "A Room of One's Own" by Virginia Woolf.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the tale of Julian of Norwich and Margery Kemp, referred to as Shakespeare's sister. It explores how Woolf in "A Room of One's Own" relates to the status of women and the barriers they faced due to the stereotypes of gender in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
From the Paper
"Julian's beliefs about women during the Middle Ages are mixed. In her study of medieval gender constructions, Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion, Bynum concludes that medieval theory acknowledged the "permeability or interchangeability of the sexes," although "the male body is paradigmatic," and even Julian of Norwich, for whom Christ was Mother, still consistently referred to him with the male pronoun (220-22). On the other hand, Robertson suggests that the physicality of Julian's language presents the redemptive possibilities for femininity and emphasizes the sensuality of Christ. Thus it is the "feminized body of Christ" that "redeems the sensual" (156). Further, Robertson believes that Julian was a subtle strategist who sought to undo assumptions about women and to provide a different concept of femininity through contemplation of Christ's "feminine" attributes."
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Mysticism, 2005.
This paper discusses different mystic views and looks at differences in the visions of Kempe and Julian.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This essay concerns two mystics whose visions varied. The writer discusses that because the Catholic Church was experiencing turmoil, many people were drawn to mysticism as a way to become closer with God. The writer notes that Kempe and Julian in their visions conveyed varying themes to listeners. The writer further points out that although their styles and backgrounds were much different, the goal of bringing people closer to God was always at the forefront. An examination of these two women in this article reveals their distinct styles in expressing the inexpressible.
From the Paper
"Mysticism involves having an intuitive knowledge about God and spirituality, which is characterized by enhanced vitality, productivity, serenity and peace. This spiritual practice developed out of the need of the masses, during the Late Middle Ages, to form close relationships with God, as the corrupted Catholic Church had alienated many of its followers with hypocrisy that existed between the conflict in the religious dogma being disseminated through priests and other servants of the church and the reality of the comportment of these same servants."
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Love in Literature, 2004.
An analysis of the concept of love and the various ways in which it is utilized in "Flaubert's Parrot" by Julian Barnes, "The Remains of the Day" by Kazuo Ishiguroand "Enduring Love" by Ian McEwan.
3,001 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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The paper looks at how "love" as a concept has been examined in many different forms as the novel itself has progressed over time. It examines how early English literature commonly portrayed the then stereotypical notion of the idealized or "courtly" lover and how more recent novels have expanded - and effectively recreated - the definition of love. In particular, it explores how this is evident in "Flaubert's Parrot" by Julian Barnes, "The Remains of the Day" by Kazuo Ishiguroand "Enduring Love" by Ian McEwan.
From the Paper
"The Remains of the Day is very much a tragic love story aggravated by the protagonist?s continual repression of romantic sentiments. Blinded by unwavering devotion to his position as head butler of Darlington Hall, Stevens conceals his love for Miss Kenton despite an obvious attraction to her. As Shaffer asserts, ?the butler clearly represses his sexual attraction to Miss Kenton, a woman with whom he works ?at close quarters?during her maiden years? [(47) Shaffer 68-69]. When Stevens receives Miss Kenton?s letter at the beginning of the novel and considers undertaking an excursion to meet her, he states, ?I had become blind to the obvious? (5). Although Stevens is referring to the ?faulty staff plan? (5) at Darlington Hall, these words allude to much more; although he covers his journey in the guise of a business trip, it soon becomes apparent that the main motivating factor is his love for Miss Kenton."
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"Flaubert's Parrot", 2002.
A analysis of the meaning of the parrot in Julian Barnes' "Flaubert's Parrot".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the symbolism of the parrot in Julian Barnes' "Flaubert's Parrot". It takes the point of view that the parrot represents the disconnected self, the puppet-like critic that guides artists and tells them what they want to hear. It concludes that the use of the parrot represents a construction on the part of the narrator to help him come to grips with his own creative life.
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"A Band of Angels", 2001.
This paper analyzes Julian F. Thompson's book, "A Band of Angels".
2,425 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper details the lives of a few characters living in Northfield, Vermont during the Cold War between the United States and Russia. It details the four teenage members of the band of angels and their character. It describes their lives and how they deal with death, love, life at that time and their summer vacation. The main theme of this novel is the importance of living the day and building strong friendships.
From the Paper
"Julian Thompson?s novel A Band of Angels vividly and accurately describes the sentiments and concerns nuclear holocaust affected our nation during the last decade of the Cold War, a forty-six-year conflict between two enemies who engaged in a political and military one-upmanship without losing the world in the process. But the Cold War ? like any other war ? had its heroes and victims. This is a character-driven novel that displays the individuals who will save the planet, and those who would destroy it over an outdated ideology that is fueled by fear and paranoia, all in the town and surrounding countryside of Northfield, VT."
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