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Joseph II of Austria, 2007.
An analysis of the religious reforms of Joseph II of Austria.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the religious reform undertaken by Joseph II and explains his motives for carrying out that reform. It also evaluate how successful his reform was and what obstacles prevented the complete realization of the reform. In addition, the paper discusses historical evidence indicates that Joseph's reforms were a waste of time and that there was no difference in the secular and religious structures from when the reforms were first started.
Outline:
Introduction
The Reforms
Effects
Motives
Evaluation and Obstacles to Realization
From the Paper
"Joseph was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790, and he ruled over the Hapsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the oldest son of the empress Maria Theresa, and was one of the enlightened monarchs. The great influences on Joseph II's education and thinking were the writings of Voltaire, the Encyclopedists, and the example of Frederick the Great. However, he used autocratic and arbitrary methods to get what he wanted (Black 255). Joseph came to strongly believe in the idea of religious toleration and believed it was important to reduce the power of the church over the people. "
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Fascism in Interwar Austria, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between Italy and Germany, and Austria during the period between World War I and World War II.
704 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses fascism. The paper looks at fascism's nature and its relationship to conservatives in interwar Austria. It specifically looks at the period between World War I and World War II. The paper focuses on Italian and German power at the time and the grim choice that Austria found itself faced with - of succumbing to Italian or to German rule.
From the Paper
"In Austria, a strong fascist party rose, although it could not get control of the government. Austria was unique in Europe in lacking a strong nationalistic element. It had been stripped of its empire in the Great War. (Woolf 4) The resulting nation, a shadow of its former self, was politically divided between socialist Vienna and the surrounding provinces which were traditionally conservative and terrified in their antisocialism. (Carsten 223) The fascists formed the Heimwehr (local defense force) as a vehicle to address these fears in the Stryia province. Drawing on a strong feeling of localism against any internationalism, the Heimwehr formed working alliances with the leading mining corporation, under which all workers had to have a membership card, which the Heimwehr would issue only to those who renounced socialist unions. Further, the Heimwehr used thugs to break up strikes, to the delight of the authoritarian conservative provincial governments. (Woolf 7)"
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Joseph E. Brown of Georgia, 2002.
An extensive study of the rise to power of Georgia's governor Joseph E. Brown in the antebellum South.
7,465 words (approx. 29.9 pages), 41 sources, APA, £ 113.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper discusses the rise to power of Governor Joseph E. Brown of Georgia during the Antebellum Period (1840-1860) in American History. It argues that Brown's rise was based on his support for states' rights, his common man roots and popularity. The paper describes that his power was a championship of the common Georgian causes, slavery, and a division within the Democratic Party. It equates Brown's success with the fact that he was a true Georgian and never dealt with national politics. The paper concludes that Brown used his power as Governor to lead Georgia out of the Union, when most Georgians wanted to remain in the Union.
Table of Contents:
State Senator Joseph E. Brown and His Common Man Roots: 1849-1851
The Georgia Democratic State Convention of 1857
Governor Joseph E. Brown and the March to War: 1857-1860
The Election of Lincoln and the Georgia Convention on Secession: 1860-1861
The Georgian Joseph E. Brown: Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A defining moment in American history was the cannon shot that could be heard across the country. At 4:30 in the morning on April 12, 1861, Confederate General Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard (b. 1818 ? d. 1893), under the orders of Confederate President Jefferson Davis (b. 1808 ? d. 1889), opened fire on the besieged Fort Sumter in the Charleston, South Carolina, harbor, starting the American Civil War (1861-1865). The following day, Georgia Governor Joseph Emerson Brown (b. 1821 ? d. 1894) received a telegram from the newly appointed Confederate Secretary of War, Leroy P. Walker (b. 1817 ? d. 1884), informing Brown of the events in South Carolina. Walker wrote, ?I must beg you at once without more delay to furnish my requisition for troops of March 9th. . . I trust you will concur with me in the opinion that the emergency of the case demands instant action.? As Governor Brown read this letter he must have felt apprehensive. On the previous January 19th, using his power and popularity, Brown had lead Georgia out of the Union during a state convention, but now the first shots of a rebellion had been fired. This Southern Rebellion would surely lead to the creation of an independent Confederated States of America. At this point Brown must choose between the protection of Georgia and the protection of the newly born Confederate States of America. Brown quickly began writing his response to Secretary Walker."
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Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh, 2005.
A series of questions comparing the three seemingly different characters, Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper asks the questions 'what do the characters of Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh have in common? How do their adventures compare with one another?' While Joseph is a Bible character, Odysseus was the king of Ithaca, and Gilgamesh built the city of Uruk. This paper then compares the stories of Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh, pointing out many similarities in their adventures, trials, and victories.
From the Paper
"Joseph is a Bible character, Odysseus was the king of Ithaca, and Gilgamesh built the city of Uruk. Odysseus is remembered for building the wooden horse that made it possible to take Troy. Joseph is remembered for the coat of many colors. Gilgamesh was two-thirds god and only one-third human (Hooker). Comparing the stories of Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh show many similarities in their adventures, trials, and victories."
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'Joseph Andrews' and the Importance of Lady Booby, 2006.
A review of the book 'Joseph Andrews'.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the story of Joseph Andrews, which is important to the text as a whole as it provides a focus on the context of one episode of the story with greater detail. 'Joseph Andrews' was written by Fielding as a response to the Samuel Richardson novel 'Pamela'. Within the Richardson novel, the character of Pamela was a housemaid that had endured advancements of her master that were unwarranted. The character insisted on being treated with respect because of her virtue and ultimately was capable of achieving that end. The paper further discusses how when Fielding composed 'Joseph Andrews' he created the title character that was the brother of Pamela, and that was forced to withstand many of the same issues within his life that his "sister" had experienced. The advances of women in Andrews' case are created by Fielding with a comic sense that reappears again in the storyline.
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"Joseph Andrews", 2006.
An analysis of the portrayal of English society in Henry Fielding's "Joseph Andrews".
7,554 words (approx. 30.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 114.95
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Abstract
In "Joseph Andrews", Henry Fielding offers a satiric description of the society he lives in. This paper describes the different aspects of English society seen from Fielding's eyes. It looks at how the narrator, through the adventures of Joseph Andrews and Abraham Adams, gives a description of eighteenth century English society and its habits with its strong belief in appearances, wealth and power. It also discusses how the protagonists enter this world with their prejudices of charity and kindness and how their innocence and virtue do not predispose them to face a rough, materialist and individualist society.
Outline:
Introduction
First Part
Second Part
Third Part
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The impact of appearance is also greatly demonstrated in the Lady's story in book I chapter 4. The history of Leonora is significant of the omnipotence of physicality in society. Leonora is said to have all that she could desire - fortune, a devoted lover - and she throw it all away for appearances. The apparition of the coach and six is eye-catching and Bellarmine's dress in a French fashion can but attract her passion. The minute description of his clothes - his "cut-velvet coat of a cinnamon colour", with "a pink satten", "gold" - shows the attractiveness of the man and the good reputation that follows him - certainly everywhere. Then, although Leonora had refused to dance with any of the men, she accepts to dance with Bellarmine and actually falls in love with him. But the brightness of these clothes hides the darkness of his heart and the man Leonora thought to be a gentleman finally flies away. "
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St. Joseph?s Table, 2004.
A detailed discussion about the Christian custom of St. Joseph's Table.
2,828 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the primarily Catholic holiday of St. Joseph's Table. The paper describes the various customs involved in celebrating this day and elaborates on them, stipulating the customs that are unique to different communities. The history of St. Joseph's Table is presented in the paper, including its introduction to the United States in the late 19th century.
From the Paper
"St. Joseph is also honored as the patron saint of the poor and desperate and it is in this role we find the custom of St. Joseph?s Table, which is an elaborate, meatless and literal feast. St. Joseph, in his many protector roles, is primarily honored in ethnic groups which follow Catholicism, although his day, March 19th is also recognized in the liturgical calendar of the Episcopalian church. The groups that celebrate with a St. Joseph?s Table include Sicilians, Italians, in general, Poles and occasionally Irish. Apparently, just being Catholic doesn?t necessarily include following the tradition of St. Joseph?s Table."
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"Joseph Andrews", 2005.
A look at how Henry Fielding depicts English society in his novel "Joseph Andrews".
6,256 words (approx. 25.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper, which focuses primarily on how Henry Fielding depicts English society in the 18th century in his novel "Joseph Andrews", is broken up into four parts, beginning with a look at the author and the context of the book - political, social and religious. The second part of the book has to do with Joseph Andrews in relation to other texts of the period. The third part is entirely focused on Fielding's moral society and the fourth takes into consideration the problem of language as related to society.
Author and Society: Reading Beyond the Text
The Prism or the Mirror: Depicting 18th Century Society
Fielding's Moral Society
Language and Society
From the Paper
"Joseph Andrews not only provides a broad panorama of 18th-century English society but it also reveals the specific viewpoint and personal involvement of its author. It is often said that what prompted its writing was a reaction of "amused exasperation" at the astounding Pamela fashion. This is certainly true but the circumstances of the composition of Joseph Andrews are more complex and reach further back in time. The issues, people, and events affecting the author's private, social and intellectual life during the period moulded his vision of reality into a broader outlook that was to influence his literary taste. It would become proper to the majority of his writings. For example, Fielding's pronouncements on political, religious, or social matters would often be inspired by his own involvement in party politics, by his allegiance to some Latitudinarian or other and even by hopes of personal reward. Fielding and his characters refer to a host of actual people of every possible description - highwaymen, freethinkers, preachers, playwrights, poets, actors, and peers. Those are people the author might have met, or heard of, or read. They are the people he opposed, condemned, hated, defended, approved of, or loved. To understand how English society is represented in Joseph Andrews, it is crucial to read beyond the text in order to find the reasons for the author's attitude."
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Joseph McCarthy, 2002.
Critical review of "Joseph McCarthy - Reexamining the Life and Legend of America's Most Hated Senator" by Arthur Herman.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This is an overall positive review of Herman's book on Joseph McCarthy. The paper sides with Herman's view that McCarthy was accurate in his perception of a communist threat to America and that his anti-communist investigations were right on target. Also agreed upon is the suggestion that the real problem with Joseph McCarthy was with the man himself and his tactics, not with his fears of the threat posed by Communism. The paper also points out some of the shortcomings of the book and, in particular, mentions the way Herman brushes off the ruin McCarthy brought to so many innocent lives.
From the Paper
"Arthur Herman's book, Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator provides us with a different view of the man who is remembered as an unscrupulous, self-serving, and hypocritical man who recklessly destroyed people's reputations and lives through his unfounded anticommunist witch hunting. Arthur Herman's re-examination of the McCarthy legacy shows that, in retrospect, his disgrace came at a certain price to historical truth. His concept of modern politics and what drove him to his unethical practices remains both unexplored and unexplained."
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Laurence Yep and Joseph Bruchac, 2002.
The contributions of Laurence Yep and Joseph Bruchac to multicultural/antiracist literature.
4,150 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 12 sources, £ 105.95
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Abstract
This seventeen-page undergraduate paper is a comparison of the ways in which Laurence Yep and Joseph Bruchac made important contributions to multicultural/anti-racist literature.
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Clifford Geertz and Joseph Conrad, 2002.
Uses Clifford Geertz's method of understanding a culture to analyze Joseph Conrad's novel, "Heart of Darkness".
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper takes the approach, used by Clifford Geertz in "Islam Observed", of understanding culture through metaphor. The paper points out that Geertz used man as a metaphor for society and the contradictions within man as a metaphor for the greater contradictions within society. It then goes on to analyze Joseph Conrad's book, "Heart of Darkness", by analyzing the characters in the novel as though they were a metaphor for the different aspects of European society of that period.
From the Paper
"Kurtz figure hangs over the entire novel like an extremely intriguing enigma. Everything we hear about him initially is a positive?he is a man of the utmost learning and the greatest kindness and ability who seems to have gained everyone?s respect. But something about him has gone wrong and something has changed him."
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Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness", 2006.
This paper explores the concepts of good and evil in Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness".
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the darkness in Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" represents an illusion in which certain people are not able to grasp the understanding of life and other human beings. The author points out that it is this inability that makes civilization and the development of society evil. The paper relates that, from this novel, the evil atrocities committed during the white European businessmen's enslavement of native Africans in their search for ivory , are results of being smothered in "the darkness". The author uses the thoughts in Friedrich Nietzsche's "Beyond Good and Evil", to understand the experiences of the character Kurtz to create nothing more and nothing less. The paper concludes that the darkness can be seen as the ultimate origin of evil.
From the Paper
"Kurtz is a man that started as the best trading post manager the Europeans had. He was determined and took control to get the job done better than anyone else, which led him to bring in as much ivory as all the others combined. When Marlow reaches him, Kurtz is no longer affiliated with not only the conquest, but European thought and values altogether. He takes control of a local tribe and in the eyes of the Europeans turns into a savage. Kurtz abandons the values and ideals of European colonial conduct because he is starting to figuratively see the light in the darkness."
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Joseph Conrad?s ?Heart of Darkness?, 2002.
This paper discusses Joseph Conrad?s ?Heart of Darkness? in its context of the colonial history of the Belgium Congo.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Joseph Conrad?s ?Heart of Darkness? in racist terms because of the way Conrad contrasts the civilization of white Britain and the non-civilization of black Africa. The author feels that the character of Marlow is a persona for the Conrad, which he used in several stories and novels. This paper explains that Marlow makes a journey from civilization into the darkest part of Africa to bring back a man named Kurtz who has gone into the interior and shed his civilized exterior to degenerate into a primitive.
From the Paper
"David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary who explored the Congo between 1840 and 1872 and brought the region to the attention of the world when Henry Morton Stanley, a journalist, was commissioned by the New York Herald to conduct a search for him. After this, Belgium's King Leopold II turned his ambitions to the area. At the time, the Congo River basin remained for the most part unknown to Europeans. Leopold II founded the International Association of the Congo, financed by an international consortium of bankers. The north bank of the river had been claimed by France, leading ultimately to the creation of the colony of French Congo. Leopold II sent Stanley to explore the territory, and he sailed up the Congo to Stanleyville (now Kisangani), signing more than 450 treaties on behalf of Leopold II with persons described as local chieftains who had agreed to cede their rights of sovereignty over much of the Congo Basin."
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Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, 2006.
An analysis of a central passage in Joseph Conrad's novella "Heart of Darkness".
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper anaylzes the central passage in Joseph Conrad's novella, "Heart of Darkness", from the scene between Marlow and Kurtz that takes place on the river-boat just prior to Kurtz's death. It is a highly dramatic scene, and one that is open to differing interpretations. The paper attempts to analyze what Marlow believed drove Kurtz to cry out the words, "The horror! The horror! ".
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