| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "JEWISH PERSECUTION CRUSADE": |
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Jewish Persecution during the First Crusade, 2001.
The paper offers an analysis of three primary resources. The three Jewish Chronicles recount the persecution of German Jewish communities during the First Crusade.
628 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 1 source, £ 15.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Jews' behavior during the Crusades as seen through their own actual writings. Quotes are given and numerous examples of how the Jews reacted to the crusading Christians are provided.
From the Paper
"The three chronicles in this book are of historic value because they represent some of the few existing primary sources regarding the events of the first and second Crusades. More importantly, it is a rare occurrence that the victims of war would chronicle the events. Generally, accounts are relayed by the victors, those who feel that their acts of bravery and heroics should be recorded for posterity. Unfortunately, victors and victims alike suffer a great temptation to embellish written accounts to sway public opinion in their favor. This type of sympathy bias, coupled with a strong religious bias is easily discernable throughout the text."
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Jewish Responses to Nazi Persecutions, 1992.
An examination of various actions and reactions to the Holocaust prior to and during WWII.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, £ 49.95
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From the Paper
"This study will discuss the debate over Jewish responses to Nazi persecution in Europe prior to and during World War II and the Holocaust. Some thoughts to be considered will be: "What factors determined Jewish behavior in crisis and extremity?"; "What alternative forms of behavior were possible?"; "In what ways did Jewish behavior differ from that of other groups under Nazi rule?"; "Could Jews have significantly altered their fate in Nazi-occupied Europe?" and; "Why has this become such a passionate issue?"
Perhaps it would be helpful to focus for a moment on the last question first. There is no mass slaughter of human beings in the entire record of the history of the human race which compares with the slaughter of the Jews by Hitler and the Nazis. The very number "six million" immediately conjures up the..."
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Roma Persecution by the Nazis, 2005.
Describes the Nazi persecution of the Gypsies and how history has failed to sufficiently acknowledge this persecution.
2,080 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Nazi Germany's prejudice towards the Roma people, or Gypsies, pointing out that this prejudice has historical roots throughout Europe, and describes Nazi Germany's systematic attempt to exterminate the Gypsy race. The paper also examines how the persecution of the Roma during Nazi Germany's reign has been marginalized in history and how this is yet another form of marginalization that negatively affects the Roma people.
From the Paper
"When most people think of the atrocities of World War II they conceptualize the ethnic cleansing of the Jews from Nazi controlled Europe. Yet, within the context of ethnic cleansing there are also other cultures that were persecuted and killed by the Nazi regime. According to the American Heritage Dictionary the definition of Holocaust is: ?The genocide of European Jews and others by the Nazis during World War II.? Yet, it is left to the individual with continued ability and interest to find out just who the ?others? were. ?Soviet prisoners of war, homosexuals, foreign forced and slave laborers, Poles, Jehovah's Witnesses, Roma (Gypsies), and people in conquered lands. ? Also in this group are those unclassified individuals such as, the poor, beggars, criminals and simply the unemployed, who are given no voice or recognition in history."
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The First Crusade, 1990.
This paper examines the reasons why the kings of European countries did not themselves take part in the First Crusade: Political instability, Pope-king antagonism, dominance of Church, role of princes, People's Crusade and personal gain.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, £ 54.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine the reasons why the kings of European countries did not themselves take part in the First Crusade.
The historical realities in Europe at the time of the First Crusade (1096-1099) were such that disruption and instability reigned, and yet, at the same time, "The West was discovering its own internal balance. This was, admittedly, precarious. There were bitter struggles between pope and emperor for the domination of Italy, uprisings among the great feudal lords in Germany and the great vassals of the French crown, the quarrels of Saxons and Normans in England, and the Christians' fight against the IV Moors in Spain, but none of this could prevent Europe from becoming . . . a collection of peoples belonging to one civilization, the product of Western feudalism and of the ... "
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"The Fourth Crusade", 2004.
A review of "The Fourth Crusade" by Donald Queller and Thomas F. Madden.
1,301 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how "The Fourth Crusade" by Donald Queller and Thomas F. Madden is valuable in its reasoned, articulate description of a confusing and tumultuous time in human history. It looks at how the authors follow the entire period from Pope Innocent III's initial call for a holy war in 1198 to the sacking of Constantinople in 1204. Queller and Madden outline how crucial overestimating the number of crusaders was in the misdirection of the Fourth Crusade. It shows how the book is clearly written, organized, well-researched and, ultimately, valuable in providing an in-depth understanding of the complexities and realities of the often confusing events of the Fourth Crusade.
From the Paper
"Queller and Madden's book covers the periods before, during and after the Fourth Crusade, and is valuable as a thorough description of the events of the Fourth Crusade. The Fourth Crusade, which took place from 1202-1204, was originally intended to conquer Egypt, but ultimately resulted in the conquering of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire in 1204. The book's analysis of the crusades begins with an analysis of Pope Innocent III's 1198 elevation to the papacy. Queller and Madden note the pope, "acutely conscious of his responsibility as the head of Christendom, intended to reassume papal leadership of the holy war," (1) and proclaimed a new crusade in the same year."
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The First Crusade, 2002.
Discusses this Christian Crusade in 1095 and its main focus to reclaim the Holy Land.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
Marching under a proclamation by Pope Urban II, Christians marched in the year 1095 from Western Europe to Jerusalem to reclaim the Holy Land, then under Muslim control. This became known in history as the First Crusade. Several more were to follow, including the infamous Children's Crusade in the year 1212, in which most of the children perished long before reaching the Holy Land, or were sold into slavery after being captured. Our focus will be solely on the First Crusade, its success (or lack of it) and how it was conducted, by whom, etc.
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"The Origin of the Idea of Crusade", 2002.
An analysis of "The Origin of the Idea of Crusade" by Carl Erdmann, translated by Marshall W.Baldwin and Walter Goffart.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the book "The Origin of the Idea of Crusade" by Carl Erdmann and seek to understand the basic theories of the Crusades of the Christian medieval kingdoms. This book promotes its main thesis that the Crusades were formed for the cause of the Church to expand its lands.
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Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade", 2000.
This paper analyzes Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade" as a viable historical source.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Donald Queller's "The Fourth Crusade" to other contemporary books regarding the Fourth Crusade and contrasts between them.
From the Paper
"In The Fourth Crusade, Donald E. Queller describes both the political and financial motives that led to the fourth crusade to Constantinople. Through heavy use of primary sources, the entire journey is told in a story-like fashion. Unfortunately, this story is not one without opinions. The Fourth Crusade is filled with Queller's personal opinions about both the historical event and contemporary historians. While these can sometimes be distracting, they neither take away from the significance of this study nor alter the historical facts. Queller's work, by all means, is one of the better historical studies of the events leading up to the sacking of Constantinople."
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The First Crusade on Europe, 2006.
This paper discusses the economic impact of the First Crusade on Europe.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether the First Crusade was based upon economic motives or upon genuine religious sentiments. The writer highlights that this issue of economic versus religious causes is controversial, but there is a general historical consensus that the First Crusade, initiated by Pope Urban II on November 27, 1095, was primarily motivated by religious fervor and determination to establish Christian control over Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
From the Paper
"For decades, most Western historians considered the First Crusade and subsequent crusades to be colonial ventures based upon economic motives, and dismissed the idea that the Crusades were motivated by genuine religious sentiments. It is only recently that modern scholars have acknowledged that Christian faith may have been the primary motivation, and that the economic advantages Europe gained after the First Crusade were of secondary consideration for the Crusaders."
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Crusade IV, 2003.
An examination of the Fourth Crusade through the writings of Villehardouin.
2,608 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the writings of Villehardouin in, Joinville and Villehardouin, "Chronicles of the Crusades". Great care is taken in examining this work from a militaristic approach with regards to Villehardouin?s merits, biases, and historical accuracy. While a familiarity with the time period and the Fourth Crusade is helpful in gaining full understanding of this work, care has been taken to make the text usable for the layman as well.
From the Paper
"The fourth crusade can be said to begin in 1198 when pope Innocent III encouraged yet another crusade into the holy lands. The merits of this individual crusade make defining an ending date rather hard. Possible dates for ending this crusade could range from its roots in 1201 with the deal struck with the Venetians, to as late as 1311 when the last of the Franks were destroyed by rebellious mercenaries, but most likely falls sometime in between. Villehardouin?s account takes in to consideration the relatively small, but vastly important amount of time from 1198 to 1207. From its onset the crusade seemed to be doomed. Its chosen leader, Theobald of Champagne died before the expedition even began. Of not is that Villehardouin, writing his words years later, doesn?t connect the early misfortunes of the crusaders as signs of its eventual failure, though it is important to note that Villehardouin no where mentions that the crusade was a failure in anyway. Perhaps this is because of the rather abrupt ending to his book which may have been due to his death."
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The First Crusade and European Economics, 2002.
A look at the economic growth in Europe following the First Crusade.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 14 sources, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economic impact of the First Crusade on Europe, especially the Mediterranean. The Muslims and Jews flourished before the Christians declared war to recapture Jerusalem. As a result, many crusades occurred, and economic growth followed due to the increased trade links between Europe and the East. Taxation was introduced, money lending increased, and there was literary progress that lead to greater economic development in Europe.
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The First Crusade - The Reclamation of Christendom, 2002.
An analysis of the First Crusade, which was the first global mobilization of a military force, as well as the first instance of combative regimes between two of the worlds largest religions.
4,742 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper views certain extracts from eye witness accounts of the complexities of the march to and fall of Antioch and Jerusalem and its retainment as the Holy city as the birthplace of Christ and all Christendom in the First Crusade. With an aim of demonstrating the organizational change of the view of the people of the era and correct representation of the facts, two verbose quotations of authoritative figures who were present or involved in the Crusaders are included to aid enlightenment as to the situation from the eyes of observers.
From the Paper
"Pope Urban II dealt with the concept of negating the commandment that ?thy shalt not kill? in relation to what will come of those who fell on the battlefield fighting against the hoards of Moslems to retain Jerusalem. In a statement to the realm of Gaul he said: You have modestly expressed a desire to know whether those who have recently died in war, fighting in defence of the church of God and for the preservation of the Christian religion and of the state, or those who may in 'he future fall in the same cause, may obtain indulgence for their sins. We confidently reply that those who, out of love to the Christian religion, shall die in battle fighting bravely against pagans or unbelievers, shall receive eternal life. For the Lord has said through his prophet: "In whatever hour a sinner shall be converted, I will remember his sins no longer." By the intercession of St. Peter, who has the power of binding and loosing in heaven and on the earth, we absolve, as far as is permissible, all such and commend them by our prayers to the Lord."
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Early Christian Persecution, 2005.
This paper evaluates Christian persecution under the Roman Empire from the first until the third century.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses some aspects of the persecution of Christians under the Roman Empire in the first through third centuries. The paper mainly focuses on the Martyrdom of Polycarp and other writings by Palestinian Bishop Eusebius who wrote in the early fourth century. The paper discusses the persecutions as desperate measures for a declining empire.
From the Paper
"The history of the early Christian Church is complex and multinational, with key events taking place all around the world in the first three centuries of its existence. As is to be expected, one of the most important locations was Palestine, but there were also significant events in northern Africa, Rome and what is today parts of Turkey. The introduction of Christianity was often met with violence and persecution in these areas and this paper will examine some of the elements of the persecutions in the first through the third centuries. Through the Church history of Eusebius of Caesarea, and related secondary sources, we will investigate the changes in Christian persecution in these times and places. Eusebius was probably born in Palestine while it was under Roman rule, in approximately 260AD and wrote into the fourth century, assuming he died around 340."
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Christian Persecution, 2005.
An analysis of Christian persecution in early Rome by Nero.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the persecution of the Christian sect in early Rome as instigated by Nero. The paper suggests that while little doubt exists that Nero attempted to refocus blame of the great fire that decimated Rome from himself to the Christians, some doubt exists about the character and degree of these initial Christian persecutions in the Roman Empire.
From the Paper
"The Christian Persecutions by Nero Many people would like to believe that the persecution of the Christians under Emperor Nero who ruled Rome and the Roman Empire from AD 54 to AD 68 came about because the Christians were considerably fervent in their beliefs and self-sacrifices for the church and its principles. While in fact there were many noble examples of self-sacrifice and martyrdom during the persecution of the Christians in the Roman Empire which began with Nero's persecutions, the unfortunate fact remains they were originally persecuted not for their nobility but for their blame-worthiness as scapegoats for the great fire (Heichelheim 325). "
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