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Battered Immigrant American Iranian Women, 2006.
This paper is a dissertation, including an extensive literature review, about battered immigrant American-Iranian women.
15,450 words (approx. 61.8 pages), 40 sources, APA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the many abuses and violent events that occur toward the American Iranian woman in the process of daily living, immigration and assimilation into a foreign society. The author points out, in the literature review, the customs, which Iranian women are conditioned to in terms of their treatment and their validity as knowledgeable and capable human beings. The paper stresses that immigrant women specifically, those of the Muslim culture, undergo much in the way of abuse and injustice not only in their countries of origination but even more so in their immigration to the United States because the laws and regulations of the United States are not structured in a way that provides protection of the rights of women, who are victims of abuse as well as immigrant women with the many complicating factors of Islamic marriage. The paper includes two statistical tables and several long quotations.
Table of Contents:
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Nature of the Study
Research Instruments
Sampling Methods and Location
Methodology
Significance of the Study
Nature of the Study
Hypotheses/Research Questions
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Scope, Limitations, and Delimitations
Literature Review
Conclusion
Research Methods
From the Paper
"In relation to access to credit, women of color are stated to be as innovative and entrepreneurial as any other group, they face lingering stereotypes and bias that often prevent them from receiving fair and equal access to the bank credit and capital necessary to start up new businesses. In a 1998 study by the National Foundation for Women Business Owners, findings state that less than one-third or 29 percent of women business owners, who are also women of color, surveyed presently have bank credit compared to over one-half or 53% of European American women."
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Iranian Women, 2005.
Tells about women in Iran who rose above oppression to become successful.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the success stories of eight Iranian women who, despite the oppressive policy of the Iranian regime directed against women, became leaders and pioneers in their fields. The paper looks at Professor of English literature, Azar Nafisi Nafisi; progressive Iranian woman author, Shahrnush Parsipur; 2003 Nobel Peace Prize winner, Shirin Ebadi; leading politician, Masoumeh Ebtekar; Olympic participant, Manijeh Kazemi; vice-president of Iran's Olympic Committee, Faezeh Hashemi; NASA scientist Azadeh Tabazadeh; and Iranian-born actress, Shohreh Aghdashloo.
From the Paper
"Equally as impressive as having a woman in the Olympic games from Iran, are the efforts being made by the country?s Olympic Committee?s vice president. Faezeh Hashemi encourages young girls to practice sports such as volleyball and running. This is a great step forward for Iranian women. However, for each step forward in Iran, there seems to be two steps back. Hashemi, was brash enough to start a newspaper for Iranian women?s sports. It was shut down. She also won a seat in parliament only to be soon removed from that seat (Wolff, 2000). Hashemi once again proves that great ideas rise from oppression. However, all too often those dreams are smashed before they come into fruition."
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Women in Iran, 2007.
This paper examines the work status of Iranian women before and after the Islamic Revolution.
2,724 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper, which favorably describes the current Islamic regime in Iran, explores the roles of women in both the religious and work worlds. The author begins by describing the role of women according to the teachings of the Koran. The paper further examines the role of women in Iranian society both before and after the Islamic Revolution. The author concludes by stating Iranian women are progressively getting higher educations and achieving more status in the work place. Ultimately, the author believes women will achieve an influential position in Islamic Iranian society.
Outline:
Introduction and Cultural Background
The Iranian Revolution and the Situation of Women
Women and Employment
Figure 1. Women aged 10 and Above, Employed in Cities and Villages
Figure 2. Literacy Rate of Females Aged 6 and Above (in percentage)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is a general perception in the West that the ethical treatment of women in Islamic countries amounts to gender discrimination, oppression and a transgression of basic human rights. This view does not conform to the foundational Islamic teaching. This can be seen from the very outset in the way that the Koran describes the creation of women. In the Holy Scriptures there is no implicit difference made in terms of status or intrinsic value between male and female. In ethical terms, while there are obvious differences between men and women, these gender differences do not impact or affect ethical values and treatment of women. Men and women are seen to be essentially the same in terms of relative value and status. "Despite the distinctions between the treatment of men and the treatment of women when the Qur'an discusses creation of humankind ...there is no essential difference in the value attributed to women and men. There are no indications, therefore, that women have more or fewer limitations than men." (Wadud 15) "
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Women In the Arab World, 1999.
Examines social, marital and political roles, focusing on Iranian and Palestinian women. Discusses Islamic restrictions, social ethics, laws, economics, dress code, feminism and rights.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 13 sources, £ 73.95
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Abstract
"The status of women in the Arab world has remained virtually unchanged for the past century. Whereas Western women benefitted from a liberation movement in the twentieth century that elevated their status in the home and society, the Arabic culture continues to encourage the oppression of women.
From the Paper
"The status of women in the Arab world has remained virtually unchanged for the past century. Whereas Western women benefitted from a liberation movement in the twentieth century that elevated their status in the home and society, the Arabic culture continues to encourage the oppression of women. Arab society is largely patriarchal, which means whether it be government or the family, women's discrimination begins in the home and continues throughout school and marriage. Unfortunately, only a few women find the courage to fight back against a society that punishes them for the simple fact of being a woman. The main impediment to Arab women's progress is Islam; religious law governs the most important aspects of women's lives. Although there is a great degree of diversity of social conditions in the Arab world, the experience of Iranian and Palestinian women illustrates the ..."
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Women in Iran, 2007.
A discussion of Mahnaz Kousha's research on women in Iranian society.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explores sociologist Mahnaz Kousha's research in "Voices from Iran: The Changing Lives of Iranian Women" to present an assessment of women's status in Iran today. The paper examines both the challenges that remain as well as the advances that women have achieved throughout the years. The paper also employs a cultural relativist approach to explore how Iranian women are able to exercise power and exert influence via traditional cultural practices.
From the Paper
"Westerners, including western feminists often have a stereotyped version of women in Iran. Iranian women are often painted in various stages of "oppression." They are required to cover themselves up, do not enjoy equal political, legal, or economic rights, and are subject to the authority of their fathers or husbands. While there is a grain of truth to many of these images, they paint an incomplete picture of the status of Iranian women today."
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Women, Islam And Iran, 2002.
Discusses Islamic doctrine and the role of women.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, £ 67.95
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Abstract
Discusses Islamic doctrine and the role of women. The Iranian Revolution and the lesser public role for women. Rise of fundamentalists. Pious women and gender-specific ideas of their place in Iranian society. Religious practices. Patriarchal view. Marginalization of women. Iranian women working in government agencies. Emergence of feminism. Shi'ia law and marriage.
From the Paper
"Women, Islam and Iran
The Iranian revolution created a government which has been characterized as modern, nationalist, and Islamic-centered and as one which relegates women to a lesser public role and has deprived them of their traditional influence over private family matters (Yaganeh, 1993). Islamic doctrine expressly regards certain matters such as participation in the educational system and family upbringing as women?s work. Islam also posits a major role for women in prayer and in transmitting the religious, moral, and ethical precepts of Islam itself to successive generations.
However, one critic, Nahid Yeganeh (1993) has suggested that women?s status and their rights in the political, familial, and religious spheres have decreased since the Iranian revolution of 1979."
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"Gender Equality in Iranian History", 2008.
A review of "Gender Equality in Iranian History - from Pre-Islamic Times to the Present (2006)" by Minoo Derayeh.
2,099 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 0 sources, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the book "Gender Equality in Iranian History - from Pre-Islamic Times to the Present (2006)" by Minoo Derayeh is written in a methodical, clear manner, explaining how Iranian society and women's experience altered sharply with the 1979 Islamic Revolution. It looks at how the book can be considered an effective guide that promises an account of a radical departure from centuries of pre-Islamic and Muslim women's history.
From the Paper
"The fourth chapter on modernity and tradition notes a number of issues concerning Sunni vs. Shiite Islam, how the hijab was adopted or ignored in Iranian society, as time went on, the veil in Iran explained as a custom that indicated class membership in the beginning - a reality that Western feminists often miss, in a preoccupation with covering the head as somehow indicative of oppression, even though Western women wore hats two generations ago in religious settings or as signs of respectability. On a more amusing note, such scholars need to live in warm climates without covering the head to sense the aesthetic and practical appeal of the veil, the plight of the Iranian poor woman unable to cover herself plain. Much later, the veil became attached to Islamic ideology, a pre-Islamic convention attributed to female religiosity and modesty by the regime of 1979. "
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Women in Persian Fiction, 2003.
An analysis of how Iranian men fought for women?s rights through their courageous writing.
1,434 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how women have a difficult life in Iran and how no one is allowed to discuss it or try to do something about women?s rights in fear of being killed. It looks at how certain Iranian writers have spoken out about women?s suffrage through their writing, disguising their political opinions through fiction, and how symbols and hidden meanings brought these painful issues to light. It deals with the roles these women play in Persian/Iranian fiction, how these roles show how women were treated in Iran, and how the writers brought these problems to light.
From the Paper
"Also, to degrade women from the start, women are called ?za'ifa,? which means ?weakling?. (Jamalzadeh). That further indicates that women are dependent creatures not worthy of human status or respect. They are not strong like men, so they are not capable of doing work. Not in one story was it written that a woman was working outside the home. It becomes common knowledge that these ?weaklings? are only good for domestic chores, and from Story with a Result by Sadeq Hedayat where the wife doesn?t know how to make bread and flirts with another man while she is hanging the laundry, it would seem that these women cannot even do the domestic chores correctly. It could be interpreted that women cannot be depended on to do anything of value, inside or outside the home."
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Iranian Cinema, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of Iranian cinema especially the period after the revolution.
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that, although cinema has not always been a part of Iranian culture, its growth was slow yet steady in a country ruled by Islamic rules and regulations. The author points out that the Islamic Revolution of 1979 brought an end to the already slowing cinema industry of Iran; theatres were destroyed believing they were symbolic of moral decay that had plagued the society. The paper relates that, after the revolution, the situation of the Iranian cinema gradually improved especially as women began to experience more freedom and interaction rules were relaxed; women became directors resulting in some famous movies including "Rakhshan Bani'etemad's Kharej AZ mahdudeh" ('Off Limits', 1987) and Nargess' "Tahmineh Milani's Tazeh cheh khabar" ('What's New?' 1992).
Table of Contents
An Introduction to Iran
Brief Overview of Cinema in Iran
Iranian Cinema after the Revolution
From the Paper
"The first film ever made in Iran was a silent movie produced in 1921 and talkies came later in 1933 when first sound movie Dokhtar-e-Lur came out. This marked the beginning of Iranian industry which was technically inferior to many advanced film industries of the world. While the industry was suffering because of lack of technical expertise, audience's appetite for foreign films didn't help the situation either. Most theaters therefore screened foreign films only and Iran rarely produced any movies for first fifty years. By 1947, Iran had produced only 2 films, in 1952 the number reached 20, by 1962 it increased to 30 and in 1971, Iran had produced 88 films. In 1977, the number of domestic films came down to 50 while foreign films during that period totaled 504."
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The Iranian Revolution, 2003.
A discussion of whether the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that can also be labeled the ?Iranian Islamic Revolution?.
1,394 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes whether the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that brought about the end of the Pahlavi dynasty, can also be described as the ?Iranian Islamic Revolution?. It examines how, for over two decades, political analysts and theorists have attempted not only to identify its causes but the very nature of the motives behind the revolution. It evaluates how the addition of the word ?Islamic? implies an unquestionable religious nature to the events leading to the abdication of a once thought indestructible monarch and looks at the events leading up to the revolution.
From the Paper
"Political alienation of the masses from state policy reached a climax when the Shah eliminated Iran?s two-party system in March 1975 in favor of a more easily controlled one-party system. The objective in the creation of the Rastakhiz (Resurgence) party and its actual accomplishments are rather contradictory. While its aim was to promote Iranian nationalism and further secure the state within society, the ?Resurgence party weakened the whole regime, cut the monarchy further off from the country, and intensified resentment among diverse groups.? The resentment built up by this situation of political exclusion coinciding with inequitable economic development (i.e. uneven income distribution) spells disaster for any regime, according to Abrahamian?such was the case for the Pahlavi dynasty."
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Iranian-Israeli Ethnicity, 2001.
A look at how Iranian Jews address their ethnicity in Israel.
2,997 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether the religion or ethnicity of a person has first place in one's identity. The following answers the above question in the case of Iranian Jews in Israel. It examines how this ethnic group has assimilated itself within Israeli society, and if it has continued to identify in any manner with its Iranian background. It presents a history of Iranian Jewish culture and how it has developed over the years depending on the ruling powers in Iran. Finally, a look at two prominent Israelis of Iranian heritage, Israeli President Moshe Katsav and Israeli Chief of Staff Shaul Mofaz, is conducted.
From the Paper
"Before examining Iranian Jews within Israel, it is helpful to take a general look at the history of Iranian Jews in order to better understand the circumstances for their departure from Iran. The Jewish community of Persia, modern-day Iran, is one of the oldest in the Diaspora, and its historical roots reach back to the 6th B.C.E., the time of the First Temple. Their history in the pre-Islamic period is intertwined with that of the Jews of neighboring Babylon. Cyrus, the first Achaemid emperor, conquered Babylon in 539 B.C.E. and permitted by special decree the return of the Jewish exiles to the Land of Israel, thus ending the First Exile. The Jewish colonies were scattered from centers in Babylon to Persian provinces and cities such as Hamadan and Susa. The books of Esther, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Daniel give a favorable description of the relationship of the Jews to the court of the Achaemids in Susa."
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Iranian Revolution, 2005.
This paper examines the Iranian Revolution of 1979's causes and impact upon the Middle East.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that while few events in the history of the modern Middle East have provoked more interest and controversy than the Iranian Revolution of 1979, there remains considerable debate among historians and analysts regarding how this momentous event should be understood in the larger tapestry of the region's history For example, the paper discusses how while in the early years of the Revolution commentators tended to emphasize how radical and revolutionary was the new Iranian state dominated by religious officials, mullahs, more recent studies have emphasized how geopolitical factors have tended to mitigate the impact of the Revolution and direct Iranian foreign policy.
From the Paper
"While few events in the history of the modern Middle East have provoked more interest and controversy than the Iranian Revolution of 1979, there remains considerable debate among historians and analysts regarding how this momentous event should be understood in the larger tapestry of the region's history. For example, while in the early years of the Revolution commentators tended to emphasize how radical and revolutionary was the new Iranian state dominated by religious officials (mullahs), more recent studies have emphasized how geopolitical factors have tended to mitigate the impact of the Revolution and direct Iranian foreign policy in a manner consistent with its long-term historical pattern (Esposito and Piscatori, 1-2)."
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The Iranian Hostage Crisis, 2005.
This paper analyzes both Carter and Reagan's Iranian hostage crisis policies.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, £ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that comparing and contrasting the Iranian hostage crisis policies of the Carter and Reagan administrations, reveals a veritable host of contrasts between Republicans and Democrats. This is especially in terms of their contrasting political ideologies, foreign policy agendas and respective self-images. The paper discusses how the responses of Carter and Reagan to the Iranian hostage crisis also demonstrated the significant impact foreign crises have on domestic electoral politics. The paper stresses how both men understood that the responses they advocated would have a decisive effect on the 1980 presidential election.
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Causes of the Iranian Revolution, 2003.
Long and short-term causes of the Iranian revolution are examined.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines long- and short-term causes of the Iranian revolution, with emphasis on why Shia Islam became the vehicle for revolutionary aspirations. The paper presents the Iranian background and the growth of Western influence. It examines the rise of Islamic fundamentalism., the Shah of Iran and the Ayatollah Khomeini.
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