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The Iran Revolution of 1979, 2008.
This paper discuses the events leading to the Iran Revolution of 1979.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1979, millions of Iranians succeeded in ousting Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1941-1979), the Shah of Iran. The author points out that, while the Shah was known as a 'darling to the West', he tried to authoritarianly modernize too rapidly and did not adapt his political institutions sufficiently to the economic and social changes he had brought about. The paper relates that, inspired by hopes for democracy, economic prosperity for all classes, gender equality and a leadership that would not allow Iranian culture to be swallowed up by Western values, many Iranian women joined the rebellion. The author reports that the world was surprised by the Iranian Revolution, which was led by Ayatollah Rudolph Khomeini in exile in Paris. The paper relates that the Muslims believed that the modern age was 20th century remake of the Jahiliyya of ancient times that had to be destroyed as Mohammed the prophet had destroyed its predecessor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Let's take a look at the historical elements that lead up to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Post World War II created a very different world. Colonial (English, French, Dutch, and other) control of much of the Mid-East, Asia, Africa, South American (the Third World) was on the wane. Two superpowers emerged, the United States and the USSR (Russia). The USSR leaving regimes were based on a military government with socialist tendencies and a strong tribal, regional or ethnic minority base; this was the case in Algeria, Syria, Iraq, South Yemen and Egypt."
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The Islamic Revolution of 1979, 2006.
A review of the history and impact of the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed exploration of the Islamic revolution of 1979 in Iran. The paper reviews and examines the events leading up to the revolution, discusses the revolution and analyzes the impact it has had on Iran to date. The paper concludes with a theory regarding the dangers of replacing an unpopular leader.
Outline:
Introduction
Before the Revolution
Then and Now
The Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On January 16, 1979 the Prime Minister demanded that the Shah leave his post of power and step aside for a new regime.
The Shah faced with the growing anger against him and fearing a violent confrontation did as he was told. While it was not an official violent and forcible overthrow of his regime it has been viewed by many as an overthrow as he believed he had no choice but to vacate as ordered or face a violent confrontation.
Once this happened Imam Khomeini was immediately asked to return from years of exile and take the lead of the nation. He was asked to create a Vatican like state. He was also called to help preserve the constitution which was at risk immediately following the revolution. In addition, he was asked to promise free elections to the people so that they would be able to have a voice in who and how their government would be run in the future(Iran's Revolution http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution).
He ignored those requests, even from the very people who assisted in exiling the Shah and returning him to power, and instead chose to institute an interim government of his own that he chose and handpicked. "
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Popular Revolution in China and Iran, 2005.
An analysis of the background and ideology of the 1949 Communist Revolution in China and the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the 1949 Chinese Communist Revolution with the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution. It provides a detailed analysis of the background history and politics of each revolution, the main people involved and the final results of two of the most significant revolutions of the 20th century.
From the Paper
"The 20th century was one of worldwide revolution. Every continent experienced at least one revolution during this time, and these greatly affected the world as we know it today. Two revolutions - the Chinese Communist Revolution of 1949 and the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979 - were particularly important. Both of these revolutions introduced new elements of change to nations dominated at the time by pro-Western influences. Mao empowered the rural peasantry in China to rise up against the Kuomintang elite and to seek a utopian and egalitarian Socialist society."
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1979 Iranian Revolution, 1999.
Causes and effects, politics, economics, religion, leadership of the Shah vs. Khomeini, riots, repression, demographics and the U.S. hostage crisis.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
The Iranian revolution of 1979 had its roots in long-standing dissatisfaction with the ruling Persian royal house, economic dislocation, rapid cultural and historical change, the regional position that the country held and its relationship with the West.
From the Paper
The Iranian revolution of 1979 had its roots in long-standing dissatisfaction with the ruling Persian royal house, economic dislocation, rapid cultural and historical change, the regional position that the country held and its relationship with the West. This paper examines the historical background of that war, examining how it came about and discussing what its consequences have been so far for the country and people of Iran.
Any event as dramatic as that of the Iranian revolution has deep roots, and whatever point in history one selects as the moment when the revolution became inevitable must be both arguable and artificial. But the underlying reasons for the revolution must be laid at least in large measure on the actions of Reza Shah, the father of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, the shah who ..."
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Soviet Foreign Policy in Iran 1945-1979, 2005.
A paper on the political and economic developments between Iran and the Soviet Union.
5,075 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 90.95
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Abstract
This study examines earlier Soviet Union foreign policy towards Iran. The paper looks at how Soviet foreign policy grew and, at times, declined through economic cooperation with Iran from 1945-1979. Particular emphasis is shifted away from Cold War stances and upon nation to nation growth. An outline of the study is appended to the paper.
From the Paper
"James Harlon Williams characterizes Soviet foreign policy in the Persian Gulf region as a "product of historical experience." Historically, it followed a pattern or strategy of "expansion, consolidation, and preservation." As Imperial Russia expanded its borders during the course of the Great Game in Asia, it emerged as the most powerful Continental power in Central Asia. Quickly thereafter, Russia moved to consolidate and preserve that power through political shoving matches with Great Britain. While the Russians significantly pushed their borders southwards towards Iran, the British countered Russian influence in order to protect British India. The idea of Iran as a "buffer" state acted as the way the British used Iran to prevent Russian penetration towards the Persian Gulf. Since the British resisted a stronger Russian presence in the Gulf, Russia employed a series of proxy conflicts while averting war with Britain. Playing a game of power politics dominated Russian and British diplomacy. From the mid-19th to the early 20th centuries both sides asserted their political dominance in Iran. Their goal was to dominate the enemy as much as possible yet averting war at all costs. Engaging in a head to head war would not be beneficial to either Russia or Great Britain from an economic and military perspective. In doing so, the tsar abandoned hopes of obtaining a warm water port in the Gulf."
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U.S. Policy Toward Iran and Iran, 1999.
Examines the evolution from the 1960s-90s. Discusses leadership, Cold War and the Balance of Power ideologies, the Iran-Iraq War, terrorism, the Persian Gulf War, dual containment and economic issues.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 26 sources, £ 95.95
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Abstract
This research discusses the evolution of American foreign policy toward Iraq and Iran in recent decades. In the 1970s, the United States relied chiefly on Iran, which it supported with economic and military aid to maintain its interests in the region.
From the Paper
"AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD IRAQ AND IRAN
Introduction
This research discusses the evolution of American foreign policy toward Iraq and Iran in recent decades. In the 1970s, the United States relied chiefly on Iran, which it supported with economic and military aid to maintain its interests in the region. After the Khomeini Revolution of 1979 and during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988, it played Iraq and Iran against each other but, as time went by, shifted most of its support to Iraq. During the Persian Gulf War, the United States marshalled a powerful coalition war effort against the Iraqis but stopped short of marching on Baghdad and toppling Saddam Hussein for fear of shifting the power balance in the central Middle East to Iran. Since 1993, the Clinton administration has pursued a policy of ..."
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The Iranian Revolution, 2005.
This paper explores the causes of the Iranian Revolution of 1979.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 6 sources, £ 107.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the significance of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and attempts to critically discern its causes. The paper demonstrates how this task is complicated by the array of political, religious and social interests that have attempted to represent the Revolution in different ways in support of their individual agendas. The paper, however, argues that while there are many causal factors behind the Revolution of 1979, three causes dominate over all of these factors.
From the Paper
"Few events in the recent history of the Middle East have had such a profound impact upon history as the 1979 Iranian Revolution. This revolution, which toppled the regime of the American ally Shah and replaced it with a theocratic state, not only altered the geopolitical network of alliances that governed relations between Middle Eastern states during the Cold War years, but also radically altered the fundamental basis of relations between Shia and Sunni Muslims across the region. Moreover, in the West the dominant role played by the Ayatollah Khomeini in the revolution altered perceptions of Islam and gave rise to a negative stereotype of Islamic fundamentalism."
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The Iranian Revolution, 2003.
A discussion of whether the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that can also be labeled the ?Iranian Islamic Revolution?.
1,394 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes whether the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that brought about the end of the Pahlavi dynasty, can also be described as the ?Iranian Islamic Revolution?. It examines how, for over two decades, political analysts and theorists have attempted not only to identify its causes but the very nature of the motives behind the revolution. It evaluates how the addition of the word ?Islamic? implies an unquestionable religious nature to the events leading to the abdication of a once thought indestructible monarch and looks at the events leading up to the revolution.
From the Paper
"Political alienation of the masses from state policy reached a climax when the Shah eliminated Iran?s two-party system in March 1975 in favor of a more easily controlled one-party system. The objective in the creation of the Rastakhiz (Resurgence) party and its actual accomplishments are rather contradictory. While its aim was to promote Iranian nationalism and further secure the state within society, the ?Resurgence party weakened the whole regime, cut the monarchy further off from the country, and intensified resentment among diverse groups.? The resentment built up by this situation of political exclusion coinciding with inequitable economic development (i.e. uneven income distribution) spells disaster for any regime, according to Abrahamian?such was the case for the Pahlavi dynasty."
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Iranian Revolution, 2005.
This paper examines the Iranian Revolution of 1979's causes and impact upon the Middle East.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that while few events in the history of the modern Middle East have provoked more interest and controversy than the Iranian Revolution of 1979, there remains considerable debate among historians and analysts regarding how this momentous event should be understood in the larger tapestry of the region's history For example, the paper discusses how while in the early years of the Revolution commentators tended to emphasize how radical and revolutionary was the new Iranian state dominated by religious officials, mullahs, more recent studies have emphasized how geopolitical factors have tended to mitigate the impact of the Revolution and direct Iranian foreign policy.
From the Paper
"While few events in the history of the modern Middle East have provoked more interest and controversy than the Iranian Revolution of 1979, there remains considerable debate among historians and analysts regarding how this momentous event should be understood in the larger tapestry of the region's history. For example, while in the early years of the Revolution commentators tended to emphasize how radical and revolutionary was the new Iranian state dominated by religious officials (mullahs), more recent studies have emphasized how geopolitical factors have tended to mitigate the impact of the Revolution and direct Iranian foreign policy in a manner consistent with its long-term historical pattern (Esposito and Piscatori, 1-2)."
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The Iranian Revolution, 2000.
How the Iranian revolution of 1979 followed the pattern laid out in Crane Brinton's book, "An Anatomy of a Revolution".
3,800 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 73.95
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From the Paper
"Iran is a country located in the Middle East. The main source of income for the country is oil, the one object that had greatly influenced its history. Iran's present government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, cabinet, judicial branch, and Majilesor or legislative branch, makes up the governmental positions. A revolution that overthrew the monarch, which was set in 1930, lasted over 15 years. Crane Brinton's book, An Anatomy of a Revolution, explains set of four steps a country experiences when a revolution occurs. Symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence are the steps that occur. The Iranian Revolution followed the four steps in Crane Brinton's theory, symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence occurred. "
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Perceptions of the Iranian Revolution, 1999.
Compares the views of Westerners and Islamic observers on the origins of the 1979 revolution, religious, political and economic aspects, populism, bureaucracy and the failure of the West to foresee the revolution.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, £ 84.95
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Abstract
The Iranian Revolution took place in 1979 but could be foreseen in some form several years before that. Much of the world misunderstood the nature of the regime of the Shah of Iran before the revolution and not surprisingly has misunderstood the nature of the revolution itself.
From the Paper
"The Iranian Revolution took place in 1979 but could be foreseen in some form several years before that. Much of the world misunderstood the nature of the regime of the Shah of Iran before the revolution and not surprisingly has misunderstood the nature of the revolution itself. For the United States, one reason for this myopia may have been the fact that the monarchy had been restored by a CIA aided coup in 1953, after which Reza Shah Pahlavi had used Iran's oil revenues to finance the rapid modernization of his country and the purchase of American arms. Nixon viewed Iran as a U.S. surrogate in the Persian Gulf, and as late as 1977, President Carter praised the Shah for making Iran "an island of stability." It is clear that American intelligence services failed to detect or underestimated the widespread..."
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The Iranian Revolution, 1996.
Two essays discussing different aspects of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. One examines the historical background of the revolution, the other analyzes events through breakdown/discontent & resource mobilization theories.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, £ 61.95
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From the Paper
"Contrary to popular western misconceptions, the Iranian Revolution of the late 1970s was remarkable in that it was driven by a broad coalition of classes and groups within Iran; each with various political, economic, social, and religious agendas. These groups were relatively unified in their goal of toppling the Shah due to his heavy handed, and dictatorial style of rule. Additionally, these various groups and organizations were intensely dissatisfied with restrictions on access to the political process, the tight concentration of Iran's huge oil revenues into the hands of a very small, elite group orbiting around the Shah, as well as a growing perception that Iran was becoming too westernized and had lost her grounding in Iranian traditional values."
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Economic Reform in China, 2005.
Discusses economic reform and entrepreneurial revolution in China since 1979.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses economic reform and entrepreneurial revolution in China since 1979. Reforms oriented toward free trade and open markets in the Communist government are discussed, as well as changes in China's political ideology due to economic pressures. The paper also highlights historical background and political problems.
From the Paper
"At issue in the present study is the entrepreneurial revolution occurring in China, a revolution based on economic reforms oriented toward free trade and open markets that is paradoxically the product of ..."
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Iran's Foreign Policy, 2007.
An analysis of Iran's foreign policy with regard to its regional support and relations with the United States.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of Iran's foreign policy since the fall of the Shah and the Iranian Revolution in 1979. It particularly focuses on its regional influence and its support for terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad and Hamas. The paper then discusses Iran's relations with the United States, particularly following September 11.
Table of Contents:
After the Revolution
Who Makes Iran's Foreign Policy?
The Changing Directions of Iran's Foreign Policy
The US-Iran Relations in the Post 9/11 Scenario
Iran's Support for Terrorist Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The moderate former President Khatami tried to improve Iran's relations with the US as Iran even encouraged its allies in Afghanistan to co-operate with the Americans the Taliban regime after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The relations again turned sour as President Bush declared Iran as part of the "axis of evil." For a short while after the US invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the Iranian regime seemed to be intimidated at the prospect of a similar pre-emptive operation by the US against Iran (Schwartz). The fear was reflected in its sudden start of negotiations with the EU on ending Iran's nuclear program. The window of opportunity was, however, lost when the US insisted on a regime change and the determined insurgency in Iraq took root. The marked difference in behavior of the US against states that had nuclear capability (e.g., North Korea) and those which did not, also convinced the Iranians about the advantage of acquiring a nuclear deterrence; hence the current stand-off on the Iranian nuclear program between Iran and US."
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