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Investment Portfolio Creation, 2002.
This paper discusses investment portfolio creation and the framework used in investment selection, the Efficient Market Theory (EMT).
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that investors must consider their age, marital status, short/long-term goals, years to retirement, and most especially, tolerance for risk. The author describes the Efficient Market Theory as stating that financial market prices fully, and virtually, instantaneously reflect all relevant and available information; therefore, the investor should seek to maximize the diversification in his portfolio. The paper recommends and gives details of various Vanguard money market funds. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Assumptions
General Theoretical Framework
The Efficient Market Theory
Discussion of the Portfolio
Why Vanguard and Not Another Company?
Final Comments on Efficient Markets
From the Paper
"As the bulk of available capital is invested with Vanguard, the fair question is: Why not another fund company? After all, there are hundreds of fund choices available. And in terms of size, Fidelity certainly ranks among the largest and the most established. The short answer is that Vanguard is probably the only fund company that specifically offers a wide range of funds, which can be categorized as index funds. Also, in keeping with the efficient market theory and passive investment (along with low expense ratios), Vanguard stands out as the premier provider of efficient market-type funds. By contrast, Fidelity only lists eight total index funds: Four-in-One Index Fund, Spartan 500 Index Fund, Spartan Ext market Index, Spartan Intl Index, Spartan Total Market, Index, Spartan U.S. Equity Index, and U.S. Bond Index Fund (Fidelity Index Funds). Furthermore, the expense ratios of all of the above Fidelity funds are in most cases more than double that of Vanguard."
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Carlos Fuentes: The Creation and Re-Creation of Social Reality, 2002.
This paper provides an analysis of the writings of Carlos Fuentes and explores the creation and re-creation of social reality in his works.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that Fuentes used his writing as an opportunity to create and re-create the social reality of the lives of the people of Mexico as they shaped and continue to influence the development and history of their country. In order to establish this thesis more fully, the following works of Fuentes are examined: "Aura" (1965), "The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World" (1992), and "The Years with Laura Diaz" (2000). Initially, an overview is provided of Fuentes' thoughts on writing and his use of writing in documenting the lives of Mexicans and the history of Mexico, his homeland. This is followed by a discussion of Fuentes' works as each illustrates his efforts to construct and re-construction Mexico?s reality through the lives of her people.
From the Paper
"Through his writing, Fuentes has assumed a commitment for insuring that his readers as well as himself take responsibility for reconceptualizing the manner in which they perceive both the past and present of Mexico. His desire to accomplish this task is clearly documented by Fuentes himself when he provided the following description of the role of Latin America within history: "To restore some kind of tragic consciousness ...to make the United States understand that memory counts--that there is history, and that it does not renew itself every 24 hours when Dan Rather appears on the set" (as cited in Lippard, 1990, p. 6). As is evidenced within this statement, Fuentes presents a challenge to himself as a writer as well as to his readers to recognize that the social construction of reality that may be presented to us in the world around us may not be an accurate representation of reality and history as it truly exists."
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Investment Enhancement, 2005.
An analysis of international portfolio diversification and alternative investment vehicles as methods to enhance an investment portfolio.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the numerous strategies and techniques that exist in which an investor may enhance his or her investment portfolio. It looks at simple and complex techniques. The paper focuses on international portfolio diversification and alternative investment vehicles as methods to use in order to reduce risk while maximizing a portfolio's performance.
Outline:
International Portfolio Diversification
Alternative Investment Vehicles
Convertible securities
Use of Derivative Securities
Conclusion
From the Paper
"International Portfolio Diversification is a viable strategy in terms of maximizing the performance of an investment portfolio. According to Bruno Solnik, "A well-diversified international portfolio can achieve the same risk-reduction benefits as a pure U.S. portfolio that is twice the size in terms of securities." (Solnik, 1974, pp. 48-54) The ability to minimize unsystematic risk with a much smaller portfolio certainly makes sense. Additionally, while many people view international investments as inherently risky, this risk may be diversified away just as easily as with U.S. securities."
"Another appealing fact when considering international portfolio diversification is that international securities may not be subject to some of the same systematic risks as securities in the United States. An unforeseen negative event in the local markets may have no effect on an international security; and may in fact have just the opposite effect. Granted, certain systematic risks may be common to multiple, or all, countries; however, by diversifying internationally, an investor is further hedging against risks that may be particular to a given country or region."
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The Investment Banking Industry, 2005.
This paper describes the players, process and instruments of the investment banking industry.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that issuers of securities and investors are the two major players in the investment banking industry. The author points out that investment bankers usually act as intermediaries by advising and assisting corporations in issuing securities and often underwrite the issues by purchasing the instruments directly from the firm and reselling them to the public. The paper relates that the public purchases securities to add to their investment portfolios. The author discuses that investors have numerous instruments from which to choose, depending on factors such as risk tolerance, personal preference and tax considerations. The paper states that stocks and bonds are among the most prominent of investment vehicles; however, instruments such as treasury bills and certificates of deposit (CDs) are also used to construct well-diversified portfolios.
Table of Contents
Investment Banking Process
Asset Classes
Capital Market Instruments
Portfolio Recommendation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Certificates of Deposit are time deposits held at banks. When the term of the CD ends, banks pay interest and principal to the depositor. Though terms vary widely, short-term CDs are the most marketable. Unlike many other investments, CDs are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); which provides a reasonable trade-off between risk and return. Derivatives are financial arrangements that are derived from other benchmarks. Including items such as currency, mortgages, and stocks, derivatives are loved or loathed depending on the investor."
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Investment Analysis, 2004.
This paper discusses the issues that are important in investing in securities and reviews the author?s portfolio.
4,355 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that, to protect the individual investor from significant losses, an investor should select stocks in different industries. The author points out that the major influences on a stock's safety ranking are the company's financial strength as measured by balance sheet, the company?s key financial ratios, and the stability of its price over the past five years. The paper reviews and makes recommendation for revision of the author?s investment portfolio, which included Home Depot (HD), a retail hard goods sector; Sysco (SYY), a provider of food and beverage products to the hospitality industry; Dupont (DD, primarily a science company, American Express (AXP), a world leader of financial services and Sunoco (Sun), the U.S. based manufacturer of petroleum and petrochemical products.
Table of Contents
Risk, Reward, Risk Tolerance, their effects on the Time to Retirement
Diversity as a Minimization of Ris.
Timeliness Rank
Safety Rank
Technical Rank
Price/Earnings Ratios
Target Price Range
Portfolio Review
Sysco Corporation
Recent Company History
Key Indicators
Portfolio Performance
Sunoco
Stock Holding Performance
Dupont
Stock Holding
Home Depot
Key Indicators
Stock Holding
American Express
Key Indicators
Portfolio Analysis
From the Paper
"The integer rankings on this graph do not have any specific monetary value, nor is the risk to reward potential line necessarily a smooth sloped line. This representation is drawn to demonstrate one of the most important aspects of investing. When an investment has a higher risk factor, when it is more speculative in nature, the potential for return is greater than an investment, which has a lower potential risk. The same relationship is true regarding risk of loss. The higher the level of risk in any investment, the potential is greater the investor to suffer an unexpected loss. For this reason, each investor must determine two important aspects before entering the investment market place."
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Risk and Investment, 2006.
An evaluation of the factors impacting risk and return on stock portfolios.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper studies how a hypothetical stock broker managing a diverse stock portfolio would evaluate the risks and return on his clients' various investments. The paper provides a valuation and analysis of individual securities and a valuation of CAPM and APT models to estimate the value of securities; discusses possible problems related to the models; explores diversification and selection of a portfolio of securities; and details the risks and returns of the portfolio.
Development of a Basic Model
Some Problems
Diversification
Portfolio Selection
Risks and Returns
From the Paper
"What does a reliable fund manager have to do today to ensure that his clients will obtain a realistic picture of the risks and returns of investing in his portfolio? The first part of the investment decision process involves the valuation and analysis of individual securities, which is referred to as security analysis. The valuation of securities is a time consuming and a difficult job. First of all, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the various securities ad the factors that affect them. Secondly a valuation model is applied to these securities to estimate their price or value. Value is a function of the expected future returns on a security and the risk attached. Both of these parameters must be estimated and brought together in a model. For bonds, the valuation process is relatively easy, because the returns are known and the risk can be approximated from currently available data. Interest rates are primary factor affecting bond prices, but no one can consistently forecast changes in these rates. The valuation process is much more difficult for common stocks than for bonds because the investor must deal with the overall economy, the industry, and the individual company; both the expected return and the risk of common stocks must be estimated. The secondary major component of decision process is portfolio management. After securities have been evaluated, a portfolio should be selected. Having built a portfolio, the astute investor must consider how and when revising it. If the investor pursues an active strategy, the issue of market efficiency must be considerated; if prices reflect information quickly and fully, investors should consider how this will affect their buy and sell decisions. Even if investors follow a passive strategy, questions to be considered include taxes, transaction costs,and maintenance of the desired risk level, and so on."
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The Creation Myth "Popol Vuh": Maya Book of Creation, 2000.
A look at the Maya creation story which can be found in the "Popol Vuh", and acts as a window into the religious, secular, psychological, and environmental life of the Maya people.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, £ 38.95
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From the Paper
"Universal to virtually every human culture is the "Creation Myth or Story." A myth or story created by humans in an attempt to explain the creation, purpose, and existence of life. For the Maya, this creation story can be found in the Popol Vuh. Not only does the Popol Vuh recount the Maya creation story, but it also is a window into the religious, secular, psychological, and environmental life of the Maya people. This view can be applied to both the individual and the society and it also encompasses the cosmic world, the earth, and the underworld..... "
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Stocktrak Investments Challenge, 2008.
An MBA level Stocktrak stock market investment project named "The JICAN Fund".
4,190 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 24 sources, MLA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the JICAN Fund investment project, explaining the overall investment strategy, the primary factors considered when formulating the investment strategy, and the approach taken to accurately assess the performance of the Fund. The paper also discusses total risk and recommendations if JICAN Fund is being considered as a sole investment or as part of a bigger portfolio of investments. Lastly, the paper discusses the key lessons learned from the project which include that diversification is crucial for successful portfolio management and that asset allocation plays the primary role in determining the portfolio return when compared to securities selection or market timing.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Portfolio Investment Strategy
Investment Strategy
Strategic Asset Allocation
Systematic Security Selection and Market Timing
Risk Controls and Realization Guidelines
Sector Analysis and Execution
North American Equities
Energy
Financials
Materials
Retail
Telecom/Technology
Emerging Market Equities
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
Portfolio Performance Measurements
Overview
Performance Analysis
After-thoughts and Lessons Learned
Appendix 1: Stock Selection Criteria
Appendix 2: Economic Outlook
Appendix 3: Additional Selection Criteria
Appendix 4: Performance Measurement
From the Paper
"AMX is a provider of wireless telecommunications services in Latin America. As of December 31, 2007, it had 153.4 million subscribers in 17 countries which include 50 million subscribers in Mexico through Telcel. Also, AMX operates through Americel in Brazil and through Comcel in Colombia. Furthermore, it provides wireless services in Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile. It provides fixed-line and wireless services in Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua. We believe that AMX's domination of the Mexican wireless telecom market and other markets such as the Brazilian's and Colombian's will position AMX in a strong position to take advantage of its investments in the 3G technology."
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Index Fund Investments, 2001.
This case study researches the performance of index funds and contrasts index funds to other available investment types.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
In order to determine the value of index investments as an investment strategy, this paper weighs several important considerations. It defines index funds and lists the types of index funds that are available to the investor. It then gives a thorough list and analysis of the major advantages and disadvantages of index investing. The paper then lists the alternatives to index investing and investigates the advantages and disadvantages of these alternatives. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is explained and how this might impact the evaluation of index investing and the alternatives to index investing. It concludes this case study by giving a personal analysis of whether the writer would include index investing in his personal portfolio.
From the Paper
"Simply put, an index fund is a mutual fund that attempts to match, with as much accuracy that is possible, the performance in a stock market index. Mutual funds have created S&P500 index funds in an attempt to copy the Standard and Poor (S&P)500 index, by buying all 500 stocks in the same percentage that they are present in the index.
"Interestingly, S&P 500 tracks the performance of large company stocks in the United States, like the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The S&P 500 index tracks the stock prices of 500 big companies, which account for close to 80 percent of the total market value all of the stocks that are traded in the United States. Index funds mirror the returns of a specific index, or a group of securities, that are considered measuring sticks of the behavior of the market as a whole. If the market increases 5% in one year, the index will also increase by close to 5% in the same specific time frame."
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U.S. Stock Portfolio, 2007.
This paper analyzes the active investment management of a U.S. stock portfolio.
4,133 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides an analysis of stock portfolio development. The writer offers examples of how to actively manage a U.S stock portfolio, what role allocation plays amongst different types of stocks in determining the returns, what role individual stock selection plays in determining returns and how to measure the performance of the manager. A discussion of the costs associated with such a strategy versus passive investment management is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion. The writer concludes that the research shows that the effective management of a given stock portfolio can be a daunting endeavor, but there are some alternatives available that can be used to help achieve the short and long-term goals of even the most ambitious investment plan, if certain strategies and techniques are consistently applied.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Large versus Small Capitalization
Measuring the Performance of the Stock Portfolio Manager
Active versus Passive Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These authors add that the rate of return from a portfolio consisting of small-capitalization companies was outstanding. For instance, $1 invested in a small-capitalization portfolio for the period 1963-84 increased to more than $115; during the same period, a stock portfolio comprised of companies with the largest average capitalization increased to just $6. Superior results were found to exist at each size gradation. In general, the smaller the firms in a portfolio, the better it performed. While the superior performance of the size effect is not guaranteed, it was present in 17 out of 22 years of studies; therefore, the size effect should be considered an important part of an overall investment strategy. These findings are supported by an analysis of the number of AMEX or NYSE listed firms in the bottom quintile of market capitalization and cutoff market capitalization value, as shown in Tables 1 and 2 and Figures 1 and 2 below."
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Financial Portfolios, 2005.
This paper looks at different financial investments; fixed income and equity portfolios.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses fixed income and equity portfolios. The paper describes the types of securities often used in fixed income portfolios, then compares them with the securities of an equity portfolio. The paper discusses the management of a fixed income portfolio as well as the risks involved in investing and gives professional opinions on both. The paper includes five professional sources as evidence.
From the Paper
"Fixed income portfolios were created to offer the financial investor a more secure means of investing, while at the same time taking the least amount of risk with as many financial gains as possible. In contrast, the equity portfolio is greatly diversified with risk factors incorporated into its structure and it can be highly susceptible to financial factors, which could mean substantial loss for the investor. This is not to suggest that fixed income securities are not without some investment risk. Many elements play a role in the management of fixed income securities, and without proper management, either portfolio type is subject to negative returns. Management of a fixed income portfolio relies on the financial manager creating a dependable stream of income for the client, while seeking to create the highest yield on investments over the course of time."
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Creationism, 2006.
This paper discusses creationism, which rejects scientific theories that contradict the Biblical story of creation.
1,026 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that creationists reject the scientific theories regarding the origin of life, the origin of the human species, the geologic history of the earth, the formation of the solar system and the origin of the universe. The author points out that a second kind of creationism, "creational spirituality", holds that, rather than theory, awe is the appropriate response to the unfathomable wonder of creation. The paper also explains that Neo-Creationists want to allow the Bible to be one of the choices of theories that are given to school children in public schools as to how the earth was formed and mankind came into being.
From the Paper
"A wave of Revivalism swept the South to counteract Modernism and Intellectualism. There was conflict between the liberals and the conservatives in society, between the Evolutionists and the Fundamentalists. Things came to a head in the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, when John Scopes, a high school biology teacher, was tried for teaching the theory of evolution. The trial was widely covered by the most famous broadcasters in the nation. In the trial, also called the "Scopes Monkey Trial," it was decided that it would be legal to teach evolution in the public schools."
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Transformation of Creation: Hesiod and Ovid, 2008.
An analysis and comparison of the creation themes in Hesiod's "Theogony" and Ovid's "The Creation".
1,673 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper notes that humanity has searched for the means and the language to explain and comprehend the creation of the universe since its own beginnings. The paper also explains that both Hesiod and Homer responded to this need to explore the origination of the world and mankind through their respective oral and literary traditions. The paper then goes on to discuss how Hesiod's "Theogony" and Ovid's "The Creation" both relate to formulating understandings of the creation of the cosmos, and notes their similarities and differences.
From the Paper
"Hesiod's Theogony stands at the beginning of European literary tradition--written between 800 and 600 BCE. His three major works of poetry were assembled synonymously with those of Homer (Lamberton 1). He remains as one of the four mythic bards who are recognized as a "source of Greek tradition" (Lamberton 1). Despite his humble origins as a Boetian peasant (Lamberton 8), Hesiod's account of the origins of the universe is said to be one of many, but its survival and later influence over authors such as Ovid speak to the value placed upon it by later authors (Lamberton 12). "
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Student Portfolio Assessment: K-2, 2006.
A look at why the student portfolio can be of great benefit in the student assessment process.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The use of portfolios during the assessment process can be of benefit to both student and teacher alike. Portfolios can be used to centralize student work products, allowing the teacher to better evaluate the student's progress over the semester, the year, or even over the student's educational career. In addition, because each student portfolio contains similar work, it is relatively easy to assess if individual students, or if the entire class, achieve certain benchmarks during the portfolio period. This paper examines the process of organizing student portfolios and setting goals and benchmarks for these portfolios. The paper also discusses the assessment process using student portfolios.
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