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Decomposition of the Human Body, 2004.
An analysis of the characteristics of human body decomposition over time in various settings.
2,933 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines taphonomy, the branch of science that investigates the decomposition process of the human body. It encompasses the study of phenomena such as biostratinomy, decomposition, diagenesis, and epibiont encrustation. A definition of the term 'decomposition' describes the process whereby the body is reduced into simpler forms of matter. The paper explains that the process of decomposition is affected in varying degrees by a number of factors. These include the following aspects in the order of their commonly assumed importance with regard to the rate of the decomposition process: temperature, bacteria, access by insects, burial and depth of burial, access by carnivores or rodents, humidity or dryness, body size and weight, and clothing.
From the Paper
"Rigor Mortis sets in within four hours of death. This is caused by the lack of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides the energy required for muscle contraction and relaxation. ((McLemore, J. 1993) Rigor Mortis is essentially the state that the dead body achieves when the oxygen supply to the muscles ceases. However, the cells within the body continue with anaerobic respiration. The result of this process is the production of lactic acid which causes stiffening of the muscles in Rigor Mortis. After 36 hours, depending on temperature and various other variables and circumstances, rigor mortis ceases. (Decomposition) At this time the cells in the body die and various enzymes are released which precipitate the process of decomposition."
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The Human Body, 2005.
An examination of the variety of functions of the human body.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the different parts of the human body and their functions. The systems reviewed and explained are: respiratory, circulatory, digestive, renal, reproduction, muscular, skeletal, endocrine, blood and nervous.
From the Paper
"The body consists of a number of different systems which work together and function as a whole. These include ..."
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Introduction to the Human Body, 2004.
Examines the basic anatomical features of the body.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and explains some basic anatomical features of the body such as the anatomical position, planes and sections through the human body, and homeostasis. Relation of anatomy to physiology.
From the Paper
"The principle of complementarity was developed by Nils Bohr while working in the field of atomic physics, but can be applied to any science. It is an epistemological principle that essentially means that nothing can be studied in isolation, different aspects of the same organ can help us understand its true function in life. An organ's structure cannot be studied without understanding how it functions in the living system. Anatomy relates to physiology in that..."
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Effects of Altitude on the Human Body, 2005.
Investigates the effects of altitude on how the body functions.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper first offers an explanation of high altitude and then goes on to describe the important changes that occur in the internal environment of the human body.
From the Paper
"The effects of high altitude on the human body is hypoxia, hyperventilation, changes in lung volume, changes in pulmonary diffusing capacity, changes in number of red blood cells, changes in hemoglobin concentration, and changes in cardiac output. The human body is also prone to high altitude stress which includes effects like increased secretion of ADH, redistribution of body fluids, and impairment of mental reactions. "
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Cloning and Human Body Parts, 2005.
A paper on the controversy over cloning, in general, and over the cloning of body parts, in particular.
2,381 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 31 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
In an effort to shed light on the the full range and implications of cloning, this paper examines the topic from the point of view of a variety of disciples. The paper uses a multidisciplinary approach, presenting different views from the sciences and the humanities, to help present a broader picture regarding the controversial issues surrounding the medical practice of cloning and to point out that there is a need for all disciples to be heard on these issues. The paper points out that taking this approach allows us to see that, while the sciences view cloning as a great medical asset, the humanities and particularly theology act as balancing agents to prevent possible negative outcomes.
Introduction
Cloning: A Brief Overview
Different and Interrelated Views
Genetics and Biology
Medical Views
Philosophy
Theology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Science fiction has for many years been the purveyor of outlandish and daring ideas about human cloning. However, we now know that cloning has emerged from the realms of science fiction and become science fact. An Italian doctor, Severino Antinori, recently announced that he was in the process of cloning a human baby. Claims of also conducting experiments to clone humans have been made by an American religious sect, "Clone Aid", which shortly expects a "new creation" to arrive through cloning technology. (Bedford-Strohm. 203) "
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Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition", 2005.
An overview of Joseph Wood Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition"
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of Joseph Wood Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition". The paper discusses the author's main themes, provides a summary of the work, and addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the collection of essays as a whole.
From the Paper
"Throughout history human beings have attempted to produce theories of knowledge and learning. Some of the most basic questions such theories have attempted to answer concern what knowledge is, where knowledge comes from and how we know what is true. Plato theorized that only things that do not change, that are immutable can be known. Limitations of the human senses and perception have always played into theories on knowing. So too has human capacity for ration and more..."
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Human rights vs. Human Nature, 2006.
A discussion regarding the justification of war and the issue of human rights versus human nature.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the question of justifying military intervention on the basis of protection of human rights, pointing out that such a question requires a prior assumption. The paper clarifies this assumption to be that countries are capable of benevolent, disinterested altruism. History refutes this assumption. The paper further discusses how individuals and groups within a country may very well have the best intentions to bring relief to the suffering citizens of a brutal dictatorship or civil war; but countless examples, from Vietnam, to Latin America, to Rwanda, to present day Iraq, show a road to hell paved with such good intentions. The political and military forces involved in such maneuvers, by their very nature, preclude truly altruistic actions.
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Human Rights And Human Trafficking, 2006.
A discussion on human trafficking and the international response to the problem.
5,084 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how human trafficking has increasingly become a problem for many countries throughout the world, with people being taken from their families, homes and communities and ensnared in a life of servitude to others in a strange and foreign country. The paper focuses on the question of whether there is enough being done to combat the increasing problem of human trafficking. The paper examines the international community's response to the problem. The paper details various countries and communities and how they have been effected by human trafficking.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Overview Of Human Trafficking Throughout The World
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong
India
Bulgaria
The Netherlands
Pakistan
Russia
Uganda
Poland - The Press And The Perspective In Media
Mexico - 20,000 Child Victims
Mongolia - 200 Mongolian Children Exploited As Prostitutes
Other Countries
What Is Being Done To Combat This Problem?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to a separate report, "Migrant trafficking and smuggling has become a global business generating huge profits for traffickers and organized crime syndicates." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) In fact in a study conducted by IOM reports "...an estimated 15 to 30 million irregular migrants worldwide." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) Sadly a report of the U.S. Department of Justice states that an estimated "...700,000 women and children are trafficked yearly across borders." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) The reason stated that so many of these migrants go unreported is due to the inherent "...clandestine nature..." involved in so many of the lives and migration of these individuals."
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Aggression in Human & Non-Human Primates, 1999.
Analyzes nature of violence, differences between humans & non-humans, biological, psychological & social causes, evolution, territoriality, survival and theories.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 13 sources, £ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Abstract
This paper is an investigation of the topic of aggression in both humans and non-human primates with an attempt to understand the causes of such aggression and what links exist between the aggressive behaviors of different primate species.
The literature on primate aggression is reviewed and a number of bases for aggressive behavior are put forth, including psychoanalytic, biological, evolutionary and learned. The validity of each of these explanatory paradigms is examined and the evolutionary and social learning perspectives are established as being the most useful bases on which to create theoretical models of primate aggressive behavior.
A substantial amount of attention is paid to possible evolutionary causes of aggression and evolutionarily based links between the aggressive tendencies..:
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Body Image, Body Health and Pathology, 2005.
An overview of eating disorders and anorexia and their seriousness.
5,322 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This is a detailed paper about eating disorders and anorexia. The paper describes the symptoms, the segment of the population most affected by eating disorders, the physical problems prolonged eating disorders can cause and some the environmental, physiological and psychological conditions that might predispose some to developing an eating disorder. The paper also explains that there are far more women with eating disorders than men and points out that this is an important factor in determining the causes of eating disorders. Additionally, the paper discusses treatment methods and prevention programs.
From the Paper
"Eating disorders and anorexia are becoming more commonplace today, and this is true particularly of young women, although older people and men sometimes also suffer from them. It is important to look at this issue as it relates to body image and how one feels about one's body, but also important to see it in the light of the way that one trusts oneself and others, and the hope for the future that is sometimes absent from the lives of these individuals. Such problems as depression can often play a large role in whether someone has problems with body image and eating disorders."
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The Body of Christ, 2001.
A detailed analysis of the symbolism of the body of Christ during the crucifixion and how this impacted conceptions of the human body and religion.
2,685 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 11 sources, £ 56.95
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Abstract
A detailed analysis of the crucifixion of Christ. The author concentrates on the symbolism of the body of Christ during the crucifixion. It also looks at the importance and meaning that this created for the understanding and the conception of the human body during this time (in art and literature) and later on for the Christian religion and faith.
From the Paper
"The symbolism of the body of Christ during the passion was the most influential and striking image during our later Medieval to the early modern period. The pain and wracking influence of the passion was so engrained on each person, through art, and through the constant images of crucifixion and pain that they viewed from day to day. This body held so much symbolism, each nook and cranny, and the importance of every wound. Because of this the manner in which the body of Christ is represented in art and literature is vitally important to understanding the conception of the human body during this time and the conception of the religion of these people."
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Market For Human Organs, 2002.
Discusses the use of human body parts for transplant operations.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
Discusses use of human body parts for transplant operations. Problem of imbalance between supply and demand for human organs. Free market approach. Human organ harvesting. Whether supply will grow as donors or families of cadavers respond to high prices paid for human organs. Four exhibits in addition to paper.
From the Paper
"CONSIDERING A MARKET FOR HUMAN ORGANS: A SUPPORTIVE POSITION ASSESSMENT
In the United States, a country that regularly condemns human rights abuses, including trafficking in human organs, in other countries, amoral economists, politically conservative organizations that regularly condemn fetal cell research, and others who view "the market" as God (with a Capital G), promote the concept of a free market in human organs. The usual justification for this concept is that the non-market regulation of the collection and assignment of human body parts for transplant operations is a failure because it allows the development of an imbalance between the supply and the demand for human organs (Schiller 1).
According to the proponents of a free market in human body ..."
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Buffer Systems in the Body, 2008.
An examination of how the buffer systems in the human body maintain normal pH.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the buffer systems in the human body. It specifically focuses on the role of the buffer systems in maintaining proper body pH. The paper explains the effect on the bodily systems if changes occur to shift the balance of acid-base systems to a range that is out of the norm. The paper looks at various cations and ions in the body and their function.
Table of Contents:
Changes in pH
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Oxygen
From the Paper
"Buffers and buffer reactions are one of the most important reactions in the human body. The body has a limited tolerance for changes in pH. The ability to maintain proper pH can present as a primary cause of concern, or it can represent a secondary complication. The most common problem associated with pH shifts are heart arrythmias and pulmonary problems. The six chemicals discussed in this research are the most important ones for maintenance of proper pH. However, there are many others that play a minor role. Understanding how the body maintains homeostasis is one of the most important concepts that any medical professional can know."
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Authority, Dissent, and the Body, 2004.
An analysis of Catholic authority, religious dissent, and the rejection of the human body.
2,724 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies Catholic authority in the late antique period as initially interested in the control of society's spiritual consciousness by assimilating the individual into a wider fraternity. The paper explains that a marginal, oppressed, and radical sect operating within pagan power structures, the evangelical Christians, grew to become Roman-Catholic orthodoxy, the social force in religious and secular spheres. Catholicism, in turn, became a target of radical biblical interpretation and dissent that had once characterised this group. The paper focuses on the body, the crucible in which theology, the material, and ideal was fought over, and where religious conviction grew from. This paper discusses the rejection of the human body and its urges, claiming that this was often used as a means of rejecting the social order.
From the Paper
"Before doctrine had become formally established in an ecclesiastical structure the mantle of authority did not conventionally apply to the Christian faith outside of its own religious interests. Theological differences over the body were played out internally, with disagreement rather than dissent leading to groups becoming ostracised from the mainstream by those who viewed themselves as orthodox, but were not as entrenched in power as would become the case in later medieval times. A belief of oneness in Christianity is not born out by the evidence of late antiquity. As Elaine Pagels wrote in her book Gnostic Gospels "Nearly all Christians share three basic premises. First, they accept the canon of the New Testament; second, they confess the apostolic creed; and third, they affirm specific forms of church institution. Every one of these emerged in its present form only towards the end of the second century." Prior to the second century the structure of the church and its authority was not set, but open to interpretation. Divergent Christian viewpoints were still fighting over the manifesto that would deliver the faith into the social order."
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