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The Interview in Sociology and Journalism, 2002.
This paper describes the general techniques of interviewing and then compares journalistic and sociological research interviewing methods.
3,515 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the methodology by which the interview is used to collect precise data. The author believes that, both in sociology and in journalism, the dynamics of interviewing should be properly understood to improve the effectiveness of data gathering. The author states that a key difference is that, in a sociological interview, the question should not be either loaded or biased; whereas, in journalism, it can be biased for a provocation of response. The author concludes that the journalist has much to learn from the sociologist.
From the Paper
"Each type of an interview is designed with a particular task in mind. The non-standardized type is most suitably used in exploratory studies where little is known about the topic. This way a small group may be interviewed quite informally with an intention of gaining useful guidance for the construction of more profound interviews. But there is a limit to which such interviews can be used with larger samples, since they may consume much time and money. Therefore, where large samples are necessary in sociology, the structured interviews provide a number of advantages, as they are cheaper in money and time and easier to process. The potentially quantitative form of standardized interviews makes them useful in hypothesis testing, (that is, checking the validity of initial assumptions in journalism)."
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Focus Group Interviews in Sociology, 2001.
An analysis of one of the qualitative research techniques - focus group interviews.
3,481 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the focus group interview. It describes this method and tries to find out why this research procedure works and why and how it is used. The writer also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of focus groups. In addition, the writer explains its detailed methodology, process of its planning, moderating of discussion, analyzing and reporting of obtained data. The writer concludes that the future of this qualitative technique is probably in online focus groups, although this new environment and new technology could also bring new problems and threats to the final outcome.
Outline:
What is Focus Group?
What is Focus Group Used For? Where is it Used?
Advantages of Focus Groups
Disadvantages of Focus Groups
Methodology of Focus Groups
From the Paper
"Focus group is a special qualitative research technique used for deeper understanding of a topic or a phenomena of interest. It is also sometimes called as group interviewing or controlled group discussion (Wimmer, Dominick 1991: 145). As submitted by Mahoney (1997) focus groups combine elements of both interviewing and participant observation. The group consists of 6 to 12 people being interviewed simultaneously by a moderator who leads and controls the discussion about a focal topic (Wimmer, Dominick 1991: 145). The composition of the group is relatively homogeneous along some predetermined meaningful characteristic (age, gender, social class, level of expertise, etc.). For example a focus group could consist of university teachers or engineering experts from one location to discuss an issue of relevance. Or other focus group might bring together all experts in a particular sector, e.g. transportation. There is a list of topics or specific questions which should be discussed in a permisive environment where points of view are not judged and consensus or decisions are not sought. Each respondent is viewed as having a valued poit-of-view (Williams 2001)."
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John C. Merrill's "Professionalization of Journalism", 2005.
This paper reviews John C. Merrill's "Professionalization of Journalism", which argues the appropriateness of professionalizing the career of journalism.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although journalism has some characteristics of a profession, it cannot be considered a profession because (1) journalists do not have a direct relationship with their clientele, (2) there are no entrance requirements, (3) journalists do not follow a prescribed code of ethics nor a standard way in which they behave and (4) journalists do not possess one specialized body of knowledge but rather command many disciplines. The author points out that if journalist came from only one shared common knowledge, this would restrict the perspectives, conduct and values of their profession. The paper relates that Merrill believes that, while the professionalization of journalism does deter amateurish practices, it nevertheless creates university journalism programs that squash creativity and inquisitiveness.
From the Paper
"The original definition of profession is one who professes. Since then, it has come to mean an occupation to which one belongs and about which one is knowledgeable. Moreover, one also claims complete domain over the discipline. In other words, a member of a profession declares that because he is educated in that area, he has more authority in such matters than do nonmembers. As such, this specialist has absolute control over the services he provides to others. Professions consist of homogenous groups of individuals. A professional is described as being trustworthy, objective, and inquisitive regarding his profession. Additionally, a professional seeks solidarity with colleagues and protection from the judgment of outsiders. Entrance to a profession is subject to satisfactory completion of prescribed requirements."
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Computer Journalism, 1998.
An analysis of how computer journalism will be benefit society.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 9 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this report is to show how computer journalism will be more of an asset to journalism and society. It looks at how computer journalism is better than other news sources, will create more jobs, will affect the community, and will affect entertainment such as sports and movies. The discussion is constructed as follows: journalism in the present & the future, computer journalism in the present, newspapers that are already using computer journalism, how databases help stories become more efficient, why CD-ROM is a needed tool, the future, how computer journalism increases opportunity and creates new jobs and reaches the community, effects on entertainment, and advertising.
From the Paper
"Newspapers have always been efficient in delivering the news but have faced set-backs that leave the public unsatisfied. Surveys show that ?only 38 percent of the public rely on the newspaper.., while 72 percent point to television for news? (Dennis 677). Editors realize the need for drastic change and have already adopted new ways to deliver the news more efficiently. For example, databases are now ??recognized as a tool, if not a staple? (Webb 1) for good journalism. CD-ROMS (On-line databases) are also being used frequently by Newspapers; because of the dramatic drop-off in the price for ROMS, from $10,000 to $4,000 in the last decade, the media has been quick to take advantage. These two new resources hope to push back the newspaper on top of the news industry."
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"Committing Journalism", 2002.
Explores the First Amendment through journalism by reviewing "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a book review on "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by authors Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman. This book is remarkable in that it is a collection of essays by Dannie Martin, a prison inmate and Peter Sussman, his editor. In total, fifty essays written on all aspects of the federal prison system are found within this book and cover a wide range of topics from racism to AIDS to the prison societies. "Committing Journalism" also describes the First Amendment problems that occurred when Martin and Sussman attempted to publish these essays in the San Francisco Chronicle.
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Journalism, 2004.
An overview of the theories of journalism, through a review of the Hutchinson report.
2,853 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Hutchinson report concerning journalism and contends that perhaps the only thing to be learned from the theories about journalism is that they are just that: theories. The paper claims that journalists are seen as terribly influential, or totally ineffective, depending on the position of the observer. It points out that the notion of truth does not enter into either the theories or the practice; in fact, accuracy is the intent of good journalism, apparently, but it is subordinate to choice. The paper assesses that journalism can be explained very simply in the end, without need of a Hutchinson report. The paper defines journalism as any response to any event, filtered through whatever person tells the story, as well as the attitudes of those who receive it.
From the Paper
"However, in explaining why journalism is more than reportage, which is what the foregoing describes, the Hutchinson Commission also recognized that values were important as well. In fact, it went so far as to say that "societal values need to be 'presented' to and 'clarified' for the public (Baker, 1998, Highbeam Web site). As Baker notes, that immediately turns media into educator, and not only that, but as educator of the existing norms of a society. The U.S. media, for one, adopted "codes of performance, which urge the media to respect accepted values and to portray the traditional virtues" (Baker, 1998). Baker also contends that this idea was the precursor, observable already in the 1940s, to the trend that got fully underway in the 1990s of media consolidation and concentration, or as it was called, the "long trend toward media monopolies" (Baker, 1998). "
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Introduction to Sociology, 2006.
This paper examines the origins of sociology as well as the impact of the industrial revolution which changed the face of the social and physical environment.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper defines sociology as the study of society and social institutions. This paper explores the new discipline of sociology which began in the 19th century with the introduction of the industrial revolution in Europe. This paper describes how sociology is applied when studying various interaction patterns in both individual and group settings. The writer also discusses how various aspects of culture impact society.
Outline:
Definitions
The Development of Sociology
The Origins
Early Sociologists
Subject Matter of Sociology
Collective Behavior
Limited Social Interactions
Unclear Social Boundaries
Weak & Unconventional Norms
Culture
Aspects of Culture
Socialization
Social Structure
Social Institutions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The new discipline of sociology began to merge in the middle of the nineteenth century, in the contest of the sweeping changes the industrial revolution brought to Europe. No social changes in the history had been as wide spread or as far-reaching, as this information which is still taking place in the less developed nations of the world cried out for analysis and explanations. Industrialization threw into turmoil societies that had been relatively stable for centuries. New industries and technologies changed the face of the social and physical environment. Peasants left rural areas and flocked to the towns, where they worked as industrial laborers under appalling conditions."
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Journalism in Australia, 2008.
Looks at the practice of journalism in Australian media based on articles and broadcasts about a religious group, Exclusive Brethren.
2,140 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that current journalism practices in Australia, including Four Corners' inconsistent and sometimes false investigative piece on the Exclusive Brethren, tend to be reactive rather than proactive journalism. The author points out that this type of opportunistic journalism is a savvy business practice because looking for a story costs a lot more than working on one that appears itself by 'accident', . However, basing journalism on recent events and relying on existing issues rather than discovering new stories does carry with it some risks. In an environment where media outlets are all producing the same stories, the paper concludes that journalists and media corporations need to be aware that too much replication of stories can create a public who no longer distinguishes between media outlets.
From the Paper
"The ABC is an apolitical company, although funded largely by the Government, and without allegiance to media corporations such as News Ltd./Corp. ABC TV is well known for producing documentaries and investigative broadcasts that other television networks do not. The 'Separate Lives' piece makes note of the fact that the Exclusive Brethren are in the limelight at the moment due to their questionable political activities. It also acknowledges however that the story is aimed at delving further into the lives of the Exclusive Brethren members and exposing the stories of former members who don't agree with the groups' rules, hypocrisies, and general treatment of its members, rather than focusing on the current issues and controversies."
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Sociology Over Psychology, 2002.
An argument for sociology over psychology in dealing with issues such as emotion, intelligence and suicide.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss why sociology is more important than psychology when it comes to such issues as emotions, suicide and intelligence that can have a diverse affect on society, but more importantly than what psychology can teach. Sociology discusses more solutions within the scope of a society and therefore, can be a better way to handle the systems that are crated in a society to deal with it more effectively. Some examples of studies will be offered to make these points more clear and to show how sociology is a more important angle on the issues. Furthermore, an example of a future study that may applicable to intelligence will be brought forth by myself to try and make an argument for sociology over psychology.
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Developmental Studies and Sociology, 2006.
Contrasts and compares the fields of scientific sociology and developmental studies.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the fields of scientific sociology and the broader field of developmental studies, examining both similarities and differences in the two fields. The paper explains that while the worlds of scientific sociological investigation and developmental studies are indeed closely related, the field of scientific sociology has yet to overcome a great deal of its "snobbery," before it can work effectively with the newer and broader field of developmental study.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statements
Comparisons and Contrasts of Sociology and Development
The Scientific Sociological Viewpoint
A Typical Example
The 4 S Society
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The Scientific Sociologist, Psychologists and other professionals in attendance at these various meetings received their "wake-up," calls where this issue was concerned. However, not all agreed that the events of the past quarter-century confirm Mead's precocious reasoning that academic scholars and professional societies have unwisely abdicated public education and cultural leadership to others. Putting it somewhat less politely, academic research relevant to the general public is a challenge that cannot be put off any longer."
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Radio Journalism, 2002.
A look at why the radio journalism industry has experienced a slight deterioration in the past 30 years.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses why radio journalism has been adversely affected somewhat by the advent of new technology in the field of communication. The writer also comments on the changing definition of what radio journalism encompasses. This paper endeavours to explore what these factors and trends are that have led to the degeneration of radio journalism, as well as what the future of radio journalism might entail.
From the Paper
?Prior to conducting this undertaking, a brief timeline of events needs to be given in order to understand the degeneration of radio journalism through the gradual descent in popularity of its chief vehicle. In 1873, Maxwell publishes the theory of radio waves, which leads to the broadcast of voice and music in the U.S. in 1906. This development is capitalized on when DeForest starts broadcasting radio music on a regular basis in 1907. In 1909, the first broadcast talk was held and the topic was on women?s right to vote. In 1912, the U.S. government passes a law to regulate radio stations (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 7). In the 1920s, radio starts to compete with print media, such as newspapers and magazines (Emery, Emery & Roberts, 1996, 5). In the 1930s, the golden age of radio begins. However, by 1948, the general population start demanding television (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 8-10), and the golden age of radio ends as it starts to compete with television, and then later other technological inventions in communication and entertainment, for a share in the consumer market.?
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Sociology of Sleep, 2003.
This paper is about sleep as a sociological discipline to be studied and investigated by researchers, as well as students and professors of sociology.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates sleep as a sociological process. The writer explains the methodology used, including an introduction, a literature review, and results of the findings. It looks at a history of the study of sleep and further examines modern-day literature on the topic. It finds that the sociology of sleep has its roots deeply planted in rational choice theory, in the sense that the human being must make a rational, coherent choice in weighing out the costs and benefits before deciding how much sleep to engage in on a particular occasion.
From the Paper
"When I first decided to investigate sleep as a sociological process for the 2003 Sociological symposium, I had no idea where my research would take me or what I was getting into. I basically conducted my project as a research paper, finding an abundance of information regarding sleep within cultures, but finding an enormous lack of research regarding sleep in the field of sociology. Even studying sleep cross-culturally was a field left mostly up to anthropologists. As I continued to research various cultures and their methods of sleeping, I found there are very deep sociological implications for sleep. Thus my original research question was becoming more of a mystery than a solution: why is sleep not being researched within the field of sociology?"
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What is Sociology?, 2004.
A look at some methodological approaches to sociology social theory.
919 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper is concerned with synopsis of the concept of sociology, its etymological meaning and definition. It briefly highlights the process through which sociology emerged as an academic discipline. Finally, the debate originated by different sociological perspectives is analysed in order to provide a much broader view of the role played by sociology on a day-to-day basis.
From the Paper
"For instance, the word ?Sociology? derives from the combination of the Latin socius (meaning companion) and the Greek logos (meaning the study of). So the word literally means the study of companionship, or social relations. ( Cuff, 1980)Many will define Sociology as the study of society, but nevertheless it can constitute a great challenge to understand what it really means. This is because it requires the individual to analyse this subject in greater depth by suspending all his or her personal views about their surroundings. Thus being a detached observer and develop the ability to look underneath the ?surface? is a compulsory requirement."
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The Sociology of Poverty and Welfare, 2005.
A sociological perspective on poverty and welfare, including a sociological definition of poverty, explanations for poverty and welfare, and an evaluation of the explanations.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the sociology of poverty and welfare. The paper identifies the conflict and individualistic and cultural perspectives in poverty and welfare, gives a description of six sociological explanations relating to the two identified perspectives of poverty and welfare, and evaluates three of the sociological explanations. Further, this paper gives a description of at least eight sociological studies of welfare and poverty, with at least four representing the different sociological perspectives, as well as four evaluations of the sociological studies. Finally, this paper provides a description of four main constraints, which could affect the work of sociologists in their study of welfare and poverty.
Statement of Thesis
Review of Literature
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Defining elements in culture are those of language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed through generation to generation. Further culture can be separated into subgroups of material culture and nonmaterial culture. Components within a culture are inclusive of symbols, gestures, language, values, norms and sanctions, folkways and mores." Those who participate in social research or sociologists place their reliance on three main theoretical frameworks which are symbolic intereactionism which is defined in the focus on languaging and human relationship elements in intimate group settings which gives emphasis to the construction and communication by the individual through use of symbols or micro-analysis. In the thinking of today there is little disagreement that there is not an existence of a definitive in poverty that is "the" end-all in relating the meaning of the existence demonstrating the meaning of poverty. Globalization is new in the theorem arena in relation to reflect on poverty. The studies that are recent in relation to: "globalization, regionalization and their local manifestation in 'globalization' revealed an extraordinary variety of micro-social" causal factors and reasons within the framework of social processes and consequences that are of a broader nature."
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