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UN Intervention in Somalia and Mozambique, 2005.
An examination of the cases of UN intervention in the civil war situations in Somalia and Mozambique.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the reasons behind the failed intervention in Somalia and the effective intervention in Mozambique by the United Nations. Each country's situation is analyzed and the type of intervention used is discussed.
From the Paper
"Let us first consider the successful UN intervention in Mozambique, the causes for the success and the reasons which had made the successful intervention to become a less successful intervention. The factors entailing the UN intervention in Mozambique a success was regarded as an unanticipated blend of strong leadership, donor coordination, and aggressive diplomacy that provided the crucial reinforcement for persistent forward movement throughout the strategy. Viewing from all the angles the donor coordination is regarded as unique, and the coordination was assisted by the sacrifice of the Ajello so as to combine all the donors into the process and by the multi-layered commissions instituted to visualize it. Specifically, the international observers on the Supervisory and Monitoring Commission -- CSC - the ambassadors of the US, France, Britain, Portugal, Germany, Italy, and the OAU - come together every week with Ajello to assess their expectations with regard to the political situations those were the same and to coordinate a reaction to it. The military commission such as CCF and CCFADM liable for supervising the ceasefire and generation of new military entailed a forum for daily evaluation and problem resolving. Donor coordination was also established on the inheritance and skills of a secular donor and NGO presence in country. There existed little requirement to renovate the wheel. (Lessons Unlearned - or why Mozambique's successful Peacekeeping Operation might not be replicated elsewhere)"
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International Intervention, 2005.
This paper discusses the legal and political aspects of international intervention, particularly in the case of Somalia and Mozambique.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that international intervention is justified in the case of incidents of systematic abuse of human right or genocide such as in Cambodia and Rwanda; suppression of the clearly represented will of the majority such as the case in Haiti; control of the civilian mass by warlords and criminal gangs such as in Somalia and Liberia and illegitimate and inhuman use of power by one side or the other at the time of a civil war involving ethnic or religious self-determination. The author points out that the United Nations is the best agency to provide legitimacy to intervention; the Security Council obtains its power to intervene in disputed situations from the Chapter 7 of the United Nations Charter. The paper states that military intervention is more effective when deployed in the circumstances of a continuing political peace process.
From the Paper
"Against this backdrop, it is quite possible to probe into the reasons for the failure of the intervention in Somalia and the effectiveness of the interventions in Mozambique. In case of Somalia a total degeneration of the state structures has been noticed and this has resulted in a circumstance where different clans struggled to attain the authority in absence of the central government. In the Mozambique the emerged civil war between Resistencia Nacional Macambicana (Renamo) and the Frente de Libertacao de Mocambiue (Frelimo) demonstrated a traditional illustration of the conflict where the very occurrence of the government was the basic reasons of the conflict, thereby necessitating intervention by an outsider to become the only mode of attaining the peaceful and negotiated settlement to the conflict. The international community attempted to intervene in the civil war for maintenance of normalcy and peace through the establishment of UN Operation in Somalia or Unosom2. Similarly the cessation of disputes and for conducting of elections for a democratic government is overseen by the establishment of the UN Operation in Mozambique or Onumoz."
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Humanitarian Intervention, 2004.
Examines to what extent there has been an emerging international norm of 'humanitarian intervention' and how successful attempts at humanitarian intervention have been.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that humanitarian intervention, defined as military intervention in a state without the consent of its government, has become an international norm during the period since 1985. Since the U.N. is virtually always the primary agent of intervention, the paper begins by analyzing the reasons for the U.N.'s increasing number of interventions and why they are moving away from the traditional model and shifting towards humanitarian intervention without consent. The results of these interventions have varied, and the paper discusses three precedent-setting cases from the early 1990s in which the consent of parties as a requirement for U.N. humanitarian action was downgraded. Limited, focused humanitarian intervention has been successful, as exemplified by U.N. protection of Kurds in Northern Iraq. When the U.N. and U.S. intervened in Somalia, however, they lost their focus and took on large and varied tasks. In that case, intervention failed. Intervention also fails when it is done halfheartedly, and force is not used even when it is needed. This is what happened in the allied and U.N. humanitarian intervention in Bosnia. For each case study, the paper explains how it set a precedent in U.N. intervention practice, then analyzes the success or failure of the conflict and the causes for it. The effects of failed intervention are profound. The paper concludes by evaluating the U.N.'s role as the primary intervenor in conflicts since the 1980s.
From the Paper
"There was evidence of "elements of consent" to this in Yugoslavia. Full consent was impossible because of the number of parties and disputes about their status, but through the winter of 1992, interventionist actions were based in consent. But the Security Council's resolution referred obliquely to chapter VII and implied that if Yugoslav consent stopped the UN would continue with its plans. Subsequent resolutions have been written along similar lines. Eventually it became clear that consent and traditional mediation would not halt the fighting, help civilians, or bring a peace settlement. Bosnia never requested humanitarian assistance from the UN, but 4 June 1993, the UN authorized force to defend UN safe area in Bosnia. This was a landmark decision."
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General Model Of Government Intervention, 2002.
Looks at the use and effects of government intervention, and the best approach to intervention.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The general model of government intervention is intended as an analytical framework to investigate the use and effects of government intervention. The model demonstrates that a strategic, direct, and coercive intervention is the preferable one for achieving goals.
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Darfur and Humanitarian Intervention, 2007.
An analysis of the case of Darfur, Sudan and the neo-liberal view of humanitarian intervention there.
4,200 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a neo-liberal analysis of the politics of humanitarian intervention with a focus on Darfur in Sudan. It shows how the Sudanese government fails dearly in resolving the humanitarian crisis ther and, in fact, fuels the crisis. The paper looks at the urgent call for intervention from the international community and discusses the issues and disputes that arise from this intervention. The paper makes its analysis from a neo-liberal perspective.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Darfur: A Background
Humanitarian Intervention
Darfur and the Politics of Humanitarian Intervention: A Neo-liberal Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Last is the issue of resources. With the discovery of oil in Sudan, many of the world's big players, like France and China, have then taken a keen interest of the issues confronting the country. The confirmation of substantial oil reserves in the contested south adds to the country's geopolitical importance. This is evidenced in the tangled US history in Sudan has veered back and forth between close support and active antagonism for decades, first according to the vagaries of regional Cold War alliances and later the exigencies of domestic American politics. Today, the dominant concerns are the "war on terrorism" - and oil. Also, the factor that China is one of the biggest investors in Khartoum and the fact that China gets its supply of oil to fuel its skyrocketing development from Sudan says a lot in its passive response to the atrocities in Darfur.
"This was seen in the role that it played in the delay in the sending of UN peacekeeping forces in Darfur. The immediate cause of the delay has been attributed is the refusal by Sudan's president, Omar Hassan al-Bashir, to agree to a UN force. He is able to get away with this largely because China, a permanent member of the Security Council, continues to protect him with the threat of using its veto. One reason Beijing stands behind Bashir is oil. China is trying to diversify its oil sources beyond the crisis- prone Middle East, and Africa is one obvious alternative. Already, 7 percent of China's imported oil comes from Sudan . Based on this, it is then quite clear that resources do matter in the politics of humanitarian intervention - an issue that is not given much importance in the neo-liberal perspective."
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United States Intervention Policy, 2002.
This paper argues that the United States?s regular intervention into the domestic affairs of other countries has been the biggest cause of exponential growth in terrorist activities around the world.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper states that America?s foreign policy, requiring military intervention by the United States every time something goes wrong in any corner of the world, has not resolved the conflict and has given rise to immense resentment against United States interests. The author believes that the Middle East conflict is the most perfect example of American intervention going haywire; the case of Lebanon is used as an example. The paper contends that even the United States cannot afford to intervene in every conflict, since its military and economic resources are limited, and America?s intervention in internal insurgencies is likely to backfire.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Case against USA Intervention
Counter-argument
Conclusion
From the Paper
"We must bear in mind that current rise in organized terrorism has its roots in all such US interventionist attacks in Middle Eastern region. Deep-rooted resentment against America?s double standards and its selfish interventionism has given birth to a chain of terrorist organizations that have now become a major threat to peace and security of Americans everywhere in the world."
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Schizophrenia and Early Intervention, 2007.
This paper examines schizophrenia and looks at the related symptoms, effects and intervention.
2,409 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 27 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a detailed examination of the importance of early intervention in psychosis programs. The writer explores schizophrenia and discusses its symptoms, impact and onset as it relates to treatment and early intervention. The writer points out that the prevalence of schizophrenia may be less than the prevalence of other mental disorders, but because of the serious, and long-term negative impacts that schizophrenia has on the person, the family members and society in general, it is important to design and implement the best possible treatment plans for the disorder. The writer concludes that schizophrenia is considered the most serious and most devastating mental illness in existence, however, with early intervention, recognition of early indicators and proper treatment schizophrenics can be guided into a productive and fulfilling life.
Outline:
Introduction
What it is
Signs and Symptoms
Early Intervention
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"While schizophrenia used to be thought of as an adult disorder, the current school of thought is that it actually appears at a much younger age. The first break with reality (psychosis) is not the first indicator of the disorder.
The average person recognizes schizophrenia as a disorder in which the person hears voices, performs strange and inexplicable rituals or habits and at times acts paranoid and delusional. While this is a common occurrence with the disorder there are often many signs leading to this obvious state of mental illness. Early detection and intervention may be key factors in the treatment of the disorder thereby allowing the afflicted patient and the family to enjoy a much more productive life together."
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Humanitarian Intervention, 2008.
An examination of humanitarian intervention and its use as a justification for interference in another state's sovereign affairs.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses humanitarian intervention and its use as a justification for interference in another state's sovereign affairs.
The paper discusses examples of humanitarian intervention such as the United States intervening in the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The paper concludes that recent examples of humanitarian intervention have highlighted how, no matter the humanitarian outcome, there is political rationale for the intervention that is obscure, but which always justifies the inordinate cost of intervening in the open conflicts of other nations.
From the Paper
"The concept of universal human rights is deeply rooted in the modern development of Western civilization. As that cultural has expanded globally in the past few centuries, it has taken with it the notion that human rights can be protected through military intervention. But the reality is that humanitarian intervention, whatever its idealized goals, is merely a new justification for open warfare in order to secure political gains that can be had in no other way. Recent examples of humanitarian intervention have highlighted how, no matter the humanitarian outcome, there is invariably another political rationale for the intervention that is transparent or obscure but which always justifies the inordinate cost of intervening in the open conflicts of other nations or violating their national sovereignty"
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Humanitarian Intervention, 2005.
A discussion of the current challenges of international law and the principle of humanitarian intervention.
8,055 words (approx. 32.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how we have recently seen an increase in the number of intra-state conflicts giving rise for a need for a new intervention agenda and how the traditional image of peacekeeping is one of the forms of intervention that the international community undertakes. It discusses the central elements of humanitarian intervention as well as the current challenges to international law that humanitarian intervention pose. It also considers the implications of the actions taken by the U.S. and U.K. in Iraq on international law.
From the Paper
"The United Kingdom and the United States would have to satisfy the test of proportionality, necessity and probability in order to be able to invoke a war against Iraq on the basis of pre-emptive self-defence. Given that there is no proof that Iraq was developing WMDs that would have the potential of de-stabilising international peace and security, the war against Iraq would ?violate any reasonable interpretation of either the Charter?s limited provisions for self-defence exception or the customary law of pre-emptive self-defence."
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Selling Medical Supplies in Mozambique, 2006.
This paper is a marketing analysis of the selling of medical supplies in Mozambique.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in addition to an acute incidence of AIDS, the local disease situation including bubonic plague, cholera, dengue fever, hepatitis A, malaria, meningitis, schistosomiasis and typhoid fever, presents an increased opportunity for selling medical supplies in Africa's Mozambique. The author points out that Mozambique's severe, generalized AIDS epidemic handicapped by a meager health infrastructure, pockets of population concentration and increased economic contact with adjacent nations with HIV prevalence rates. The paper relates that, although the National Health System (NHS), which is the primary service provider of allopathic service in Mozambique, faces extremely limited human and material resources, the NHS has managed to enhance the coverage of the health system since the last decade through an increase in the health facility infrastructure and health sector staff.
From the Paper
"While entering Africa's anti-AIDS drug market the company has to be considered as the top performer in the Black Economic Empowerment -- BEEE in South Africa and its expansion into the remaining region of Africa is backed by the SA Health Minister Manto Tshabalala Msimang. The new sector of trade and investment into Africa will render a crucial boost to the SA Black business that believes it has a hard task breaking into the white business world. The health minister stated that the local production of the anti-retroviral HIV treatment drugs which is being backed by the World Health Program must be seen in the context of the "regional" meaning of the African continent."
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Parenting Intervention Program, 2005.
A look at the concept of a parent intervention program for divorced mothers of newborns to three-year-olds.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a parent intervention program for divorced mothers of young children. It further stipulates that the parent is suffering from depression and is in need a an intervention program to assist the family. The concept of the intervention program is established, as well as the ideas that will be addressed within the program.
From the Paper
"Researchers indicate that many mothers of newborns often develop hormonal changes that trigger depression. Recent news events in which depressed mothers have killed their children demonstrate that this issue is one of significant importance to our society. While feelings of this magnitude do not inflict all parents of newborns, those that are affected suffer in great numbers throughout the world. Additionally, mothers of children, (aged newborn to three years of age) who compound this emotional time with divorce are often alone, and in need of assistance in providing a stable environment for their children. With their worlds filled with new life, and the loss of a mate, this delicate period in a mother's existence can be quite overwhelming. Furthermore, these life complications can adversely affect the children of the home because there is a lack of emotional stability for the child to learn from. "
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Growth and Development in Mozambique, 2006.
An examination of the current situation and possibilities for development in Mozambique.
2,243 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the current situation Mozambique and the potential for growth in this developing nation. Several aspect of Mozambique are presented and analyzed. These involve the country's potential for becoming more economically independent. The major issues facing the population are discussed, such as health, education and employment. The author concludes that although Mozambique is still developing there is great potential for an economically independent nation.
Introduction
Economic Environment
Start-Up Costs
Financing Resources
Actions that Might be Taken to Obtain Financing for the Business
Global Information Needs
Global Information Sources
Technology for Managing Information
Staffing
Training and Development
Performance Appraisal
Compensation
Economic and Financial Risks
Social and Cultural Risks
Political and Legal Risks
Risk Management Techniques
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1996, Mozambique has attained self-sufficiency in grains and, presently, cereal and cassava production is more than the national needs. But even now the agricultural productivity is below the African and regional average, and there is considerably great amount of unexploited potential for further growth. (Economic Overview) The capital of the country is at Maputo and the population is nearly 19 million. The life expectancies are very low with the figure being 37.83 years for males and 36.34 years for females. There are very few doctors and only a little over half of the population has access to safe drinking water. (Mozambique: Fact File) "
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Humanitarian Intervention, 2008.
An analysis of the political, economic, social and religious factors that impact the decision of whether to provide humanitarian intervention.
2,620 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses humanitarian intervention and whether it is always justified. It then presents and discusses the complex political, economic, social and religious factors that often combine in the real world to present difficult decisions for national and international authorities when debating whether international humanitarian intervention is necessary or justified. The paper provides examples of past major humanitarian disasters and discusses the outcomes of humanitarian intervention.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, the complexities of international politics and the constant shifting of immediate national interests preclude the wide application of universal rules for determining whether humanitarian intervention is necessary or justified, for there are so many political, economic, social, religious, cultural, and historical factors involved. In the context of international politics, theories are not scientific laws, they are simply guidelines which help explain the intervention policies nations pursue, and which serve to reduce at least some of the confusion as to why nations do what they do when a humanitarian crisis develops somewhere in the world."
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Government Intervention and Energy Services, 2005.
A view of government intervention in providing energy services and delivery to the public through private enterprise.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 27 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
The conversion of energy into power has progressed to this day as large corporations comply with governmental regulations that seek to ensure that enough electricity is provided to meet customer demand at a fair price. Energy service and delivery companies have provided shareholder growth through acquisitions and mergers and by cutting costs and integrating systems. This paper shows that the federal government intervenes to protect customers and investors through several commissions and agencies, primarily through the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 and the more recent Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The states' Public Service Commissions regulate and monitor utility prices, service quantity and quality and can prosecute firms guilty of price discrimination. The paper shows that local governments are mainly concerned with the taking of property through eminent domain, pollution control and regional resources. Although government continues in the direction of deregulating the industry, the regulatory reporting requirements have created numerous jobs in the areas of accounting, reporting, and compliance. The paper explains that computer systems, applications, and products in data processing (SAP) help to maximize resources and assist greatly in data management and government reporting compliance.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Brief History of the Utilities Industry
Service and Delivery Territorial Boundaries
Welcome to Energy East
Energy East's Territory
A recent report on Energy East
Government Intervention in the Energy Services & Delivery Industry
Brief History
Federal Government Intervention
The Federal Energy and Regulatory Commission (FERC)
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Regulations Regarding Stocks, Bonds and Derivatives
State & Local Government Intervention
Key Government Legislation Affecting the Industry
Public Holding Company Act of 1935
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and Government Reporting Requirements
Establishing and Maintaining Effective Reporting Systems
Systems, Applications, Products in Data Processing (SAP)
Communicating with SEC Officials
Conclusion
Career Opportunities
References
From the Paper
"Federal, state and regional governments collaborate in controlling electricity prices and the supply of electricity because a price or demand increase in one regional area affects electricity costs and supply of nearby regional areas. One region's energy crisis can have a spill over effect into other states and may spread across the country. This became apparent in California when there was not enough supply to meet the demand during California's deregulation of public utilities as California turned to neighboring regional areas to purchase additional power. When other states refused to sell electricity to California in their crisis because of risk factors, a government emergency order saved them by requiring out-of-state companies to sell power to that region (Bonsor, 2001). Power outages can spread as they too can have spill over effects onto other regions. This happened in the summer of 2003 when New York City up through Canada experienced a massive black out."
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