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International Trade and Finance Law, 2005.
An examination of international trade and finance law.
3,643 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the procedures involved in international trade and finance law by comparing US international trade procedures to international trade procedures estabilshed by the UN. The paper explains the various international payment methods and the methods of unification and then looks at the obstacles in place that make international trade difficult. The writer believes that the primariy difficulty regarding international trade is the interest that politicians take in the matter and the overall financial position of the countries that are involved. The writer concludes that this is turn makes trading difficult as obstacles are put in the path of trade for the benefit of individual countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The question for any international trade is the guarantee of payment to be received by the seller. In natural course, the items to or services sold are first received by the buyer and then only the payments are sent. In the case of any individual country, there are laws within the country to ensure that the payments are made by the buyer, but in the international scene, the differences between different countries may cause difficulties. The procedure that is now adopted is to follow certain procedures that have been set up under the auspices of United Nations. The international procedures have to be competed with a national procedure for a country for us to understand the comparative position. For this purpose, the position of United States has been used."
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International Trade and Finance Law, 2006.
This paper discusses how international trade works and includes the legal viewpoint.
3,639 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining the procedures of international trade. The paper discusses the laws within a country that ensure the payments are made by the buyer, but in the international scene, the differences between different countries may cause difficulties. The paper describes how the United Nations Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes was set up which
determines standards for bills of exchanges. This forms the basic mechanism for payment of any trade or commerce. The paper discusses the success of international traders and concludes that the financial aspect of international trade depends a lot on political situations and the overall financial position of the countries that are involved.
Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For determining procedures of setting up standards for bills of exchanges, which form the basic mechanisms for payment of any trade or commerce, a United Nations Convention on International Bills of exchange and International Promissory Notes was set up. The concerned work was done over fifteen years by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law -- UNCITRAL. This was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, after being recommended by the Sixth Legal Committee on 9 December 1988. The matter proceeded in steps and UNCITRAL first consulted with the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law -- UNIDROIT as that organization had previously addressed the subject of unification of law regarding negotiable instruments. This required UNIDROIT to first prepare a report on the chances of extending the unification of the law regarding bills of exchange and checks."
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Japan's Strengths and Weaknesses in International Trade and Finance, 2002.
The paper analyzes the economic challenges currently facing Japan as a result of the recession that has hit the country following years of extraordinary economic growth.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the major characteristics of the Japanese economy and its most important sectors-- industry and manufacturing. The paper compares the economic structure of Japan to the developed countries of Europe, such as Germany. The paper discusses the high rate of private and public investment in Japan and its lack of openness to foreign trade. The paper looks at the economic woes created as a result of the recession and the uncertainty with which the country is faced.
Table of Contents
About Japan
Economic Overview
Japan's Economic Structure
Japan's Investment Rates
Economic Woes
Japan's Trade Surplus
Japan's International Trading Process
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"While Japan is still very much focused on traditional culture, the country absorbed a great deal of Western technology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Bartleby, 2000). After losing World War II, Japan experienced an amazing recovery, which secured its status as the second most powerful economy in the world and a loyal ally of the United States. Although the emperor holds the throne as a symbol of national unity, the actual power falls to a network of powerful politicians, bureaucrats, and business executives. Japan?s economy experienced a major slowdown in the 1990s, following three decades of unprecedented growth, and currently has some serious economic challenges."
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International Trade, 2005.
This paper argues the pros and cons of international trade and concludes in favor of this trade.
3,185 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that increased trade between countries does create wealth; however, the rules of the trade game are such that the wealth being generated by increased level of international trade does not reach all sections of the world in a fair manner. The author argues that there is an urgent need for creating a level-playing field for all in international trade so that the benefits reach everyone; organizations such as the WTO and the IMF, which make and oversee trade rules and international monetary policies, must be purged of the pervasive influence of large multi-national corporations and big business. The paper relates that unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades and the eclipse of communism have given a great boost to international trade; international trade leads to prosperity and development but such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty.
Table of Contents
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Growth in Countries that Adopted Free-Trade Policies
Example of the United States
Cons: The Disadvantages
Policies Based on Corporate Interests
Removing the Guiding Hand
How International Free Trade Policies Favor Big Corporations
Corporations Exempt from Free Market Discipline
Inequality
Rural Poverty
Trade and Environment
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The colonialist powers, particularly Britain, had realized the benefits of international trade after its industrial revolution although it is highly debatable whether such trade was beneficial for the colonies as well. In the last two decades, international monetary institutions such as IMF and trade organizations, particularly the Word Trade Organization (WTO) have been at the forefront for promoting free international trade. Unrestricted international trade has been touted as the panacea for all economic ills and an agent of development. The results of international trade have, however, been mixed. While supporters of free trade point to several success stories such as China, others point to the growing inequality, economic shocks such as the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997, and the increasing poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa as "fruits" of increased international trade (also known as globalization)."
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International Trade, 2008.
An analysis of the problems associated with international trade today and how these problems can be overcome.
3,188 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the pros and cons of international trade in order to determine whether increased international trade is beneficial or detrimental for our world. The paper also analyzes existing problems in international trade and their causes and then discusses how they can be overcome so that a greater cross-section of the global population can begin to benefit from increased trade.
Table of Contents:
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Cons: The Disadvantages
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades as well as the eclipse of Communism has given a great boost to international trade. Most statistics and analysis show that the countries and people involved in trade benefit and increased international trade leads to prosperity and development. However, such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty. Most of these problems are the result of trade rules that favor large corporations and the rich, who can be overcome by making the necessary adjustments suggested in this essay."
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International Trade, 2004.
This paper discusses the affects of trade agreements and negotiations on international trade.
3,275 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the "new" theory of international trade is based on the industrial organization approach, which focuses on market shares between domestic and foreign firms; a gain for the domestic firm in a country directly reciprocates a loss for the foreign firm or country. The author points out that U.S. companies participate in business in different countries, not only for cheap labor, but also because they work to integrate their corporate codes of conduct into their Latin American operations.The paper stresses that standards, technical regulations, and certification systems are important for the functioning of economies and trade because various government technical regulations and standards can serve as barriers to international trade.
Table of Contents
International Trade Promoting Economic Growth in APEC
International Trade and Investment in America
Introduction
The U.S. Companies Business Pursuits Bringing Positive Change to Latin America
The U.S. Companies Business Pursuits Bringing Positive Change to China
New WTO Trade Negotiations to Boost the Economy
Improving Economy with Trade Negotiations
Economic Integration and Regionalism
Trade Facilitation, Regulatory Reform, and Standards
From the Paper
"In the year 200, The Leaders meeting, the Ministerial meetings, and the CEO Summit in Los Cabos were held to find ways of creating opportunities, updating, and sharpening the vision of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum for the future. People who participated in this meeting spent a lot of time in preparing for them. The CEO?s of three leading organizations of business in North America prepared a Joint Statement on how APEC can cater to provide global leadership and find ways of supporting greater economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region. In implementing the same policy, the NAFTA has been extremely successful especially, since the economic partners at different levels of development have been able to attain higher levels in growth, trade, and creating jobs. This is why NAFTA has served to be an example for APEC when it comes to its future strategies and implementation action."
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International Trade, 2007.
An analysis of current international trade patterns and government methods used to promote and restrict trade.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses international trade patterns and trends, specifically the relationship between trade and world output. It also discusses the methods governments use to promote and restrict international trade. The paper then discusses the consequences of the nations of the world cutting off trade with one another. It gives examples of what the repercussions would be in the United States and in Japan.
Table of Contents:
Trade and World Output
Patterns of International Trade
Cutting off all Trade
From the Paper
"Island nations would be most hard-hit by a cessation of trade however. Japan, for example, although it has one of the world's most developed agricultural sectors, is land-poor. Japan has little farmable land compared to its high population. It cannot grow enough wheat, soybeans, or other major crops to feed all its citizens and has one of the lowest rates of food self-sufficiency of all industrialized countries. ("Economy and Industry," 2006, Explore Japan) It must import a high percentage of its food from abroad, and food is already prohibitively expensive in Japan. Japan also must import a large percentage of its energy resources, and were these resources not available from abroad, its manufacturing sector would be substantially curtailed unless other methods of production using sources of power such as electricity or solar power could be deployed to fuel the industry, as Japan does not even have access to much untapped fossil fuel."
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Canadian International Trade, 2008.
The paper explores Canadian attitudes towards international trade and discusses questions, which arise from their current trade situation.
3,475 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper notes that Canada is renowned for its enthusiastic attitude towards international trade and its involvement in organizations, such as the WTO, NAFTA and other regional trading blocs. The paper then explains that this attitude has been tempered recently, however, due to concerns over the validity of such free trade agreements. The author points out that, even though existing free trade agreements are insufficient because of issues of environmental corruption, favor towards U.S. domestic policies and an openness to legislative misinterpretation, in the growing environment of globalization, it is apparent that, for Canada, international trade is here to stay. The paper states that it is undeniable that the U.S. is a powerful ally for Canada and that a positive relationship must be maintained despite political, social and economic problems.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Canadian Enthusiasm for International Trade
Free Trade Agreements Seem Confusing - What are they All About?
Legislation Concerns: Doesn't NAFTA Benefit the U.S. more than Canada?
Should Canada-U.S. Trade Relations even be Encouraged?
What about Environmental Issues?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, NAFTA was initially embraced by the Canadians for a number of reasons. It gave a more comprehensive definition of investment than the Canada-U.S. FTA. Unlike this former agreement, it also applied to sub-national governments and municipalities on top of national governments. It was also much clearer on issues such as establishing a mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes, outlining procedures and time frames for claims, the process of appointing tribunal members and the issuing and enforcing of awards."
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Campaign Finance Laws, 2007.
A comparison of the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida with particular emphasis on the laws regulating campaign finance issues.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida, in an attempt to understand the primary differences between the legislative measures of the two states. Additionally, the paper discusses which campaign finance laws appear to be the fairest and most successful laws, in terms of their ability to control and regulate campaign finance issues.
From the Paper
"In comparison to Montana, however, Florida only allows all others in the community a $500 contribution. Children under the age of 18 are not allowed to exceed a $100 contribution, and no candidate can accept contributions from national, state, or county political party executive committee whose aggregate exceeds $50,000. There are still other limitations, such as limits on contributions from investment and law firms, and businesses (FL, 3).
"Furthermore, Florida limits the contributions from certain institutions of higher learning. According to the law, any educational institution wishing to contribute must first obtain a majority vote from the governing board of the institution. Without such a majority vote, the educational institution cannot contribute, either through monetary or through any indirect support (FL, 3)."
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The U.S., Outsourcing and International Trade, 2008.
This paper discusses international trade, outsourcing and the effects of outsourcing on domestic jobs.
3,838 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at research that shows how the vast majority of job losses do not involve the foreign relocation of work at all. The paper addresses the positive effects of outsourcing, including the creation of additional domestic jobs and its benefits to international trade. The paper provides a case study analysis regarding outsourcing in India and concludes that outsourcing is likely to be a good thing for the U.S. economy and for international trade.
Outline:
Introduction
Reasons for Outsourcing
Actual Rate of Job Loss Attributable to Outsourcing
Positive Domestic Effects of Outsourcing
Benefits to International Trade
Outsourcing Case Study in India
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few years the United States economy has emerged as a growing economy, dramatically and irreversibly impacting the global market. One of the most significant impacts of this growing economy lies in the area of outsourcing to foreign countries. The United States government and large corporations view outsourcing as a method of enabling international trade to prosper and allowing industries to grow. This economy has an international impact in regard to the recent trend in outsourcing and off-shoring; many domestic headquartered companies are now turning to outsourcing manufacturing and production to drive down costs."
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International Trade Questions, 2005.
A review of the concept of international free trade and factors that impact on this theory.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the major trade issues related to theories of comparative advantage, outsourcing as well as trade quotas and tariffs. Additionally, this paper reviews the concept of free trade in relation to free trade zones and the World Trade Organization's role in governing international free trade. This paper then examines the role of free trade agreements in international trade.
From the Paper
"Comparative advantages in certain product categories are established by the constraints under which the product and or services are manufactured or produced. Products that are generally considered to be labor intensive usually provide a comparative advantage to countries where the labor pool is cheap and plentiful; i.e. China and India, while countries that are highly developed and the labor pool is comprised of wage workers who expect and receive higher wages are disadvantaged in such product or service categories. In such cases, the trade off is, according to the theory of comparative advantage, that the emerging markets where cheap and plentiful labor exists offers cost-benefit advantages for companies to locate their production facilities in these markets, and consequently, companies with higher level products or technologies market their products to these emerging economies."
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International Trade in Germany, 2008.
A discussion of the recent decline and recovery of international trade in Germany.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview on Germany's international trade activity. The paper maintains that Germany is one of the most powerful states in the world at the present time. It points out that due to its technologically powerful economy, Germany is the fifth largest economy in the world, and economic statistics show a maintaining similar position for the following years. The paper discusses Germany's trade relationships with the United states, as well as countries throughout Europe and Asia. The paper concludes that Germany's continuous modernization process ensures the country's success in international trade activity.
From the Paper
"However, Germany managed to make a comeback in 2006 due to implementing a series of labor market reforms. These reforms started to be implemented during the former government that was ruled by Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. The implementation of these reforms continues during the current government ruled by Chancellor Angela Merkel, but they are supported by other reforms of measures initiated recently. As a consequence, 2006 brought a reduced budget deficit within the European Union's 3% debt limit. Unemployment was reduced to 7%. The overall economic growth in 2006 was of 2.2%."
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Do Countries Benefit from International Trade?, 2008.
This paper examines the benefits and problems associated with international trade.
953 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how international trade has become the backbone of our modern, commercial world, in which producers in various countries profit from an expanded global market. The paper relates that, on the one hand, international trade has lifted large populations out of poverty as the theory of comparative advantage is put into practice by more people across the world. The paper also explains, however that, on the other hand, globalization of world trade has also resulted in serious problems such as growing socio-economic inequality and an "asymmetrical" growth of economies.
From the Paper
"Adam Smith demonstrated in his Magnus opus, "The Wealth of Nations," way back in 1776, that individuals would be better off if they specialize, instead of trying to be economically self-sufficient. He also suggested that the same principle can be applied to international trade, i.e., countries can exchange the products and services that they are relatively good at producing for those things that other countries are relatively better at producing for mutual benefit. David Ricardo (1772-1823), British economist and businessman, went a step further in extolling the virtues of International trade through his theory of Comparative Advantage by suggesting that it can be beneficial for two countries to trade, even if one of them is able to produce each item more cheaply than the other. Despite these theories, the subject of globalized trade still invites controversy. Let us see whether countries really benefit from international trade."
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International Trade and Investment, 2002.
A look at international trade and rules of investment.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
A paper that discusses the common forms of tariff and non-tariff aspects to international trade. The paper discusses government subsidies, aid & loans, customs valuation, quotas, standards, licensing arrangements, local legislation, import licenses and foreign-exchange control. The author also looks at barriers to international trade and investment.
From the Paper
?In the interest of a country?s economical activities, the government of a nation has the right to levy multiple barriers to trade. There are two kinds of barriers to trade: 1. Tariff 2. Non- tariff barriers to trade and investments. Both of these methods of hindering trade effect investments as well as trade in general.?
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