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International Terrorism, 2007.
This paper examines what international terrorism is and its manifestations throughout the years.
3,024 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a definition of terrorism and explains that international terrorism is intended to be on a broader scale, with largely recognized targets so as to capture the attention of the world community. The paper brings September 11, 2001 as a vivid example. The paper discusses how international terrorism has grown with modern communication and technology. The paper looks at terrorism in the late 1960s, in South America, in Vietnam and in the 1970s. The paper concludes by explaining how international terrorism is distinguished by three distinctive characteristics.
Outline:
Introduction
The Late 1960s
South America
Vietnam
The Cold War Era of the United States and Russia
The 1970s
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Acts of international terrorism can be traced as far back as 1931, with the first documented hijacking of an airline passenger jet in Peru. However, depending upon how you define "international terrorism," international terrorism might be traced even further back, during the Christian crusades in the Holy Land. There was, too, the French Revolution, which was preceded by acts of violence committed by covert agents of change. The American Revolution was effectuated in large part by covert agents acting against British law and authority and perpetrating acts of violence against the British soldiers."
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International Terrorism and the United Nations, 2002.
The role of the UN in combating international terrorism.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, £ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the United Nations has played a leading role in the 1990s to deal with the reality of international terror. This paper addresses various situations in which the United Nations acted upon terrorism attacks. Another point addressed in this paper is the extra resources that the United Nations bring to the table that deters terrorism to a point.
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International Terrorism, 2007.
A discussion of the reasons behind terrorism.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to take an even-handed approach to understanding international terrorism. The author presents three examples of terrorism and shows why an organization would resort to terrorist activities. The types of terrorism discussed by the paper include ideological terrorism, terrorism for the liberation of an oppressed minority and state sponsored terrorism. The author concludes that international terrorism is motivated by an organization's inability to use traditional, accepted, and legitimate channels of activity to accomplish the political, ideological, or religious goals of the group.
From the Paper
"An example of ideological terrorism, the Baader-Meinhof group in Germany became a leading left wing group in West Germany. As West Germany was dominated by United States notions of democracy, the left wing Red Army Faction was thus going against the grain of society. Described by government forces as a terrorist group, it saw itself a military group who was forced to rely on urban guerilla tactics to achieve their aim. The roots of the organization were those who were originally students, but the opposition grew as Communism was outlawed and many ex-Nazi right-wingers came to assume political office. This growing threat of right wing influences in the government motivated the youth as did a series of inciting events including a death of a student, shot by a member of the military. The rising tension led to a strong left opposition and a right counter-response which led to the formation of the Red Army Faction. After training with the PLO, the Red Army Faction returned to stop the urban imperialistic course of Germany instigating a series of bank robberies and arson attacks. The actions of the Red Army faction culminated in the German Autumn in 1977 in which there were substantial amounts of deaths, an important hi-jacking with Arab ties, and the ultimately resulted in the death of many of the key members of the Baader-Meinhof Group. This time was a time of fear among Germans after World War II. The objectives were never clear, but the group was in opposition to the right wing tendencies of West German and was in support of a more leftist government. Thus it was an ideological war being fought that resulted in failure as there was fear, but not substantial gains made by the Red Army Faction. "
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International Terrorism, 2006.
This paper looks at how, in order to fight terrorism and prevent acts of terrorism, we must create a comprehensive definition of terrorism.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problem in creating a comprehensive definition of terrorism, noting that defining terrorism more clearly is a beginning point for further discussion. How the term is defined can determine what solutions are offered. International terrorism creates particular problems because what is seen as terrorism in one context or by one particular observer may not be seen that way by another.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is a label for various forms of political violence directed at a civilian population by a non-military group trying to spread terror in order to force some political end. Americans more and more use the term as short-hand for attacks by Muslim groups, but terrorism around the world may have nothing to do with a specific religious group or political structure at all. The target of terrorism has often been the West, but terrorism can be directed at any regime that some group wants to influence. The approach taken is to frighten the populace in order to force the government to capitulate to some demand, even to the extent of demanding a complete change not merely of leadership but of the very form of government and of political ideology."
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International Law vs. Terrorism, 2005.
A look at how international law has become faced with the new challenge of terrorism.
3,125 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
How do terrorist threats challenge the current international legal framework? Should the current framework of international humanitarian law be altered? This paper reviews existing international law, challenges to those laws, how countries have responded to terrorism vis-a-vis the implementation of new laws, the justifications used by countries to side-step existing laws, and more.
From the Paper
"In the event that national courts prefer not to assume the role of investigating and prosecuting criminals connected with terrorist acts, other jurisdictions may become involved. One, the Security Council of the UN, under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, "has broad powers to take measures for international peace and security." Also, there is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a court associated with the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court (ICC). According to its charter statement - the "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court" - this court was set up on July 17, 1998, by a coalition of 120 states participating in the "United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court.""
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International Terrorism and Palestine, 2006.
This paper discusses the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and its attempts to destroy Israel.
873 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the beginnings of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) from their bases in Jordan and Lebanon. The paper discusses how the PLO became an international terrorist organization and how its splinter organizations of Islamic Jihad, Hamas and Abu Nidal developed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Growth of the PLO and International Terrorism
Karamah
Black September: PLO Terrorism Spreads to Europe
The Invasion of Lebanon
Abu Nidal: Origins, Structure, and Operations
Summary
From the Paper
"Israel truly has a strong military presence in the Middle East. This presence has been felt by Arab nations during various wars. The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) found that terrorist acts were the best means for attacking Israel. Under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, the PLO waged considerable attacks on Israel throughout the years. Israel fought back and weakened the PLO on numerous occasions. However, Arafat regrouped and obtained various allies such as German terrorists to bring the PLO to the forefront of international terrorism. This power has subsided with Arafat conducting peace talks; however, other terrorist groups have taken the place of the PLO."
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Law Enforcement vs. International Terrorism, 2005.
This in-depth paper analyzes the changing role of law enforcement administrators and agencies around the world in the face increasing global terrorism.
5,449 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 94.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper opens with a comprehensive and historic look into both the American and British law enforcement agencies. The writer of this paper traces the origins of the British Sheriff's office back to the Norman Conquest which took place in 1066. This paper delves into the significant increase of international terrorism while focusing on the effectiveness of various law enforcement agencies in America and around the world in combating this growing problem. This paper discusses the views and opinions of several historians regarding the increase and decrease of crime and terror from the medieval times and up to the present. The writer of this paper examines specific historic events and their resulting impact on global terrorism including the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War and the 9/11 terror attacks. This paper analyzes the manner in which the Bush Administration moved to establish additional intelligence and enforcement cooperation among the existing agencies in order to more effectively face terrorist threats such as al-Qaida. This paper contains detailed and in-depth historical facts and dates relevant to this particular topic. This paper also examines the manner in which recent advancements and progress in technology are assisting law enforcement agencies around the world to thwart off potential threats of terror.
From the Paper
"Various historians have offered various different reasons for the unexpected decrease in the crime rate during the comparatively modern times, and there were some who assumed that perhaps it was industrialization and urbanization and modernization that contributed to this phenomenon. There were some other scholars and researchers who theorized that in actuality crime had not diminished, but had in fact shifted form bodily assaults that were popular in those times, to crimes that were more or less closely related to property, which also indicated that the nature of crime had shifted from an innate scarcity and paucity, to a greater prosperity as well as a free availability of material goods and possessions during modern times. There is also another form of opinion, which states that the decrease in crime seemed to have happened irrespective of industrialization and urbanization."
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Diplomacy and International Terrorism, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose of the official face-to-face talks held recently by representatives of the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses diplomacy and international relations with particular regard to official face-to-face talks held recently by representatives of the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The paper discusses the contradictory nature of the foreign policies agendas of the two nations and concludes that the recent face-to-face talks were little more than a superficial public relations stunt and will have little if any impact on combating international terrorism.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the first official face to face talks in thirty years between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran generated a lot of media attention and speculation, but they are unlikely to produce any meaningful progress in dealing with international terrorism because of the diametrically opposed worldviews of these two nations. Iran and the United States have incompatible foreign policy agendas--the Bush Administration is implacably opposed to any expansion of Iranian influence in the Middle East and the Teheran government is implacably opposed to the expansion of American influence in the region. Consequently, the recent face to face talks were little more than a superficial public relations stunt and will have little if any impact on combating international terrorism."
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International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism, 2008.
This paper examines the article "The Lessons of International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: Address to RUSI Conference in Transnational Terrorism, A Global Approach" by Anthony Cordesman.
739 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews "The Lessons of International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: Address to RUSI Conference in Transnational Terrorism, A Global Approach" by Anthony Cordesman that discusses the need for international cooperation in counter-terrorism efforts. The paper looks at how Cordesman focuses on instances of cooperation and the lack of it in the past. The paper then points out that although Cordesman's work is logical, it is still merely the opinion of one expert on this subject.
From the Paper
"Cordesman's article clearly addresses experts in the field of counterterrorism, through a developed set of points regarding historical lessons that have been learned with regard to the need for international cooperation in counterterrorism efforts and future suggestions about such communications. The author first points out discrepancies in the definition of terrorism that are dependant upon the intent or view of the individual or organization, then moves on to discuss seven points about international communication on counter terrorism."
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International Security in the Face of Terrorism., 2005.
This paper discusses the terrorist threat to firms in international business.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the terrorist threat to firms in international business. The writer discusses the nature of contemporary terrorism and the global scope of the terrorist threat. Security audits, including interim audits by managers are also examined. Further, the writer discusses the general need for awareness and vigilance.
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Terrorism and Counter Terrorism, 2004.
A study of the development of international terrorism and counter terrorism, both in general and specifically, since the events of September 11th, 2001.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the way counter terrorism and terrorism have changed since 9/11 and the growing role of the U.S. It also looks at the development of 'modern' terrorism and the possible consequences of the continuing War on Terror. It debates whetherr or not September 11th, 2001 can be seen as a day that changed the face of terrorism. It also discusses how since the invasion of Afghanistan, terrorist attacks have become more numerous and high profile although their basic purpose remains the same, to gain attention. It puts forward the view that what has changed about terrorism since 9/11 is the amount of media attention it now controls.
From the Paper
"As well as presenting a recent point of reference for terrorist activity, the conflicts in Palestine and Northern Ireland also show two different ways of dealing with the problem, certain aspects of which have been adopted by the United States. In the case of Britain and Northern Ireland, the conflict is one of territory and security for those who want British rule. In Palestine and Israel however, the situation is based purely on territory. This difference in the foundation for the terrorist action seems to have dictated the way in which terrorism has been dealt with. Because of the presence of British citizens in Northern Ireland, and the small section of society that is involved in the unrest , it has been British policy in recent years to try and settle the situation through political sanctions and increased security measures to prevent terrorism."
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The U.S. and Global Terrorism, 2002.
This paper discusses the policy that the United States needs to adopt a strong policy against international terrorism.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, to combat the threat to international security, the United States must try to have the United Nations play a leading role in the effort. The author believes that there also must be strong unilateral action.
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"Terror" in the Mind of God: A Study of Terrorism, 2005.
This paper studies the dangerous influence that religion has on some believers-- an influence that ignites terrorism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Using Mark Juergensmeyer's book "Terror in the Mind of God" as a reference, this paper examines how religion sometimes influences its believers in such an extreme way that they turn to terrorism in the name of God. The paper examines the origins of terrorism, cultures of violence and the future of terrorism.
From the Paper
"Juergensmeyer's ideas discussed in the book go against what most criminological theories of crime causation tell us. Rational Choice theory, which is the theory used almost exclusively in today's criminal justice field, believes that criminals choose to commit crime by weighing the potential benefits versus the potential risks. (Siegal, 107). This assumption that offenders make a rational informed decision affects crime prevention strategies (Siegal, 129). The religious terrorist, however, is in a cosmic frame of mind where moral religious values override any sense of legal right or wrong."
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State Terrorism, 2004.
An analysis of state terrorism, with a focus on internal and external state terrorism.
1,743 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon of state terrorism. The paper defines state terrorism as violence upon a national population committed by national governments or their proxies. The paper presents identifies internal state terrorism as forms of dictatorship and suppression of democracy. The connection between state terrorism and leaders is examined in the paper.
From the Paper
"As such, we may associate state terrorism with two different manifestations: internal state terrorism, where the terror mechanisms are directed towards the population of the respective national state, and external state terrorism, when terror is used on foreign citizens in order to destabilize foreign regimes. I have emphasized this difference as it may appear that the role of the leader is somewhat different in these two cases. Indeed, if we refer to internal terrorism, the role of the leader is always central here. When we are referring to internal terrorism, we are generally referring to forms of dictatorship and suppression of democracy. Perhaps the most eloquent example in history is the Soviet Union. From the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 up to Stalin?s death, which may be identified as the period of terror use at its highest levels, the Soviet political scene was dominated by two emblematic figures that were to remain in history as two of the most ruthless: Stalin and Lenin."
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