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The International Monetary Fund's Loans Policy, 2008.
A discussion of how the International Monetary Fund's policy on conditional loans hurts rather than helps the economies of developing nations.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the policy of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to impose stringent conditions upon the loans it releases to developing nations. The paper pays especial attention to why the IMF approach hurts developing nations and how the lending policy of the Fund acts as a sort of neo-colonialism that perpetuates north-south global imbalances. Finally, the political nature of the IMF and how this manifests itself in the loan conditions of the Fund is touched upon. In the end, the paper maintains that the IMF would serve everyone better if it would narrow its scope of activities and focus on preventing fiscal crises rather than aggravating them in the world's poorest states.
From the Paper
"The debilitating impact of IMF loan policies upon developing nations does great harm in a host of areas, but it is arguable that the greatest impact is felt in the realm of business-labour relations. To wit, the International Monetary Fund's unwavering commitment to "labour-market flexibility" has meant that labour laws and wage standards have been revised dramatically downward in nations that are already shouldering heavy loan obligations that they must wonder if they can ever pay off. According to a 1995 United Nations Trade and Development Report which Cavanagh and his team seize upon, the new "flexible" labour laws do not encourage an increase in productive capacity, and they surely do not encourage the creation of work. Instead, they make firing workers easier and they reduce the ability of unions to protect vulnerable employees (Cavanagh et al, 2000). In the end, the devastating reality for struggling men, women and (sometimes) children in poverty-stricken nations desperately trying to extricate themselves from one problem after another is that their governments' reliance upon IMF loans makes their job security, working conditions, wages and benefits (such as they are) entirely dependent upon the capricious whims of foreign corporate mavens who know that they can count upon the IMF to work on their behalf."
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The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, 2006.
A review of the structural adjustment policies of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
3,360 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and examines the results of their structural adjustment policies on the borrowing country through the ages. This paper also reviews the influence of the modern day G7 nations on the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
From the Paper
"The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund was founded after World War II to help avoid great depression, the Bank and the Fund supplying member governments with money to avoid short-term crisises. In New Hampshire financial representatives from the 44 allied nations devised methods to reduce the impediments to international financial growth that had arisen as a result of the war. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was created to refresh theinternational trade volume that had decreased due to instability while war, when countries had abandoned the gold standard. The US dollar become the universal standard of currency, specialists found it the best substitution for gold."
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World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, 2005.
This paper discusses the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its relationship to the economy of Indonesia, China, Thailand, the Philippines, Korea, Vietnam and Cambodia.
3,980 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have been responsible for lending billions of dollars to Asian countries over the past thirty years; but, in the past, some countries were unable to repay their loans and the loans had to be refinanced in order to support the country's economy. The author points out that, to protect their investments, the IMF and the World Bank conduct a series of negotiations with the government that wishes to borrow money; these negotiations establish a series of policies and changes that the government promises to establish in order to enhance and strengthen its economy. The paper relates the economy and relationship to the IMF of several Asian countries including Indonesia, one of the leading recipients of foreign bank lending, whose history of borrowing has been troubled by political corruption and an unstable financial sector.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Indonesia
China
Thailand
The Philippines
Korea
Vietnam
Cambodia
From the Paper
"China used to be one of the world's poorest countries. Twenty years ago, 80 percent of the population was living on less than US$1 a day and there was an illiteracy rate of 60 percent. However, over the past two decades China has made enormous progress in reducing poverty. In 1978 and again in 1995, China launched an economic reform program which took it from being a communist economy to a market-based one. The economic reform package brought the country up to average growth rate in gross domestic product of 8 percent a year. Growth has continued in China and the poverty rate has declined, bringing more than 200 million Chinese above the poverty level."
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The International Monetary Fund, 2002.
This paper explains the objectives and activities of the International Monetary Fund. (IMF)
630 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a powerful international institution that works together with the World Bank to provide support and guidance to nations in all stages of economic progress. The paper explains that the IMF is responsible for managing the global financial system and supplying loans to its member states to help alleviate financial problems.
From the Paper
"The IMF, using a fund pledged by the member nations, buys foreign currencies on application from its members for the purpose of discharging international indebtedness and stabilizing exchange rates. The IMF currency reserve units are called Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). "
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The International Monetary Fund, 2001.
A look at the International Monetary Fund and its role in supporting the global economy.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 11 sources, £ 63.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the International Monetary Fund's Role (an international organization of 183 member countries), including an analysis of its successes and failures.
From the Paper
"The International monetary fund (IMF) is an international organization of 183 member countries. It was established to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange arrangement; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payment adjustment (IMF) 2001. The success of this mission is partially achieved because of the political, social, cultural, economic infrastructure, and the continuous, fast change and spread of information technology. People in the developed and under-developed countries are exposed to an avalanche of information about the economic growth and prosperity of the developed nation. Poverty, Hunger, substandard living conditions, pollution, and epidemics of AIDS especially in Africa still go very much unnoticed. The recent protest in Washington DC as well as in Seattle and Europe against the World Trade Organization (WTO) testify to the resentment of many against the fund policy and ok the need for change."
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History of the International Monetary Fund, 2008.
A review of the history and evolution of the International Monetary Fund.
3,585 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the history of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from its creation in 1944 and then provides an analysis of its creation, purpose, and function. The paper examines the organization's effectiveness in promoting international cooperation and explains how it maintains orderly exchange arrangements, and then discusses four problems that the IMF has dealt with. The paper also discusses the major transitioning points that caused a transformation of the IMF's policies and then follows with a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Effectiveness of the IMF
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of the IMF really depends on who is being asked. As Stone (2002) emphasizes, "The interests of powerful countries define the parameters within which the International Monetary Fund operates, and the limits of what it can achieve. The IMF is, after all, an international institution, not a supranational one" (12). In reality, virtually all of the stated purposes of the IMF can be viewed as being means to other ends, and the effectiveness of these purposes relates directly to whose interests are being best served. The general goal of encouraging the economic well-being of the entire world, as expressed in clause 2 above calling for more streamlined international trade, is fairly nebulous. Nevertheless, although it is difficult to place a dollar figure on the IMF's overall contribution to global economic well-being, or even to the growth of world trade since its inception, an extrapolation of how well the organization has prosecuted its stated purposes can be discerned from the growth in international trade that has taken place in the interim. "
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The International Monetary Fund, 2008.
An argument calling for the abolishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
2,610 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the history and policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and contends that it has failed in promoting the conditions for economic growth in developing countries. The paper shows how flawed IMF policies have not promoted economic growth in Third World nations but instead have made economic growth virtually impossible. The paper asserts that organizations like the IMF should be abolished, for they are perpetuating the fundamental economic injustice inherent in a global economy where the powerful industrialized nations prosper by exploiting undeveloped ones.
From the Paper
"Numerous Congressional hearings have confirmed this assessment, for Congress has harshly criticized the International Monetary Fund, and added fuel to the firestorm of controversy that has surrounded the IMF since its mishandling of the Asian financial crisis. Public disputes over the leadership of the institution are intensifying, and massive demonstrations such as occurred in Seattle are demonstrating that the IMF is under siege as it has never been before in all of its fifty-six-year history."
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International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2008.
A look at the harsh conditions the International Monetary Fund (IMF) imposed on developing nations receiving IMF assistance and the consequences of those conditions..
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines IMF policies and structural economic demands and how they affect national economies and local populations. The paper relates that, while such structural conditions to a country's economy might, for the most part be well intentioned, they often have disastrous outcomes or, at best, minimal benefit to the receiving nation The paper then presents suggestions for alternative assistance strategies for struggling nations.
Table of Contents:
Overview
The IMF and Jamaica
The Gender Factor
Possible Alternatives
From the Paper
"IMF SAPs are deigned to result in an increase in tradable goods and services that are defined as goods or services that can be traded on international markets rather than local markets. The indirect but clear impact on the local labor markets affected by IMF policies, such as Jamaica, is that while males that are more commonly employed in the non-tradable goods and services industries experience higher levels of unemployment, women, in contrast, are increasingly sought after to work the assembly and production lines that produce the tradable goods and services, they are still responsible for their child rearing, child care, and home-making duties."
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The International Monetary Fund and its Assistance to Russia, 2000.
A brief explanation of the bailout and assistance rendered to Russia by the International Monetary Fund during the financial crisis of the late 1990's.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 22.95
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From the Paper
"Established in 1946, the IMF was formed as an international organization of 182 countries, established to promote international monetary cooperation, orderly exchange arrangements; that fosters economic growth and high levels of employment; have exchange stability, and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries under enough safeguards to help ease balance of payments adjustment. It was now time for Russia to turn to the world for help."
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Argentina and the International Monetary Fund, 2008.
An examination of the effects of economic restructuring and the International Money Fund (IMF) on Argentina.
3,007 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights how the pressure placed upon Argentina by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to reduce its debt and adopt conservative economic policies has enervated that country and denied it the chance to optimize its human resources. It also looks at how Argentina's leaders must be held responsible for the situation that it finds itself in.
Table of Contents:
Paper Proposal
Economic Restructuring, Argentina, and the International Monetary Fund
From the Paper
"Approaching the final weeks of 2001, the Argentine government's dangerous high-wire act finally fell apart. On August 21, 2001, the International Monetary Fund recommended an $8 billion increase in an earlier $14 billion stand-by loan for Argentina. However, in late November of that year, it was discovered that the federal deficit of the Argentine government was $1.3 billion higher than the limit agreed upon three months earlier. In a precipitous move, the IMF withheld the planned-upon $1.264 billion disbursement in the first week of December, 2001. The official reason given was that the Argentine government had over-spent on domestic matters. Whether that was indeed the case or whether other factors were behind the fateful decision, the economy and government of the South American country could not survive without the withheld capital. The end result was a toppled regime and an even worse economic crisis than the previous one (Boudreau, para.14)."
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The International Monetary Fund, 2005.
Considers how international institutions and the IMF are used to stabilize international economies.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international institutions in general and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in particular, are used in the international economy to stabilize economies. The paper also evaluates the criticism leveled at the IMF in recent years.
From the Paper
"Today's economies are linked on a global level. For example consumers in the United States purchase computers manufactured in Japan and receive service assistance from call centers based in India ..."
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The International Monetary Fund, 2000.
2,080 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 1 source, £ 46.95
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Abstract
An overview of the International Monetary Fund, including the reason for its founding, its history, and role, as well as definitions for several key terms.
From the Paper
"The International Monetary Fund, or IMF as it is called, provides support and supervision to nations in all stages of economic progress. International trade is a key element to enable nations, large and small, to strengthen their economic positions. Larger nations need the international market to export their goods and services, and smaller nations also need this world scale market to import products so they are able to produce more efficiently."
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International Monetary Fund and Asia, 1999.
Examines I.M.F.'s role in bailouts of nations, focusing on Asia and I.M.F. failures. Discusses pros and cons, effects, austerity measures and politics.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank managed to draw criticism from the political, left, right and center for their activities and policies. Interestingly enough, the left and right agree on their distaste for some of these policies, although for different reasons. The right worries about measures the IMF institutes as inherently anti-growth, while the left complains that the IMF measures are destructive to the local populations.
From the Paper
"IMF
Introduction
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank managed to draw criticism from the political, left, right and center for their activities and policies. Interestingly enough, the left and right agree on their distaste for some of these policies, although for different reasons. The right worries about measures the IMF institutes as inherently anti-growth, while the left complains that the IMF measures are destructive to the local populations.
During the past year, the IMF has both expressed a new, expanded understanding of its role in the world economy and been involved in attempting to stave off economic collapse throughout Asia. In the following pages, the focus is on exploring some of ..."
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International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), 2002.
An overview of the IMF.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 21 sources, £ 84.95
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Abstract
Overview of the IMF. How it is organized and how it works. Its purpose as the central institution of the international monetary system. Its economic aims. Its monitoring of world financial issues. Its structure and chain of command. IMF functions. Effectiveness of the IMF; handling of financial crisis; Economic bailouts.
From the Paper
"The International Monetary Fund
Membership
Created on December 27, 1945, when 29 countries signed its Articles of Agreement at a conference held at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) commenced financial operations on March 1, 1947. Currently, there are 183 nation-states that are members of IMF. Unlike the United Nations (UN), where each member nation has an equal vote, voting power at the IMF and its sister organization, the World Bank, is determined by the level of a nation's financial contribution (World Bank/IMF Fact…, 2001). Over time, sovereign nations not initially involved in the formation of IMF have sought and secured membership, resulting in the present force of 183 members."
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