| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "INTERNATIONAL LAW NATIONAL INTERESTS": |
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International Law and National Interests, 2008.
Argues that international law does not have an independent effect on the behavior of states.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, even in cases where states obey an international law, they do it because it's in their best national or security interest to follow the law. The paper utilizes the rational decision making model to introduce this argument. The paper then presents the Crimean war of 1854, the current Iraq War, the dispute over the Bakassi peninsula between Nigeria and Cameroon and the "Montreal Protocol" and chloroform carbons as examples. The paper also reviews treaties and agreements, which deal somewhat directly with individuals, such as the international criminal court of justice. The paper concludes that state interest, which is shaped by the position of its political class, citizens and interest groups, determines if the state preference is to follow international law or not.
From the Paper
"A good example of a states following international law because it is in their national interest was the dispute over the Bakassi peninsula between Nigeria a Cameroon. The Bakassi peninsula is an oil rich region between Nigeria and Cameroon. This peninsula has been cause of serious rivalry between Cameron and Nigeria. Both countries claimed that they had jurisdiction over the peninsula. The complexity of this case required a review of old colonial documents between these nations and their colonial masters. "
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Public International Law, 2006.
This paper discusses the enforceability and influence of public international law.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 22 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that international law first emerged as a system of rules to govern relations between sovereign countries. The writer notes that amongst its many functions, international law serves to facilitate trade between nations, avoid conflict, and offer protection for citizens worldwide. It is argued by critics that International law is not 'real' law because, as distinct from national law, it lacks a well-defined and structured legal system. This essay addresses the fundamental elements of sovereignty, legislature, police, and courts, and their applicability to public international law in general. By examining these key elements, it is shown that in comparison to national law, international law is weak, ineffective, and not really 'law'.
Outline:
Introduction
Who Rules International law?
The Creation of International Laws
The Enforcement Debate
Non-Compulsory Courts?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In International law, all states are sovereign and as such are equal in theory. However, it can be considered that in today's International legal system the major players are western nations, most notably America. It is probable that these countries exert more of an influence on the world stage than smaller nations, effectively making the international legal system unequal. In a national legal system, the sovereign is generally well defined. However, International law has no such structure, and lacks a sovereign. The sharing of sovereignty between states is a weakness of the international legal system that is generally not found in national legal systems."
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International Law, 2005.
A look at the definition of international law and the ways it affects the behaviour of states.
1,301 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper considers international law in relation to domestic law by analysing to what extent international law constrains states in their actions and how it applies in different ways to different states. It looks at how international law is concerned with the regulation of the behaviour of states not individuals while in domestic law, individuals are the principle legal subjects.
From the Paper
"Under most domestic legal systems the legal subjects, that is the citizens, enjoy considerable freedoms in private transactions. One can enter into agreements with others, create companies or associations and undertake many other actions. However this contractual freedom is not without constraints. Transactions cannot be made that contravene public order or some form of moral standards - they will be declared null and void. Every domestic system has a set of values that cannot be ignored by individuals, even when engaging in private transactions."
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International Law vs. Terrorism, 2005.
A look at how international law has become faced with the new challenge of terrorism.
3,125 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
How do terrorist threats challenge the current international legal framework? Should the current framework of international humanitarian law be altered? This paper reviews existing international law, challenges to those laws, how countries have responded to terrorism vis-a-vis the implementation of new laws, the justifications used by countries to side-step existing laws, and more.
From the Paper
"In the event that national courts prefer not to assume the role of investigating and prosecuting criminals connected with terrorist acts, other jurisdictions may become involved. One, the Security Council of the UN, under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, "has broad powers to take measures for international peace and security." Also, there is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a court associated with the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court (ICC). According to its charter statement - the "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court" - this court was set up on July 17, 1998, by a coalition of 120 states participating in the "United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court.""
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The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict within International Law, 2005.
Examines this Middle Eastern conflict within the realm of international law.
3,658 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the nature of the Arab-Israeli conflict, in itself, is not irresolvable. International law clearly provides the means for settling the issue; Israel and Palestine should both recognize the other's right to existence and security, and pre-1967 borders, with no exceptions, should be respected. The paper argues that were we living in an international community in which international relations were determined by the just application of the law, the conflict may have been resolved. However, since we are living in an international community in which international relations are determined by force and power, the conflict is constantly becoming more and more critical because one side to the conflict has been given the power to disregard the law, while the other has been denied the protection of the law. The paper shows that the Arab-Israeli conflict is not, therefore, examined in this research in order to argue a solution, but as a means of exposing, in the author's opinion, the true face of international relations as governed by the law of force and power.
From the Paper
"At the very start of the occupation, that is in 1967, Israel admitted that it was an "occupying force." A few years later, Israel insisted that it had to continue its occupation of Arab Palestinian lands until a final peace treaty was signed. Meanwhile, Israel began to establish Jewish settlements, or what can be defined as small Jewish villages, on the Arab lands. To justify doing so, contrary to international law which prohibited an occupier from establishing settlements on occupied territories, Israel stated that these territories were "of strategic importance to its defense," and therefore, "land would be expropriated for settlements that would serve Israeli security interests." At this point, Israel stated that the status of these occupied lands would be negotiated over in the final peace settlement."
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The Implications of International Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the need for a validity of international law and the International Court of Justice.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of international law and the role that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) plays in resolving disputes between nation states. The large increase in the number of cases is favorably as it shows the willingness of states to use the Court to reaffirm their conviction in the legality of their position in a conflict against a stronger opponent.
From the Paper
" For as long as history has been recorded, nation states have joined forces by entering into treaties in an effort to avoid violent conflict and war (i.e. League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles). In previous times, the Catholic Church mediated international disputes (Currie 2003). These agreements were implemented in an effort to prevent brutal crimes against society, somewhat like a rulebook for war. Treaties between nations involve all parties agreeing upon and adopting a set of rules that dictate interaction with one another ranging from battlefield rules to diplomatic protocol, including a framework for resolving contentious issues among states."
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International Law, 2002.
Discusses the development of international law and organizations.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 14 sources, £ 95.95
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Abstract
Discusses the development of international law and organizations. Principles for international resolution of conflicts. Development of treaty agreements. Compares and contrasts the structures, powers, and effects of three international legal bodies: Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague, League of Nations Permanent Court of International Justice, United Nations International Court of Justice.
From the Paper
"International Law and International Organizations
Introduction
Huig de Groot, known as Hugo Grotius, was the author of one of the first and a still influential text on international law, war and justice - a text titled De Jure Belliac Pacis, or The Rights of War and Peace. Published in 1625, this treatise was based in large measure on principles derived from the Law of Nature and the Law of Nations. Grotius held that a civil right derives from the laws of a sovereign state, "But the law of nations is a more extensive right, deriving its authority from the consent of all, or at least of many nations (BECK Index, 2001, p.2)." Grotius established several principles for international resolution of conflicts, most of which in his era centered upon military interaction between one state and ..."
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The Use of Force in International Law, 2004.
This paper discusses that, as the world changes, so has the concept of international law, especially in the area of the use of force.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concepts of self-determination and human rights have had a great impact on international law. The author points out that the entire issue of using force to settle international disputes is now disputed, except for situations involving self-defense and humanitarian grounds. The paper states that the behavior of the state, according to the different laws, ultimately decides the behavior of the other states towards it and, thus, establishes a pattern of behavior of all states at a very practical level.
From the Paper
"The charter of the United Nations itself clarifies the position by stating that the charter does not impair the traditional rights of the individual or any group for self-defense when attacked. This is to be combined with the position as defined in the practice of international law as shown by the Caroline case. This case also shows certain principles, and the chief among them is that the response must be proportionate to the perceived harm or received damages. Even in this case, there are differences of opinion. The relative importance of the UN charter or the Caroline case has to be decided."
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International Patent Law, 2007.
An examination and comparison of articles relating to international patent law.
8,276 words (approx. 33.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper illustrates, analyzes and compares articles regarding the existing obligations or provisions regarding international patent law. It examines those provisions that fall under the Paris Convention, the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Berne Convention and the Rome Convention. It also looks at the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and the European patent Convention, the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and the European patent Convention.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Implementation Of The Trips Agreement
National And Most-Favored-Nation Treatment
Patent Right Exhaustion: Doha Declaration (Analysis Of Article 6)
TRIPS And Article 7 (Technological Promotion And Public Protection) Health Analysis
General Enforcement Obligations: Analysis Of Article 41
Fair And Equitable Procedures Article 42
Evidence (Article 43)
Article 45: Damages - Comparison and Analysis Related to IP Where Applicable
From the Paper
"The guides existing to allow action that is effective in prevention of infringement state the "the requirement procedures permit 'effective action' speaks to all possible remedies, including civil, administrative and criminal procedures, as well as border measures, customs, tax and communication procedures." Copyright law in countries of optical media product export has proved ineffective in terms of media licensing and "countries have adopted optical media licensing regimes." TRIPS has as an obligation the provision of "effective actions" of infringement upon rights under this Article. It is held that Article 41 when combined with 61 (assumed to be understood as subsumed within the requirements of Article 41" make it a further requirement o countries to make the provision of any remedies "available" and not limited to those that are only within the law. Article 61 obliges countries to make the provision of criminal procedures and penalties "at least in cases of willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright privacy.""
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International Law Commission, 2002.
This research paper discusses the International Law Commission (ILC or Commission) of the General Assembly (GA) of the United Nations (UN).
3,159 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 22 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This overview focuses on the ILC's mission, historical origins, composition and membership, functions, standards and accomplishments. It shows how during its first decade and a half, the ILC made significant contributions to the codification of existing international law and to its progressive development. It examines ways in which the ILC was successful in its early days and studies various criticism of its functions.
From the Paper
"Article 13, para. 1a. of the UN Charter provides: "The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of . . . promoting international cooperation in the political field and encourage the progressive development of international law and its codification." ILC was created by GA Resolution 174 (II) on November 21, 1947. Its first members were selected on November 3, 1948 and it held its first working session on April 12, 1949. Its mission, as described in Article 15 of the Statute of the International Law Commission was: (1) "the more precise formalization and systematization of rules of international law in fields where there already has been extensive State practice, precedent and doctrine;" and (2) "the progressive development of new international law," which Article 15 defined as "the preparation of draft convention on subjects which have not yet been regulated by international law or in regard to which the law has not yet been sufficiently developed in the practice of States." "
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The Failure of International Laws in the Congo, 2002.
A proposal for investigating the failure of international laws in protecting the citizens of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thesis proposal for investigating the failure of international laws in protecting the citizens of the Democratic Republic of Congo from invasion and human rights abuses.
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International Law, 2007.
An overview of the principles and types of international law.
1,673 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are four types of legal systems in existence in the modern world: civil law, common law, customary law, and religious law. It look at how all four types of legal systems have lengthy histories and share some common elements and how one can see the overlapping influence of different legal systems in each different type.
Outline:
Legal Systems
Transnational Crimes
From the Paper
"Those countries associated with the common law are based on precedent and find their roots in English law. Common law systems give their judges the power to establish law and lower courts are required to follow those decisions. Therefore, the source of the law is custom and even in areas where there are no statutes there may be guiding laws. Legislatures continue to have the power and ability to make laws, but courts have the power to make law, not simply interpret it. More importantly, though the laws in common law countries have often been written and codified, it is the fact that judicial decisions initially formed those laws that separate common law countries from civil law countries. "
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International Law, 1988.
Examines weaknesses & strengths of World Court, treaties, U.N., concluding that international law is necessary & valid. Studies cases of Iran, WWII, Korea, Nicaragua.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 3 sources, £ 61.95
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From the Paper
" This paper discusses the question of whether international law deserves to be called law. The ineffectiveness of international law in the face of military power is well known, but the role of international law in preventing most disputes and conflicts among nations from reaching the point of war is often ignored. It is argued that international law is, for all its shortcomings, a vital mechanism for keeping most of the world at peace most of the time.
Introduction
When, in 1979, the revolutionary Islamic regime in Iran took hostage the entire staff of the American Embassy in Tehran, it was a violation of a precept of international ?- ?the sanctity of the harald? ?- that could be traced back to the dawn of recorded history. The United States government brought this (...)"
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