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International Environmental Clean-up Efforts, 1998.
A discussion of environmental pollution and the efforts made to clean-up and reduce the damage caused by the pollution.
1,326 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses various regions and how soil degradation, air or water pollution, pesticide misuse, overpopulation, wildlife extinction or threatened biodiversity, and deforestation impacts these regions. The paper examines the root causes of these problems, and the strategies that local governments, businesses, or individual citizens can implement to lessen the negative impact on the environment in these regions and help prepare them for a more sustainable future. The paper considers factors such as limited resources in the region, focusing on practical solutions to the problems in relation to funding development and implementation on a local level. The writer considers whether outside sources might be needed and how much or what extent the outside source will be involved.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Capacity for Management
UNEP & UN-HABITAT
Project Combination Brings About Improvement
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"The plan for clean-up was supported through proceeds of fundraising. UNEP implemented a total of 16 "works projects at the four hotspot sites" which was at the cost of $12.5 million. Further provided through international bilateral support partners was the means to fund six more projects totaling twenty-two efforts.
UNEP worked with Novi Sad Waterworks immediately beginning construction work on a hydraulic barrier for prevention of the contaminated ground water migrating from the refinery to the wells holding the drinking water. UNEP and others they partnered with at the Pancevo petrochemical plant performed the installation of equipment needed at the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) plant for recovery and treatment of 400 tonnes of spilled EDC that had come from the damaged storage tanks at some point during the conflict."
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Environmental Justice, 2005.
An in-depth study of environmental justice and environmental racism with a focus on the state of Illinois.
17,249 words (approx. 69.0 pages), 60 sources, APA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thorough review of the problem of environmental racism and whether it does indeed exist in Chicagoland. The paper also examines whether or not instances of environmental injustice have increased or decreased since President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 12898 was issued in 1994. The paper also attempts to determine whether the civil rights movement in general has left the environmental injustice/environmental racism agenda behind.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
Chicagoland Contaminated Sites
Environmental Racism/Environmental Injustice
Civil Rights Movement/Environmental Justice
Methodology
Results
New Handling of Environmental Remediation
Post-Executive Order 12898
Pre-Executive Order 12898 Remediation
Second Radioactive Cleanup Site
Printing Chemicals
Lead Removal at East St. Louis Sites
Illinois EPA Projects, 2004 and 2003
Activities in 2003
Activities in 2004
Activities in 2005
Discussion
From the Paper
"Within days of taking office the first time, William Jefferson Clinton initiated his 'governing by memoranda' activities. This article begins with his immediate overturning of the Bush I gag rule concerning abortion, and then went on rapidly to other birth-control issues, gays in the military and more. Because of these rapid and far-reaching actions, the concepts of policy tools has become one open to more scrutiny than before Clinton began his series of 25 presidential memoranda and 18 executive orders that "implemented the administration's reinventing government initiatives." Among the important memoranda this article analyzes was Executive Order 12898, the purpose of which "was to 'focus Federal attention on the environmental and human health conditions in minority communities and low-income communities with the goal of achieving environmental justice'." The memorandum, however, "specifically involved" civil rights laws already on the books and required to be used by federal agencies in, arguably, all the agencies' endeavors."
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Environmental Policies, 2006.
This paper looks at the shaping of environmental policy and environmental law.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that there can be little doubt that a host of factors determine a nation environmental policy, just as there can be no doubt that a host of factors determine a country environmental laws. With that in mind and at the risk of appearing simplistic, it may be said that environmental policy is the public posture a government takes on environmental issues as well as the way in which it materially addresses environmental concerns through the allocation of resources and or through the physical regulation of industries.
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Germany?s Environmental Policy after Reunification, 2004.
This paper is evaluates the integration and achievements of Germany?s environmental policy after reunification.
9,415 words (approx. 37.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, many years ago, the development of a systematic environmental policy began in Germany; but the reunification of the two German states (Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic), in 1990 created a great new challenge for German environmental policy because of the extensive environmental damage in the former GDR and because of the major economic crisis that started during this time. The author points out that the most remarkable result of increased environmental awareness was the development of an ?eco-industry,? a new manufacturing sector that develops pollution-control devices and other environmentally useful equipment. The paper concludes that the constantly changing world of politics requires innovative strategies to keep up with these changes; therefore, all available economic resources, environmental group leadership, and public environmental support, including the Green Party, should combine to overcome the obstacles created by potential economic and environmental tradeoffs.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
A Brief Review of Germany?s Environmental History
Integration of Systems and Policies
Energy and Environmental Policy
Environmental Programs and Initiatives
Methodology
Results of Study
Organizational Structure of Environmental Protection in Germany
The Environment
Germany?s Future
Economic and Political Options for Environmental Protection in Germany
Traditional Features of German Environmental Policy
Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Regulations and government actions to protect nature and human beings against environmentally hazardous activities of commercial and industrial firms have a long history in Germany. Environmental protection is anchored in private and public law, including building, public health and sanitation, and police laws. The Water Rights Act and the Factories Act set the standard for many subsequent laws. The various regulations created to prevent offensive emissions from becoming a nuisance to health and property were systematized and concentrated for the first time in the Prussian Industrial Statute of 1845."
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The Influence of Environmental Organizations on U.S. Policy, 2006.
An in-depth discussion on the influence of three environmental organizations on U.S. Federal Government environmental policy.
3,399 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
There are many environmental groups which have a tremendous effect on the policy of the United States with regards to the environment. This paper explores how three of these groups, the Sierra Club, Environmental Defense, and the National Audubon Society have exerted their power to effect federal governmental policy. The paper gives the background and mission of these organizations as well as some notable accomplishments and further goes on to explore their sources of power in exerting their influence as well as the claims that they have too much undue influence over federal government policy.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Sierra Club
Environmental Defense
National Audubon Society
Influence of Environmental Groups
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These are some heavy charges to be levied against the environmental groups and those who the Center for the Defense of Free enterprise feels are in concert with it. One of the reasons this group might feel this way is because groups such as the Sierra Club, Environmental defense, and the national Audubon Society have pushed for years to keep the rainforests from being cut down which hurts the interest of lumber group. They have also pushed for tougher standards for car emissions hurting the interests of car makers, and they have pushed for standards on how companies can dispose of their waste products which often costs companies millions to comply."
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Controlling Environmental Pollution, 1994.
Examines govt. efforts to reduce toxins. Looks at the environmental Protection Agency, Clinton administration, examples of pollution & effects and monitoring air quality.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, £ 33.95
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From the Paper
" Ideally, a risk-free environment is one where all the technologies that are being utilized work together harmoniously, so that no pollution or danger to the public exists. However, creating a risk-free environment is a complex task. Too often efforts to resolve one environmental problem fail to consider the effects this solution will have on other environmental risks. For example, although the industrial release of toxins into the U.S. environment fell in 1992 for the fifth straight year, waste generation rose slightly.. Furthermore, while scientists are working on a fuel cell power supply that could power the cares of the 21st century--which would use hydrogen and oxygen to produce electric power with less pollution than other fuels.--a recent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report raises the possibility that the so-called "zero emission," or electric.."
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Environmental Problems and Social Action, 2007.
This paper attempts to reveal how social conscience and action can change environmental policy for the better in Japan.
2,978 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the environmental problems in Japan and then explores how these problems can be affected by social actions aimed at decreasing the intensity of contaminants, stopping environmental degradation, preserving organic assets and controlling wastages. The paper discusses the need for social groups to provide the producers and customers obvious indications about the price of employing ecological and organic assets. The paper also talks about the efforts that Japan must make to reinforce legislative and organizational formations managing ecological supervision. The paper concludes by pointing out that, while Japan has its own environmental problems to deal with, the solution to these problems cannot be executed in other countries as every government and social group varies.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Fiscal Measures
Amalgamation
Environmental Audit
Environmental Statistics
Public Partnership
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The post-industrialization era in Japan has radically transformed its political landscape, along with its societal elites and non-profit social organizations. Furthermore, a new mode of relationship has been discovered between the individual members of the society and nature. This is being thoroughly nurtured by non-profit social groups and organizations through collective social action (John et al, 1987). It is important to note here that social action ought to be backed by political influence. However, political influence varies from one part of the country to another (Yasumasa, 2001). For instance, social actions taken in Tokyo may have more political influence than social action taken in a remote city of Japan."
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Environmental Problems in Latin America, 2008.
This paper looks at the pressing environmental issues of genetically modified crop cultivation and deforestation in Latin America, as well as possible solutions.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Latin America has been struggling with some serious environmental concerns over the last two decades. Air and water pollution, pesticide abuse, soil degradation and deforestation are some of the pressing issues in this part of the world. Furthermore, this paper looks at the case of Argentina to see how the country, which has been struggling through an economic crisis, has seen the bitter end of an environmental catastrophe, and its efforts at redeeming the situation. The drastic effects of genetically modified crop cultivation (in particular GM Soya) and deforestation, the two most important environmental issues, are assessed in this essay.
Outline:
Introduction
GM Soya (A boon or Bane?)
Deforestation
Solutions to Environmental Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The FSC, developed after the Rio Digenero summit in 1992, focused on the increased global requirement and the depletion of natural resources. FSC is a non-profit organization that offers environmentally sound solutions for managing forests around the world. Asides playing an active supporting role in developing the national and regional forest management standards, the FSC also works with local certifiers to ensure FSC compliance standards are met. In Argentina, the FSC is playing an active monitoring role, and thus the rapid deforestation activities from the paper and other industries, which were thus far unchecked, would now be carefully monitored and assessed for their environmental impact. The Success of the FSC initiative can be attested by the fact that six plantation companies in the country namely Santa Barbara SRL, Faplac, Fiplasto, Forestal Las Marias, Lipsia, Tabepicua, and the Union Bank of Switzerland have become FSC certified bringing a total forest area of around 131,000 hectares under the FSC certification process."
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Environmental Protection, 2007.
This paper takes a look at the necessity of environmental protection.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of environmental protection. Specifically, the paper discusses what environmental protection is, and why it is vital in today's global culture.
Outline:
What Exactly is Environmental Protection?
A Short History of Environmental Protection
Why Environmental Protection is so Important
Why Some People are Opposed to Environmental Protection
How the Environment is a Vital Part of our Lives
From the Paper
"Some people do not believe humankind can destroy entire ecological niches on the planet; they believe it will always "heal" itself in some way. Others do not believe that humans are causing environmental issues such as global warming. These people are opposed to most environmental protection efforts, because they see them as "liberal" posturing, causing expenditures that could be used in other areas. Many business owners, especially those engaged in harmful industries, such as chemicals and such, are opposed to environmental protection because they feel it takes away some of their profits and applies rules and regulations that are difficult to conform to. As another environmental author notes, "Environmental regulations are certainly costly. The relevant question is whether they produce much in return. After all, if the benefits outweigh the costs, it may not be worth quibbling over the price tag" (Adler 653). In addition, many people are opposed to government agencies controlling environmental policy, as they feel there are too many rules, regulations, and government meddling already, and environmental protection simply adds more regulation and government intervention to the problem. "
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Environmental Justice, 2003.
Examines environmental justice and its effect on Native-American communities. Provides a study of environmental racism.
17,010 words (approx. 68.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
This research provides an overview and review of the research concerning Native-American or other minorities to identify and understand the cultural differences that lead to environmental racism.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Importance
Scope
Rational
Definition of Terms
Overview
Chapter Two - Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Environmental Justice Research
The Campo Indian Landfill War: The Fight for Gold in California Garbage
Chapter Three - Methodology
Data Validity
Human Health and Social Effects
Analytical Methods
Treatment Technologies
Originality and Limitations
Summary of Methodology
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis
Chapter 5 - Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper
"Native American nations have become increasingly concerned about the adverse effects that toxic substances have on human health and the health of the environments on which these communities depend. Many tribal governments are now working to identify environmental contamination problems and their sources; establish and enforce environmental regulations and standards; and develop long-term environmental protection objectives and restoration plans that will promote balance and health in their communities and in their relationships with the natural environment. As the magnitude and complexity of environmental problems have increased, the scientific and technical competency of Native Americans has grown to the point where they now demand a meaningful role in risk assessment, remediation and restoration decisions."
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China's Environmental Issues, 2008.
A discussion of environmental issues affecting China.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses serious environmental problems in China. The paper explains that due to overpopulation and industrialization, pollution has become a major issue within China's borders. The paper then looks at how migrants from rural and farm areas have begun moving to cities and densely populated locations at the alarming rate of approximately 20 million per year, and how this has put an enormous amount of pressure on employment within the city and has given rise to may social ills. The paper also discusses the effects of industrialization in China. The paper points out that it is not until recently that controlling industrial pollution has really gained momentum in China.
Outline:
China is Suffering Serious Environmental Problems
Root Causes of China's Problems
Strategies Chinese Local Governments, Businesses, or Individual Citizens Have Implemented to Lessen the Negative Impact on the Environment in this Region and Help Prepare it for a More Sustainable Future
Practical Solutions to these Problems that can be Funded, Developed, and Implemented Locally, or Will Long-Term Solutions Require Assistance from Outside Sources If Outside, Detail Extent of Involvement
The Philippines Has Also Attempted to Overcome Problems Similar to China's
The Success or Failure of the Philippines in Their Efforts
The Environmental or Social Factors Aiding or Hindering the Implementation of Those Plans
From the Paper
"The environmental problems in this area are due mainly to a massive population growth and urbanization in cities near the coast. This has increased industrialization in the area attracting high pollution technologies dealing with the production of energy. The South China Sea has become a dumping ground for vessels that use its waterways and for spills that may occur during ocean voyages. This environmental meltdown can be seen in satellite photo-images of the South China Sea, in which dense closed of smoke haze hang over the landscape."
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Environmental Management, 2003.
Explains the different approaches to environmental management and waste management within organizations.
4,233 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates different approaches to waste management by exploring ways that can help organizations become more environmentally aware and by constructing an example of an environmental policy for a particular organization. The paper also examines the impact of UK and European Union environmental legislation on organizations and describes the different types of waste produced by organizations. It offers suggestions to organizations about how they can reduce waste and presents an outline for a particular organization of the environmental and commercial benefits of reducing waste.
Main Structures and Approaches To Environmental Management
Compare and Contrast Attempts to Raise Awareness
Environmental Policy ?Best Practice?
EU legislation / Regulation for Environmental Management
Approaches to Waste Management
Different Types of Waste Produced within Each Council
Evaluation
From the Paper
"The Reading Borough Council is implementing an Environmental Management System, which complies with both the international standard ISO14001 and the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). These accreditations mean that the Reading is one of the top local authorities in the field of environmental management. The Environmental Management System (EMS), which is also in place at the Royal Borough or Windsor and Maidenhead, currently covers a number of services. The EMS along with Agenda 21 (discussed in task 2) and Sustainable Development initiatives, are all aimed at achieving and improving a balance between economic, social and environmental issues in the Borough."
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Environmental Problems, 2007.
A study of the environmental damage caused to the Middle East's natural resources.
2,124 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates in detail how industrial development, political changes and war in the Middle East have created a train of environmental and health problems today. It discusses the problems and notes that there have been efforts at addressing environmental degradation in the region. The paper maintains, however, that the complexity of the issue requires stronger commitment, especially in relation to legislative frameworks, resources, coordination between policies and strategies. It also points out that environmental degradation, such as wetland destruction and water depletion or loss, is also critical in countries in Asia and in Europe.
From the Paper
"Already scarce arable land is getting lost to desertification. Hazardous wastes, sewage, agricultural and other chemicals are polluting fresh water, while oil pollutes coastal zones. Coastal zone pollution, in turn, puts coral reefs, wild fowl and fishing areas at great risk. Massive and unprecedented urbanization, migration from the rural areas and resettlement of political refugees and foreign workers drain city services (VanderMeer). The great oasis of the Middle East, Mesopotamia, has lost 93% of its wetlands and what remains is now threatened to be blotted out by a war."
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Environmental Racism, 2008.
A look at the phenomenon of environmental racism in the United States.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that environmental racism underlies policies, practices and directives which discriminate against people of color in environmental issues. The paper looks at studies that show how race has remained a major determinant of socioeconomic predictors and that more than half of the populations living in proximity to hazardous waste facilities were African-Americans, Hispanics, Blacks or Asia/Pacific Islanders. The paper discusses how environmental racism has persisted despite increased advocacy and awareness. The paper then looks at the major environmental health hazards that include lead poisoning, toxic housing, toxic schools and asthma.
New Ways of Viewing the Same Situation
Color Tips the Balance
Environmental Racism Persists Despite Increased Awareness
The Income Gap is Wider Today
The EPA Ineffective, the Rise of the Environmental Justice Movement
Citizen Action and Litigation
From the Paper
"Inequality among communities is a concrete reality. Economics, political influence and race are among the criteria in the distribution of amenities as well as dis-amenities (Bullard 2003). Racism is a very major consideration in the United States. Environmental racism is one of its forms and found in housing, employment, education and voting. It is an environmental policy, practice or directive, which discriminates, intentionally or not, according to race or color. It is a form of environmental injustice concretized and reinforced by government, legal, economic, political and military institutions. It blends with public policies and industrial practices, which make Whites benefit more than color people to whom the costs are passed on (Bullard)."
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