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Intermediate Sanctions or Prison, 2008.
A discussion on whether intermediate sanctions are a better alternative than traditional incarceration in the public or private prison system.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how both public and private prisons have certain strengths as well as weaknesses in their administration and how intermediate sanctions are a viable alternative to prison sentences. Through a review of the literature, the paper examines how alternative sanctions appear to be effective options to long prison terms and how they may reduce recidivism rates, while saving American taxpayers money.
From the Paper
"On the other end of the spectrum, Blakely and Bumphus (2004) define private prisons as those run by private entities that have contracts with government agencies. Curtis R. Blakely is on staff at the University of South Alabama, while Dr. Vic W. Bumphus is on staff at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Private prisons are not a new concept by any means and were operational in Europe during the seventeenth century. The recent trend towards this type of facility began in 1984 in several States such as Tennessee and Florida. A great advantage in the private prison system as compared to the public prison system is cost: private prisons can deliver the same correctional service as a government facility, however at a significantly lower cost. "
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Residential Intermediate Sanctions, 2006.
This paper looks into the case of a young person with a history of minor criminal offenses and discusses the issue of residential intermediate sanction programs.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the case of a young person who is a habitual thief and whose rehabilitation has been stalled despite probation and intensive supervision. The paper argues against certain forms of residential intermediate sanction programs such as boot camp or home confinement in favor of a half-way house environment wherein he can be thrust into a leadership role while trained professionals deal with his behavioral issues in a non-threatening and supportive way. The writer maintains that all in all, this appears to be the best solution for Ricardo and the best solution for society as a whole.
From the Paper
"The case of Ricardo is common enough in contemporary society. He is 19 years-old (no longer a juvenile) and he has a history of minor criminal offenses including Driving under the Influence, burglary and shoplifting. He is not physically violent and has never been convicted of a felony. His present offense is larceny, committed when he stole from a customer of the carpet-laying business for which he previously worked. According to probation reports, he needs more structure than can be offered by probation or by intensive supervision - but nowhere is there a recommendation for a prison sentence. All in all, he needs to gain more discipline, better work habits and greater respect for others. Given what has been outlined above, it is clear that an intermediate sanction program is in order - but what kind of sanction program is best for Ricardo is, as of yet ..."
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Intermediate Sanctions, 1999.
Policy analysis of use of sentencing between incarceration & probation, focusing on drug court diversion programs.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, £ 33.95
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From the Paper
"INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS: A POLICY ANALYSIS
This research develops a policy analysis of the use of intermediate sanctions in the administration of criminal justice. The most severe sentence in non capital punishment cases in the United States is incarceration in prison, while the least severe sentence is probation (Langan, 1994). An intermediate sanction is a sentence that is less severe than incarceration in prison, but more severe than probation.
Public policies are the guidelines for public action. They prescribe, in general terms, (a) objectives, and (b) the means by which those objectives will be pursued. Policy analysis is the application of a variety of political and cognitive strategies to the formulation or evaluation of a public policy (Starling, 1993). Policy analysis is not based in a single discipline.."
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Prison Reform Sanctions, 2008.
This paper discusses whether intermediate sanctions are a better alternative than traditional incarceration.
1,578 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that in the United States, there are two types of prisons: public, paid for by taxpayers, and private in which business and industry run prisons for capital gain. The writer maintains that although public prisons are far from perfect, they appear to be a better alternative than private sector prisons. Since both have major flaws, alternative sanctions must be explored when examining the issue of prison reforms. The writer then discusses that there are many valid alternatives to public and private prison incarceration, which may be as effective in reforming the offender. The writer concludes that alternative sanctions appear to be effective options to long prison terms and may reduce recidivism rates, while saving American taxpayer money.
Outline:
What is the Current Condition of Prisons in the United States?
What Alternative Sanctions are Available?
From the Paper
"Although safety may be a factor in private prisons, the efficiency level at which these facilities are run appears to be above that of public prisons. One study actually found that the incarceration length of an average inmate in a private prison is less than half that served by an inmate in the public sector.
"As stated, private prison systems are very cost effective, often 5 to 15 percent below public prison costs of operation. However, the failure to rehabilitate prisoners in a productive manner may cost society a bigger price in the end."
"Overall, although private sector facilities house less dangerous inmates, these prisons appear to be a more dangerous environment due to the lack of staff on duty. Although public prisons are far from perfect, they appear to be a better alternative than a private sector prison."
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State Prisons Vs. Private Prisons, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts the state prison and the private prison systems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper is a brief comparison/contrast of state versus private prisons. As should become apparent, there are many problems afflicting the state prison system in the United States of America. That being said, the writer notes there are no guarantees that a private system will be the panacea some have felt it could and can be. In any event, the writer concludes that a conflation of the two might the best answer for America's woes.
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Sanctions and Human Rights, 2002.
Questions whether economic sanctions mitigate internal conflict and halt human rights abuses, using the U.N. sanctions on Iraq as an example.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
In an attempt to influence the behaviour of other states, while avoiding the consequences of military conflict, many states or coalitions of states employ economic sanctions. Proponents of these types of measures argue that they can and do influence the actions of sanctioned states. Their critics argue that they carry little diplomatic weight and impose undue suffering on innocent individuals within the sanctioned state. This case examines the application of sanctions against Iraq in the past decades and concludes that they have had few positive consequences and profoundly negative and immoral impacts.
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U.S. Economic Sanctions against Republic of Panama, 1990.
This paper examines the United States national security during the application of economic sanctions against the Republic of Panama in 1988 and 1989: History of U.S.-Panama relations, potential effects of sanctions, U.S. sanction efforts against other
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 11 sources, £ 73.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines United States (U.S.) national security in the context of the application of economic sanctions against the Republic of Panama in 1988 and 1989. The topic is examined through (1) a brief review of the history of AmericanPanamanian bilateral relations, (2) an assessment of the potential effects on Panama of economic sanctions, (3) an examination of approach of the U.S. government toward the use of economic sanctions, and (4) the results achieved by the U.S. through the application of economic sanctions against Panama. The final section of this research presents a statement of the conclusions drawn from the findings of the research."
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The Ineffectiveness of Economic Sanctions, 2005.
This paper looks at the use of different cases where economic sanctions were placed and argues their ineffectiveness.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper questions the historical use of economic sanctions as a politically heavy-handed tool. It first looks at the historical sanctions that the United States has employed against Cuba and the results that have been seen through the decades. Then it looks at the sanctions that were used against South Africa, somewhat successfully, but questions if these were the reason for the end of Apartheid.
From the Paper
"It seems that we are in an age that loves the "retro," what is old and was once commonplace but is now considered "cool." We embrace motion pictures that are questionable but now nostalgic, we adorn ourselves with clothes that for so long were thought of as yesterday's fashions but are now again trendy. This type of nostalgia and reversion is not only occurring among materialistic avenues; it is also happening in our political thinking and worldviews. It seems only yesterday when the United States was worrying itself over Communism and gulags, over dictators and the Middle East. But that has popped up again, and not just in the "big" war that is happening. We are considering economic sanctions against North Korea and Iran, and we have them in place, not to mention more than a hundred thousand troops, in Iraq."
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Political Sanctions, 2005.
This paper argues in support of political sanctions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why sanctions are not only not antiquated but rather vitally important for the long-term health and security of the United States or any nation. The author points out there is ample evidence that economic sanctions do work to discourage rogue states from continuing with their aggressive and frequently destructive policies. The paper concludes that multilateral sanctions are the most effective means of extending foreign policy influence and is a favorable alternative to military intervention.
From the Paper
"Despite its many critics, there is ample evidence that economic sanctions do work to discourage rogue states from continuing with their aggressive and frequently destructive policies. That said, economic sanctions are only effective if they have the support of the international community and are applied with a measure of practicality that is sometimes sorely lacking in the corridors of power. This paper will discuss the above matters in greater detail with the hope that the end of this paper will bring with it an appreciation for the various ways that economic sanctions can help rather than hinder a nation's foreign policy."
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Sanctions in Cuba, 2002.
An argumentative paper about United States' sanctions against Cuba, presenting both sides of the argument.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the United States' sanctions against the nation of Cuba. The writer attempts to present both sides of the controversy regarding the sanctions against Cuba. The writer argues for lifting the sanctions, and then argues for maintaining them. Considerations on both sides include social concerns, military options and financial effects.
From the Paper
"For the past four decades the United States have maintained sanctions against Cuba. The economic boycott has hit a standstill while the House and the Senate argue over what should be done about the situation. Travel bans and other sanctions have come under fire recently for several reasons(Leavitt pg 07A). Small steps have been taken to try and appease those who want the sanctions lifted while not going completely against those who want it maintained. The debate has sparked heated arguments on many levels of government in both nations(Leavitt pg 07A)."
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Sanctions on Cuba, 2008.
A look at the reasons why the United States inposed sanctions on Cuba and whether they achieved the desired effect.
2,244 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the United States has imposed embargoes and trade sanctions on Cuba over the past four decades, and efforts to remove these restrictions have been met with opposition. The paper explains that the reason for most sanctions and embargoes directed at Cuba relates to the concerns about that country since Castro came to power and how the existence of a Communist regime only a few hundred miles from the coast of the United States was a matter of special concern for the CIA from the time of the Cuban Revolution in 1959. The paper concludes that the sanctions have not had the desired effect and continuing them is a sign of stubbornness and not of an effective policy apparatus.
From the Paper
"The reason for most sanctions and embargoes directed at Cuba relates to the concerns about that country since Castro came to power. The existence of a Communist regime only a few hundred miles from the coast of the United States was a matter of special concern for the CIA from the time of the Cuban Revolution in 1959. The CIA had an operations headquarters in Miami seen by many as a state within a city because it was over, above, and outside the laws of the United States as well as of the international community. The headquarters had a permanent staff in excess of 300 Americans directed a few thousand Cuban agents in different actions, with a budget of more than $50 million a year. "
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Sanctions against Cuba, 2008.
A discussion of the history of the sanctions against Cuba and the reasons for the arguments in favor of dropping them.
2,236 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history, aims, and effectiveness of United States economic and travel sanctions against Cuba. The paper then focuses on the change in public opinion within the United States that favors dropping the sanctions against Cuba. Next, the paper discusses the arguments in favor of dropping the sanctions and presents them as personal recommendations to the President.
Table of Contents:
Situation
Recommendations
Benefits of Change
Short- and Long-Term Change
From the Paper
"Passage of this legislation came at a time when many in congress believed that the fall of Cuba was imminent, based on the example of the Soviet Union and its disintegration. They were wrong, though the sanctions they imposed continue as if they were effective. The formation and maintenance of the policy has been affected from the fist by competing interests in the U.S., and this only adds to the uncertainty seen by many: "The oddities of American politics being what they are, no one can be absolutely certain that the embargo will not last another forty years." Even as the Helms-Burton law was passed, future U.S.-Cuba relations were characterized as bleak as far as any positive change was concerned."
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Civil Sanctions, 2007.
This paper presents an examination of civil sanctions in crime control.
2,811 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the role of civil sanctions in crime control. The writer explores the way civil sanctions are already used in criminal cases. The writer then argues that taking it a step further would benefit everyone involved by alleviating some of the nation's jail overcrowding issues and by providing financial relief to victims of criminals. The writer concludes that the time has come to introduce the use of civil sanctions to control crime in America. The writer points out that it would help alleviate jail overcrowding, it would benefit society by putting money back into the pocket it was taken from through crime and it will serve as a control for would be criminals to stop and think about whether the crime they are about to commit is worth it.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Crime Control
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To be fair, criminal court judges are also at their wits end as they try to handle overfilled courtroom dockets, maintain a sense of order and keep track of how many times a defendant has already been in trouble before deciding what punishment to hand down. Recent history has witnessed Americans taking the law into their own hands, not with acts of vigilantism but with acts of civil summons. Across the nation victims and families of victims in criminal actions are filing civil suits against those who committed the crimes against them or their loved ones. The trial of OJ Simpson was one of the most well known cases, in which the families of Ron Goldman and Nicole Simpson took the former pro-ball player to civil court and got a many million dollar ruling against him. In Nashville the case of attorney Perry March who killed his wife and then worked with his father to hide the body and escape prosecution for more than a decade has also been sued by his wife's family for the distress his actions caused them. The idea of filing civil suits against criminal defendants is not a new one, however, the civil action has nothing to do with the criminal proceedings. With the current overcrowding of America's jails and prisons, and crime including many more types of theft than ever before, the time has come to introduce civil sanctions as a valid method of crime prevention."
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Intermediate Use of Force and Police Management, 2007.
A discussion of the excessive use of force by police officers while apprehending criminals and the alternative, intermediate use of force.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of excessive force used by police officers, a constant concern of the worldwide community, government, political entities and police officers for decades. The alternative to excessive force that the paper presents is intermediate force, which allows officers to capture suspects with the least amount of injury when force is required and ensure their own safety as well. The paper concludes that training and monitoring of law enforcement officers in the intermediate use of force, weaponry, and tactics will provide all police departments with more positive outcomes and ensure that the safety and protection of the society is achieved successfully. The paper includes detailed tables showing examples of force used and charts of assailant/officer action, mapping out the legitimate amount of force to be used.
From the Paper
"In 2002 the city of Detriot, Michigan underwent an investigation regarding police use of force and found that no definitions of force or the procedures that specified types of force were found in the city regulations ("Investigation", 2002, sec. 1). This led to multiple cases of excessive force that were reported to the city, civil rights organizations and the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Michigan. In addressing these concerns, the city attorney advised that the police department of Detroit develop stages of force that were applied to different situations, with intermediate force being a vital inclusion in those stages ("Investigations", 2002, sec. 1). The city attorney stated that intermediate force was significant because it allowed police to use chemical sprays and weapons other than guns as a means of maintaining peace and ensuring that arrests were made."
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