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Macroeconomics of Interest Rates, 2008.
This paper examines the issue of interest rates as it relates to the economy.
1,856 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the recent economic reports and events with respect to interest rates and interest rate movements. The current state of the US economy is examined as well as the Federal Reserve handling of monetary and fiscal policy relative to the economy. Of particular importance is the Federal Reserve's strategic shift in policy from accommodative to appropriate. The writer concludes that it can be seen that interest rates are much more than one of many economic devices that the Fed has to influence the economy but is actually one of theprimary methods in which the Fed interacts and influences the direction of economic growth and expansion.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction & Thesis
Overview of Interest Rates
Types of Interest Rates
Impact of Change in Interest Rates
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Risk structure as it relates to interest rates is essentially the relationship between the interest rates on bonds that have the same term to maturity features. This leads to an active consideration of the default risk which is the chance that a given issuer of a bond may default by not being able to make the interest payments on the bonds at completion of the term or may not be able to meet the face value payment of the bond either. This creates the default risk model which implies that as the risk associated to a bond family increase then interest rates must also increase in order to compensate for the risk premium being incurred. Thus, since corporate bonds are more prone to market failure they typically bear a higher interest rate than government bonds, for example."
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Interest Rates, 2006.
An explanation of interest rates and how they affect the economy's performance.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of how interest rates function, how the Federal Reserve manipulates interest rates as a means of exerting control of the economy and what factors affect interest rates. The paper also discusses Federal Reserve policy regarding interest rates in recent years and concludes that falling interest rates are good for both the economy and the individual.
From the Paper
"In recent months, we have heard a great deal about the importance of interest rates in manipulating our sagging economy. We know that interest rates affect what we pay on our mortgages, credit cards and educational loans. It also impacts how much money we make on the money we deposit with a bank. We have also learned about the effect of interest rates in the stock market: higher interest rates discourage businesses from borrowing money, expanding and hiring new workers, which causes their stock to either stagnate or fall in value. Interest rates have been lowered by the Federal Reserve eleven times in the past year to a four-decade low of 1.75% in an effort to salvage our hurting economy."
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American Interest Rates, 2002.
Analysis of interest rates and its impact on the economy in context of the present U.S economic situation.
3,102 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
yThis paper discusses indepth the state of the economy in context of the rise and then consistent drop in interest rates over the last 5 years. It discusses what the impact is such rate cuts is on all aspects of the economy and also highlights the various kinds of interest rates.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Interest Rates and their Significance as a Macroeconomic Tool
Types of Interest Rates
Impact of Change in Interest Rates on the Current Economy
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The Federal Reserve like other Central Banks seeks to maintain a financial environment within which competitive markets support the efficient use of productive resources. The overarching principle is that central bank should provide the necessary monetary and fiscal stability in a way that leaves the maximum freedom of action to private markets. In keeping with this principle, monetary policy is implemented by indirect means, with an interest rate policy instrument than with direct credit controls. Thus interest rates are part of the Federal Reserve?s key macroeconomic tools that it has at its disposal to control the markets? and inadvertently the entire economies money supply. The quantity of money within an economy can determine various exogenous and endogenous factors that can keep the markets and the economy in close range of the equilibrium position. This is important in-order to prevent the extensive number of boom and bust cycles the American economy has faced in the early part of the last century."
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Interest Rates, 2005.
This paper discusses the Fed's measured and deliberate increase of interest rates over recent months up to current rates.
1,813 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses what interest rates are, who controls interest rates, how interest rates affect an economy, the conundrum of why 30-year interest rates have not increased in spite of all contrary experience, and a conclusion concerning whether interest rates should be increased at a measured or quick pace.
From the Paper
"I wonder if when Nostradamus was predicting the end of the world and saw the world awash in flames, what he really saw was the world awash in debt. Presently, because interest rates in the United States are so low, Americans and American businesses have taken out loans at an increased rate to keep pace with their high demand of goods and services. The Bush administration's tax cuts have added fuel to this spending trend also. The purpose for these two actions was to jump start the United States economy; Policies that have been successful. The real GDP has continued to grow at a good pace and the fourth quarter of 2004 growth of 3.1 percent annual rate is an indication of this growth . But what are the consequences of this growth come?"
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Interest Rates and the Consumer, 2001.
This paper examines how the shifting of interest rates affects consumers in the United States.
2,225 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how interest rates in the financial community affect the consumer and the stockholder. Investment strategies are also briefly investigated, with an emphasis on how interest rates indicate the performance of stocks in a long- term investment plan. It is hoped that through providing enough information on how interest rates affect the consumer, the reader will be better equipped to make informed discussions on the subject.
From the Paper
"Interest rates are essentially the rate of change in the economic community that expresses how the financial institutions are performing. They also act as incentives for the consumer, where if the interest rates are higher the customer is more likely to invest their funds. Interest rates are not stagnant, and change to reflect the current state of the market. As the consumer benefits more when he or she invests at a time where the rates are higher, the consumer is more likely to invest at that particular time."
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Interest Rates, 2002.
An examination of several issues related to the history of simple and compound interest rates.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
Examines several issues related to the history of simple & compound interest rates. Centers on loans, credit. Defines terms. Overview of history of interest rates; fluctations; government economic policy decisions; supply & demand for money. Summary of averages of prime short-term rates (19th & 20th Centuries). Suggests that interest rates are tied to non-economic as well as economic factors.
From the Paper
"Introduction
Sidney Homer (1963), in his seminal history of interest rates, argues that such a history of often dramatic interest rate fluctuations provides an excellent summary of the success of some communities and the failures of others to develop effective commercial ethics and laws and suitable monetary and fiscal techniques and policies. While "credit" is considered a modern device (or vice), a brief survey of financial history will demonstrate that credit was in general use in ancient and in medieval times, antedating industry, banking and even coinage. It is the purpose of this brief report to examine selected issues related to the history of simple and compound interest rates, specifically on loans, and to consider periods when high rates were commonplace in their historical context."
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Interest Rates, 2002.
Examines the history of interest rates and credit.
1,148 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
Sidney Homer, in his 1963 seminal history of interest rates, argues that a history of often dramatic interest rate fluctuations provides an excellent summary of the success of some communities and the failures of others to develop effective commercial ethics and laws and suitable monetary and fiscal techniques and policies. While "credit" is considered a modern device (or vice), a brief survey of financial history in this paper demonstrates that credit was in general use in ancient and in medieval times, antedating industry, banking and even coinage. This paper examines selected issues related to the history of simple and compound interest rates, specifically loans and considers periods when high rates were commonplace in their historical context.
From the Paper
"In this context, Gwartney and Stroup (1990) note that in Keynesian economic theory, the interest rate is linked to the supply of and demand for money. High interest rates have historically induced people to hold less money (i.e., to invest more), while low rates have the opposite effect. During normal times, the demand curve for money is like the demand curve for other goods; when the price (the interest rate) of holding money rises, the quantity of money demanded will decline. The Federal Reserve System, the U.S. monetary authority, often finds it necessary to intervene to "adjust" the interest rate to further "adjust" the monetary supply and demand curves and related activity."
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The Effects of Low Interest Rates on Housing Markets, 2002.
A paper which discusses how lowered interest rates are affecting the housing industry in the United States.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that bank interest rates have been steadily decreasing since the September 11th attack on America and that the attack caused the business failures of major corporations, such as World Com and Enron. It discusses that one of the areas that are going stronger then ever is the real estate industry and many homeowners are taking the option to refinance their homes. The paper shows that banks and financial institutions are not in favor of this procedure as a homeowner who refinances his house may lower his monthly payments several hundred dollars - banks are making significantly less money on the lowered monthly payments through refinances. The purpose of the essay is to discuss how the lowered interest rates are affecting the housing industry.
From the Paper
"House sales are running a record high this year, according to Reaser, chief economist of Bank of America. The refinancing of mortgages is supporting a major portion of the economy that is surviving and thriving. At the present time, refinancing is showing no signs of slowing down; in fact it is steadily increasing. People are putting the extra money into home improvements and buying new cars, another low interest financing option."
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Inflation and Interest Rates., 2002.
Examines the links between inflation and interest rates in a Canadian context.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a generalized discussion of the relationship between interest rates, inflation and unemployment. It then examines the impact of the Bank of Canada's focus on controlling inflation throughout the 1990s and its impact on interest rates, unemployment and the Canadian economy in general.
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Interest Rates and Pensions, 2004.
An explanation of how pension reporting must take into account the change in interest rates.
853 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
An examination of interest rate assumptions for the purpose of reporting pensions. The writer explores the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's generally accepted counting principles. The writer then discusses what happens to various pension accounts when the interest rate assumptions change downward and upward.
From the Paper
"As the nation watched in horror, Enron went down in flames, and in the process took millions of dollars of pension plans with it. People across the nation lost money as Enron?s demise had a ripple effect on the economy and other companies throughout America. It caused individuals to take a closer look at the way their pensions were being handled and it provided a reminder that it is important to have checks and balances in place. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation is in place to manage pension plans. It manages more than 30,000 of them at any given time."
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Interest Rates And Business Cycles, 2002.
Examines the role of interest rates within business cycles.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 13 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
Examines the role of interest rates within business cycles. Centers on U.S. business environment. History of business cycles; lack of uniformity. Use of business cycles & practice of economic forecasting. Usefulnes of business cycles to companies. Analyzing economic measures & indicators. Fluctation of interest rates. Federal Funds Rate. 2 Charts.
From the Paper
"Introduction
Business cycles have long been an area of interest because of the criticality of economic trends for the social and political welfare of the country. Numerous public and private organizations are devoted to the production of regular economic forecasts, and heavily funded research projects seek more accurate and reliable models on which to base these forecasts. While much attention is focused on the area of economic forecasting, and numerous computerized models have been developed to predict economic performance, there is also considerable interest in the role of interest rates within the business cycle. This research examines the business cycle and the role of interest rates within cycles.
Background
Until the 1970s, it ..."
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Business Cycles and Interest Rates, 2002.
The paper traces the history of business cycles over the years and then looks at the role of interest rates within the business cycle.
2,196 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the lack of uniformity in international business cycles. It also examines the way the use and prevalence of business cycles has given rise to the practice of short-term and long-term economic forecasting. The paper looks at whether the fluctuation of interest rates is a result of or one of the contributing factors to a business cycle.
From the Paper
"Until the 1970s, it was widely accepted that the American economy passed through business cycles. Such cycles were characterized by expansion and contraction phases, and conventional wisdom held that such cycles differed in the length of the cycle, but not in the existence of the cycle overall. From 1854 to the mid-1960s, analysts generally considered that business cycles varied in length from between one and eight years, with the most common length being three years and the average length being four (Balasko & Ghiglino, 1995, p. 566)."
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Interest Rates and Unemployment, 2002.
A study of the impact of the federal reserve bank raising interest rates on unemployment.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the impact of the Federal Reserve Bank raising interest rates on unemployment is not implicit and is dependent on many other factors.
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Interest Rates and the Federal Reserves, 2002.
Examines the responses seen when the Federal Reserve lowered the interest rates.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The following paper covers the reactions to the Federal Reserve lowering the interest rates in the United States.
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