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| Essay # 26513 |
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Conducting Business in Japan: A North American Manager's Guide, 2003.
Investigates the Japanese culture and its implications for conducting international business within the country.
5,700 words (approx. 22.8 pages), 26 sources, MLA, £ 97.95
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Abstract
Japan is a force to be reckoned with when it comes to the global business environment. It is imperative to gain an understanding of this nation's unique and intricate culture in order to facilitate success business ventures with its people. This paper first discusses an overview of the Japanese culture, including basic facts, history, government, religion and economy. An in-depth analysis is then performed on Japanese business practices, including Japanese values, meeting etiquette and protocol and women in the business world. Lastly, implications for domestic and international managers within Japan are examined. Also included are numerous interviews with businesspeople who have or are working in Japan to contrast their perspectives with those of North Americans.
Table of Contents:
Basic Facts
A Brief History
Japanese Government
Religion
The Japanese Economy
Japanese Business Practices
- Values in Practice
- Meeting Etiquette and Protocol
- Women in the Business World
Management Implications
Appendices:
Appendix I
Interview Results
Appendix II
Japan?s Placement on
Indices in the Text
Appendix III
Top 15 Important Lessons Every Business Person Must Know Before
Doing Business WITH or IN Japan!
Appendix IV
How Culture Affects Management Approaches: Cultural Dimensions
Appendix V
A ?Must-Know? List of List of Japanese Culture and Customs
Addendum
Article Summary: Current Intercultural Issues and Challenges
From the Paper
"The Japanese have a deep-rooted culture and value system that helps to dictate their daily business dealings. Primary to these values is the concept of trust and of establishing long lasting relationships. The Japanese will go to great lengths to get to know their business counterparts in order to feel at ease with them. Thus, when Western managers first meet their Japanese counterparts, they should be ready to participate in discussions that cover topics such as personal hobbies and family life. Moreover, after creating a bond of trust between the two parties, it is expected that the relationship will last for some time as the Japanese value long lasting relationships that are of mutual benefit. This concept is based on the Japanese heritage of being an isolated nation where people stayed in one place for a long time and thus formed long lasting relationships."
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Intercultural Communications, 2006.
A discussion on the best way to approach learning about intercultural communications.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The subject of intercultural communication has become not just a politically correct topic in today's increasingly diverse societies, but a matter of necessity given the spread of the global economy and the degree of economic integration. Intercultural communication within the business climate implies a degree of acceptance of another culture and language vis-a-vis its business and cultural customs and practices. This paper notes that, while developing intercultural communication skills can be considered a valuable core competency in the contemporary business climate, the development of such skills should be approached in a manner that is not necessarily purely an academic pursuit, but one that is also necessary, personally enriching, and fun.
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Business Rewards Strategies, 2005.
A look at the importance of business reward strategies and approaches in the international organizations.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines reward strategies and other associated approaches in the terms of their potential to add value in our modern international business environment. The paper explains that as the trend of escalating globalization continues, human resource managers and business leaders will have to contend with all new intercultural differences and many multinational organizations require their employees to work abroad. The writer points out that consequently, organizations will need rewards systems and approaches that will address the challenges that will arise in this new global business spectrum. The reward systems will need to be able to address the needs of multiple cultures as well as in multinational teams. The paper shows that since international business has fueled the global economy, from the perspective of business leaders, most feel that the world economy is driven by specific aspects of their organizations. The paper concludes that the how these international business organizations recruit, hire, train, retain and motivate their people will be the true engine that drives the world economy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Human Resource Management
Reward Strategies and Globalization
Rewards that Add Value
The Effect on Employees
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When this process is functioning properly, employees benefit by having their ranking systems leveled and therefore it is not a disadvantage when working in location A over location B. The classification systems of a well managed rewards process does not penalize any employee who chooses to relocate for the benefit of the firm. Other employee advantages to a well managed rewards process can also be seen in the overall job satisfaction, communication and other intrinsic symbols of organizational success.
Rewards packages clearly benefit employees of international organizations when they take into consideration the various cultural differences that may be present throughout the organization. The program must understand how people work in different countries in regard to geographical and organizational differences. These differences could be driven by each country's specific laws, beliefs and cultural expectations. "Depending on where you're sending employees, different services-such as social security, leave and health insurance -will be alternately government-provided, mandated by the government or voluntarily enrolled in by the employee."
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Intercultural Communication in the Classroom, 2004.
A personal analysis of intercultural communication within the classroom, with a focus on middle and high school experiences.
1,931 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the significance of intercultural sensitivity in secondary education, with particular emphasis on teaching mixed cultures. The paper presents the writer's personal experiences as a teacher facing multicultural classes. The paper contends that intercultural communication and associated intercultural sensitivity, whether taught in a middle or high school, may be defined as the ability to communicate with individuals of varying backgrounds, ethnicities, beliefs, morals, and cultures in a manner that is meaningful and encourages knowledge-sharing.
From the Paper
"As an experienced teacher teaching students of many different cultures, I have found that the challenges of intercultural communication include fostering an environment that is supportive and understanding despite complex differences in communication styles and understanding. I have also learned that by creating an environment that fosters intercultural communication one will build a healthier educational environment and reduce conflict in the classroom, particularly with regard to middle and high school students who are more prone to outbursts. However it has also become apparent to me that the initial lack of understanding that results from intercultural communication differences will present a barrier to communication and understanding that needs to be broken before effective communication can occur (Neulipe, 2003). This is the primary job of the teacher, to help foster communication understanding and sensitivity."
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Intercultural Communication, 2002.
A discussion of effective intercultural communication in the workplace.
1,109 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how effectual intercultural communication has become an increasingly significant topic in the American workplace and how the corporate environment is made up of a miscellaneous group of individuals who bring their own unique talents and cultures with them. It looks at how whenever cultural consensus in the workplace breaks down, it tends to be a result of differences in values, morals and ethics. It evaluates how it is important to realize that few aspects of organizational life are more important than intercultural communication and how one of the most valuable skills that a manager can possess is the ability to communicate effectively with others. This communication must bridge the gap that exists between workers who are from different races and cultural backgrounds.
From the Paper
"Differences between co-workers are more apparent when we deal with people who are easily identified as being different from us i.e. they are from another country. But when these differences are subtle, it is easy to see how misunderstandings, confrontations, and serious conflicts may arise at work. ?Despite surface appearances, real differences remain, some of them more important than ever. ?Globalization,? as we're finding out, does not at all imply homogenization; quite the reverse. It means that we now have to deal with difference directly, instead of at a distance.? Like other aspects of culture, workplace differences should not be viewed as bad or good in and of themselves. There is no one ?right? way to deal with any particular situation?but a managers actions will have consequences, and as he or she understands the connection between what they see, what they do, and the results they get, managers will be able to devise appropriate strategies."
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Intercultural Conflict Management, 2002.
An examination of the changing business culture due to globalization and the need for intercultural conflict management.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper describes today?s society as a multi-cultural environment that holds both extreme promise and conflicts. Through rapid developments in technology, global communication has been revolutionized in the past few decades. It explains that, as a result, a greater number of people are exposed to cultures other than their own. Due to communication technology, people are no longer isolated by borders and other obstacles and have ample opportunities to experience different cultures. It discusses how this occurrence has brought conflict amongst people from different cultures, due to differences in language, manners, opinions, lifestyles and other factors. This paper examines how intercultural conflict management has become necessary in helping people to understand one another.
From the Paper
"Conflict occurs at all levels of human interactions, whether it is interpersonal, social, national, or international. Conflict is not always a negative thing. In fact, conflict can be sometimes present an opportunity for growth and development. Intercultural conflict can be individual, cultural, personal and social (Avruch, 1998, pp. 42-44). Ambiguity is a typical characteristic of intercultural conflicts and tends to make people react with a "default conflict style," which can be counterproductive. In addition, language issues present further challenges when dealing with multiple cultures. Often, different orientations to conflict management styles can further complicate intercultural conflict."
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Intercultural Communication, 2002.
This paper examines an imaginary instance of intercultural communication.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper examines an imaginary instance of intercultural communication. The various elements present in this communication, the goals and objectives for the communication of those involved, as well as techniques used in the communication are all examined.
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Barriers to Intercultural Communication, 2004.
Identifies the main barriers to intercultural communication.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the main barriers to intercultural communication and suggests how barriers might be overcome in order to be an effective international manager. It identifies the main barriers as including misperception, misinterpretation, and misevaluation.
From the Paper
"There are certain barriers to intercultural communication. More specifically there are barriers to effective intercultural communication that prevent people from communicating effectively. Learning what these barriers are and how to overcome them will make individuals better communicators and will make international managers far more effective..."
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Intercultural Communication, 2007.
This paper explores the effectiveness of promoting English as the official language of the United States in order to improve intercultural communication.
1,917 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how many different languages are spoken within the United States' borders. The paper examines whether this makes communication and hence understanding between these cultures difficult. The paper investigates racial overtones in the Rodney King beating, the O.J. Simpson trial and the U.S. Patriot Act. The paper shows how language is not at the root of the cultural divide in the country; rather the problem is one of deep-seated communication and understanding. The paper contends that the funds and effort should be channelled into events and legislation that would encourage different cultures to truly communicate with each other, regardless of the language they use to do so.
From the Paper
" The United States of America has been home to an increasingly multitude of cultures since the first immigrants came to its shores during the 1600's. The pursuit of the "American Dream" concept has furthermore made the country attractive for immigrants from many diverse countries. The result is that many different languages are spoken within the country's borders. This often makes communication and hence understanding between these cultures difficult. Phenomena such as racism and hate crimes are often blamed upon this lack of understanding. It is true that racism often arises in criminal and other cases heard in American courts."
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Intercultural Miscommunication, 2002.
Examines the problems in communication issues between African Americans and Caucasian Americans.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth analysis regarding intercultural communication between African Americans and Caucasians. This paper will attempt to explore the root of intercultural miscommunication as well as provide examples of its effect on interpersonal relationships.
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Intercultural Communication, 2008.
This paper focuses on the communication lessons learned from the film "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan".
1,674 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the film "Borat" that portrays a series of encounters between an individual, Borat, and people in the United States. The paper looks at issues of intercultural communication, how sex, gender and power are manifested in verbal behavior and how gender or culture influence non-verbal behavior. The paper also shows how the film illustrates the communication problems and cultural errors that result from using a second language. Additionally, the paper discusses how the film reveals that communication is affected by the tendency of people to hear what they want to hear and to only approve of what they want to hear.
From the Paper
"Intercultural communication is a major issue in the literature on communication and is emphasized in part as a way of training people to understand one another and to communicate in a way that is accepted by others. Many parts of the world today are becoming more alike because of the prevalence of media that exposes everyone to elements of different cultures, though even then, misunderstandings can abound because of a failure to understands and account for real differences in perception and meaning. Some of these problems can be seen illustrated in the film Borat."
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Intercultural Communication, 2008.
This paper discusses the interaction between people from different cultures.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the topic of intercultural communication and discusses that this is an academic field of study that aims to look at how people from different cultures interact with each other. The writer notes that culture can simply be considered as the basic values, attitudes and behaviors of a certain group of people most of the time. The writer maintains that as there is a significant influence of the different cultures on human interaction, it is no longer affordable for the ordinary American to remain ignorant of these cultural diversities. Therefore the motivation to learn more about global cultures was never greater than it is today. The writer concludes that for this very purpose many universities in America and elsewhere are today offering inter cultural communication programs whose objective is to enable people, groups, and organizations to function effectively across borders and cultures, to respect other cultures, and to be more sensitive to the values and attitudes that they hold dear, and at the same time, to be better able to communicate with each other.
From the Paper
"There are various examples of cultural filters in the corporate environment and beyond. Attitudes to the labor market form an important cultural filter. Some cultures prefer lower pyramids of management, where the employees are prepared to take more responsibility for their own work, and management is considered to be a facilitating, rather than imposing presence. In other cultures, relatively higher pyramids of management are acceptable, thus resulting in the employee giving less importance to self-responsibility. Taking the example of employee training, it would be essential for the trainer to be aware of the cultural leanings of the groups in question in order for the training to achieve its objectives. The trainer can elicit reactions such as unwillingness or disinterest if his training methods assume a personal responsibility towards the learning process, whereas the employee is used to being "managed". This confrontation can be avoided through better cultural understanding."
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Intercultural Communication, 2004.
Discusses ways to bridge the cultural gaps that exist in American society.
7,800 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 36 sources, APA, £ 119.95
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Abstract
Over the coming decade, the population demographics throughout the United States are going to continue to change. It will not be long before parts of the country, such as Southern California, have more Latino-Americans than Anglo-Americans. This trend will have a definite impact on all aspects of American life. Presently, Anglo-Americans have very little knowledge about the Latino culture in the States or in other countries. This paper shows that it is imperative that this lack of understanding be diminished for reasons that will benefit the Latino community as well as the American society as a whole. The paper provides a background on the changing demographics, the relatively new social sciences of intercultural and multicultural organizational communications, and examples of ways that this knowledge is being used to create the desired result of a more peaceful society. It is understood that much more research must be conducted and new multicultural communication methods be tried. This necessitates that all Americans, regardless of their nationalities, recognize that the successful future of the country depends on joining forces rather than being in separate cultural camps.
Paper Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Current Research
Bibliography
From the Paper
"He also notes that cultures have different context, or the amount of information a person can comfortably manage. This can vary from a high context culture where background information is implicit to a low context culture where much of the background information must be made explicit in an interaction. People from high context cultures frequently send more information implicitly and have a wider network. They thus tend to be knowledgeable on numerous subjects. People from low context cultures normally verbalize much more background information and tend not to be well informed on subjects beyond their own interests. American culture is considered to be on the low-context side. A great deal of information provides cues on how to proceed and respond. Latin-Americans tend to be in a middle range."
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