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Intelligence and Literacy in United States Society, 2006.
Analyzes and compares articles by Howard Gardner and Jonathan Kozol on the subject.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of essays written by Howard Gardner ("Who Owns Intelligence?") and Jonathan Kozol ("The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society") on intelligence and literacy in American society today. The paper also contrasts the two essays.
From the Paper
"Kozol does not concern himself as much with "types" of intelligence, but rather, what the "lack" of literacy does to a person's self-worth, which in turn relates to how he or she perceives himself/herself and how the person is perceived by society: "Resisting the definition of oneself in terms of what one cannot do, what others take for granted, represents a need so great that other imperatives (even one so urgent as the need to keep one's home in winter's cold) evaporate and fall away in place of fear. Even the loss of home and shelter, in this case, is not so terrifying as the loss of self." (Kozol) One could logically assume that an illiterate would have lesser amounts of Gardner's eight intelligences, as literacy is required for each of them, in one respect or another."
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Colombia and the United States, 2004.
This paper discusses the geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural differences between Colombia and the United States.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that United States and Colombia share a hemisphere, a legacy of European colonization, rough equivalents in terms of life expectancy and literacy, and both appear to be waging two wars at the same time; however, the comparison largely ends there. The author points out that Colombia is treading a very thin line as it seeks to balance the need to continue to pursue its aggressive economic reforms while prosecuting untenable wars against the drug traffickers and insurgents who continue to represent a major threat to the political stability of the nation. The paper stresses that, if stabilized, Colombia could become one of the leading industrialized nations of the world, based on its hard-working and highly literate population.
Table of Content
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Table 1. Comparison of Colombia and United States
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, Colombia still strongly reflects its legacy as a colony of Spain, and is frequently referred to as the most Roman Catholic of the South American countries; the majority of the Colombian people are proud of the relative purity of their Spanish language. The country?s population is heavily mestizo, a term which describes those of European and Indian descent; there are also significant minorities of European and African ancestry. The country?s economy is traditionally agricultural based, especially its world-famous coffee as well as fruit production; however, industries and services are assuming increasing importance. Colombia has the most population of any of the Spanish-speaking nations in South America; more than one-third of its inhabitants live in the six biggest metropolitan areas, of which Bogot? is the largest. Despite the advantages of climate and an abundance of natural resources, Colombia?s political instability has been historically linked with the inequitable distribution of wealth, and the illicit trade in drugs (primarily cocaine) continues to represent a major challenges to the stability of life in Colombian life."
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Literacy in Modern Society, 2005.
A discussion on the importance of literacy in modern society.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This is a three page paper on the importance of literacy in modern society. The essay examines this question briefly from a variety of stances. Included are points regarding the value of an educated populace, the literacy requirements of modern businesses, and the centrality of literacy to modern education.
From the Paper
"The modern world demands literacy as the cost for success in nearly every avenue of life. Literacy is fundamental to the operation and furtherance of Western civilization. A literate citizenry is wider read, understands more complex issues, and is better capable of functioning in society. In short, a literate population is a stronger What makes literacy so important to modern life? Laymen often challenge this conception, arguing that once they graduated from school they never picked up another book. However, this picture of reading doesn't take into account the sometimes-central role that literacy can play in the workplace. The United Way estimates that illiteracy costs U.S. businesses and taxpayers roughly $20 billion a year. Additionally, $5 billion a year is spent in the U.S. supporting individuals who are unemployed because of illiteracy (Korkki 7)."
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The Society of Jesus in the United States, 2002.
An overview of Jesuit activity within the Americam Catholic church.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper will examine the role of the Jesuits in American Catholic history. In a nation that is predominantly Protestant, the basis of much of the Jesuit activity has been in serving the immigrant Catholic communities from Ireland, Germany and Latin America. As will be seen, the Society of Jesus in the United States has reflected the metamorphic tendencies of the Jesuit order in general. However, in the late twentieth century American Jesuits began a process of disengagement or "dialogue" with the global Church and papal authority in general. The final outcome of this "dialogue" remains to be seen.
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The United States and the United Kingdom, 2004.
This paper discusses the historical and current relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the close ties between the United States and Great Britain are deeply rooted in common language as well as a long-running and deeply connected historical base of strongly tied economic as well as militaristic cooperation that has spanned since the era of World War II. The author points out that the United Kingdom is the United States' largest customer and the United States is the country that invests the largest amount, each year, in the United Kingdom. The paper relates that the commonly held values of democracy and the inherently held beliefs in the freedom of speech, human rights and a similar legal system are the ties that bind the two countries inevitably together.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Background and History
Common Initiatives - Joint Investments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States was once under British rule and in fact the American Revolution was fought for the purpose of removing the U.S. Colonies from the rule of the British. The American Revolution was fought and independence was won establishing America as an independent and separate nation from Great Britain but only after a grueling war. Great Britain was determined to keep the Colonies under British rule and after an attack on Charleston and lives having been lost the colonists stated their intentions in a document entitled "Declaration of the Causes and Necessities to Take up Arms" and the action to break away from what most considered to be their mother country began. It has been stated in history that most of the colonists identified with the British and that many of the colonists considered themselves to be Britons."
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Health Care Systems Of United States And The United Kingdom, 2002.
Compares healthcare costs and outcomes.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, £ 33.95
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Abstract
Compares healthcare costs and outcomes. Underlying structures and principles of healthcare in each country. Social policy. Health care delivery. Advantages & disadvantages of each. Focus on quantitative measures (costs, mortality rates, quality, access to care, public satisfaction). Managed care. Fee-for-service. Primary care. Chart of costs. Table of outcomes.
From the Paper
"COMPARATIVE HEALTH CARE COSTS & OUTCOMES ? UNITED KINGDOM & UNITED STATES
The structures and the principles underlying the health care systems in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) are dramatically different. Depending upon one?s perspective on social policy generally and health care delivery more specifically advantages and disadvantages characterize each country?s health care system in relation to that of the other country.
This research compares the costs and outcomes of health care delivery in the UK and the US. The primary focus of this comparison is on quantitative measures. The quantitative measures presented in this research, however, reflect both objective data (e.g., actual costs, mortality rates, and so ..."
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The United States Almost Un-United For Good, 2002.
This paper presents a look at the history of the Confederate Army and the Confederate States of America.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The author takes us through the beginning and end of the attempt to create its own nation despite the fact that the original US still outdid the Confederate States in population, as well as finances and military power. There were six sources used to complete this paper.
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The United States, the United Kingdom and Iraq, 2004.
A look at the strain put on the special relationship developed between the UK and the US because of the war on Iraq.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how, thus far, the UK and the US have worked together fairly smoothly on the war on terror, but that the war on Iraq has placed severe strain on the special relationship developed between these two countries.
From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the current state of the special relationship' between the United Kingdom and the United States in the light of the war on terror and the current Iraq war. The special relationship' refers to the close military and diplomatic cooperation that has characterized Anglo-American relations since..."
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Uniting and Dividing Societies through Food, 2005.
Examining the thesis statement that throughout history, food has been a major driving social force which has concomitantly divided and united humans.
2,246 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The following thesis contains a review of the positive and negative ways in which the search for food has impacted social man. It begins with an examination of prehistoric man and follows him through Peking Man's development, the Neolithic era of farmers and herders, and the Era of Expansionism heralded by the search for salt and spices. This thesis examines man's resourcefulness when confronted by food shortages; lastly, it concludes with a discussion of Darwin's evolutionary theory to elucidate the role of food in man's powerful drive to survive and evolve.
From the Paper
"Beginning with prehistoric man, homo and femina sapiens needed to cooperate in order to be successful predators. The lions, wolves, and jackals they hunted and cooked were their main sustenance. During the Neolithic Era, man evolved into a super-animal who was no longer exclusively predatory; he was now a "settled farmer and stock breeder" (Tannahill, 1988) who could hunt, fish, gather, grow food, and domesticate animals.
Approximately two million years ago, as man continued to evolve, hominids, primates that were more like ape-like than man, developed into homo-erectus, primates who were able to stand erect and bore a more human than ape-like appearance (Stamps, 2000). Peking Man, the earliest, most well known representative of homo-erectus, was discovered in Beijing, China. Examination of the fossils of Peking Man indicate he was a hunter and cave dweller whose diet was mostly venison and other mammals. Most notably, Peking Man was able to control fire. Fire provided the caves with light and warmth but it also positively affected Peking Man's ability to prepare and enjoy food."
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The Possibility of Intrinsically Intelligent Artificial Intelligence, 2001.
An analysis of Searle's argument against the possibility of strong Artificial Intelligence.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 0 sources, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Searle's original argument against the possibility of strong Artificial Intelligence, or what he calls intrinsically intelligent AI. This argument was presented in "Minds, Brains, and Programs" which contains his original formulation of the Chinese Room example and many others. This paper explains Searle's original view (which has been slightly modified in recent years) against the possibility of strong AI. It then examines the serious shortcomings in his argument, namely his flagrant assumption that intelligence is a bio-chemical property, something that he barely mentions in his text. Holfstadter later called this view "bio-chauvinist." The writer examines what it is Searle is trying to say, where his bio-chauvinism comes into play, and what the end result is.
From the Paper
"In his paper "Minds, Brains, and Programs," John R. Searle attempts to establish the impossibility of strong artificial intelligence (AI), that an "appropriately programmed computer" can have genuine mental states. The validity of strong AI implies a direct correspondence between mental states and formal processes, and as such, insists that a properly defined program is sufficient for producing understanding and intentionality in the thing instantiating that program. Searle refutes this claim, arguing that a program could not be sufficient for producing intentionality because for any program it is possible to instantiate it in something without producing mental states in the thing. In elucidating this central point, Searle derives a distinction between "intrinsic" intentionality and "derived" intentionality. He defines intrinsic intentionality as the sort present in things that clearly have mental states, such as people. Searle distinguishes this from derived intentionality, which he claims is ascribed by those with intrinsic intentionality to things that "perform the sort of functions that we perform on the basis of our intentionality," but that do not actually possess mental states or a genuine intentionality. With this distinction, Searle's claim that programs are not sufficient, or even necessary, for producing intentionality becomes a claim that mere things - namely computers for our purposes - can only have derived intentionality and never can possess intrinsic intentionality. Searle's argument, pushed by his example of the Chinese room, at first seems to raise an alarming challenge to AI proponents, but on closer examination it becomes clear that the thrust of Searle's claim relies on some highly debatable intuitions and assumptions he makes a priori. In this paper I will argue that Searle's conclusion is entirely dependent these contestable assumptions and intuitions. I will then attempt to construct what Searle's response to this objection would likely be, and I will conclude by discussing the significance of this debate with regards to AI and all of cognitive science."
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Shakespeare and Society: "Measure for Measure" as a Reflection of English Society and Advice to King James, 2002.
This paper contends that Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure" is a reflection of English society and advice to King James.
2,340 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Shakespeare wrote "Measure for Measure" as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom.
From the Paper
"Shakespeare?s England at the time that Measure for Measure was written was in a state of internal conflict and discord. King James I came to power in 1603 and inherited a kingdom rife with a myriad of social and cultural problems, including corruption in the justice system, religious disputes and crises, and rampant sexual immorality. Shakespeare, the ?King?s Playwright,? as Alvin Kernan dubs him, wrote Measure for Measure as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James, as a ruler with Divine Right and responsibility to his country, with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom."
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The Legalization of Gay Marriage in the United States The Legalization of Gay Marriage in the United States, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of same sex marriage in the USA.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the long debated issue of gay marriage in the United States. This paper reports how proponents of the issue contend that same sex marriage is not about gay rights but about human rights. It further discusses how these individuals believe that gays in modern society have long been subjected to inequalities and a lack of support from the social order. The opponents of the gay marriage issue refer to a stereotypical framework for gays in general that suggests that gays are evil and dangerous to children.
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Plato's Closed Society vs. Popper's Open Society, 2005.
An analysis of Karl Popper's views contrasted against Plato's views on the ideal form of government.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how an open society, as Karl Popper defines it, at its core is simply envisioned as a civilization in which the government progresses based on criticism sparked by individuals and their thoughts. In comparison, it looks at how Popper believes that in Plato's closed society, change of leadership would more than likely involve violence and how Plato's viewpoints are a way for dictators to hold people back.
From the Paper
"In the non threatening environment of an open society, it is seen as likely for people to live peacefully, with the possibility of debates, but limiting them from developing into disputes. Popper backs this assertion up by saying, "[O]ne of the best sense of 'reason' is openness to criticism." As individuals discuss their ideals, progress is continual, with additions and alterations to social policy persisting; it is expected that this progress grants the authority to oust political leaders and their practices in a peaceful and intelligent manner. Bullying through violence and intimidation does not align itself with an open society."
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Adolescent Literacy and Literature, 2005.
A discussion on adolescent literacy in the United States.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 0 sources, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the factor that affect adolescent literacy in the United States. Firstly, it is known that young learners receive much of their early literacy training from their families prior to entering the school system. It explains that this early education may not often correspond to a traditional curriculum, but may be perfectly acceptable within the cultural aspects of the child's community. Furthermore, the child's exposure to literature previous to entering school may be non-existent.
From the Paper
"Adolescent literacy in the United States is affected by many factors. First, it is known that young learners receive much of their early literacy training from their families prior to entering the school system. This early education may not often correspond to a traditional curriculum, but may be perfectly acceptable within the cultural aspects of the child's community. Furthermore, the child's exposure to literature previous to entering school may be non-existent. In either case it is evident that all children arrive at the door of education with varying backgrounds in literature, and that educators must be responsible for identifying and embracing these differences in order to enhance the student's literacy levels throughout his or her educational career. Secondly, many children in the country today exist in impoverished and homeless states. Their abilities to develop literacy strengths are not absent, yet, how these adolescents will ..."
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