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Intellectual Property Rights in U.S., Mexico & Japan, 1997.
Definition and discussion of protective trade agreements, piracy, copyrights, monitoring and penalties; focusing on audiovisual products.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 7 sources, £ 73.95
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From the Paper
"One of the most important trade issues today is that of the protection of intellectual property rights. The United States loses a vast amount of value in intellectual property rights abroad every year by piracy. This research examines the issue of intellectual property rights and piracy in the United States, Japan and Mexico.
The right of intellectual property is defined as "any right existing that is recognized under, inter alia, patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or mask work regimes" (Lackert 162). An estimated $40 billion is earned from foreign sales of United States copyrighted products each year. The audiovisual industry, comprised of motion pictures, videocassettes, music and related products, represents the second greatest export for the United States. Advanced technological innovations and global.."
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Intellectual Property Rights, 2006.
An overview of intellectual property rights and how they affect businesses.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
Several countries, while ratifying the agreement with regard to establishment of the World Trade Organization, also ratified the inherent Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The paper shows that intellectual property rights can conveniently be divided into two main fields - copyrights (or rights related to copyright) and industrial policy. The paper explains that the safeguard of intellectual property is considered as a crucial factor for economic growth and advancement in the high technology sector; they are beneficial to business and assist the public as a whole. The paper shows, however, that several problems arise from the enforcement of intellectual property rights particularly with regards to ownership of information. These include copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, design rights and plant breeders' rights for which an alternative has to be found.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Intellectual Property Rights
What are Intellectual Property Rights?
What National and Global Directives Govern their Enforcement?
What are the Implications for Business?
What Can/Should be Done?
References
From the Paper
"The intellectual property rights have been guaranteed by law and can conveniently be transferred, sold, authorized for rent and in some nations even mortgaged, in much the same way as physical property particularly real property. However, the rights have some confinements incorporating the limitations and other considerations of issues like their contradiction with the fundamental rights and the codified provisions in force. The legal issues involving intellectual property rights have two dimensions."
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Intellectual Property Rights in Pakistan, 2003.
An examination of the situation of intellectual property rights in Pakistan.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the intellectual property rights in developing countries. It first briefly discusses the intellectual property and related issues, followed by the discussion of the state of intellectual property rights in Pakistan, an exemplary developing country.
From the Paper
"As technology improves, the current laws about intellectual property and copyright are being challenged. Copying of nearly everything, from sound, to text, to video is made simple with computers, the Internet, scanners, CD burners and other technology. It is worth mentioning that after Defense products, the second largest net export of the United States is entertainment programming (Anonymous, 1989). The U.S. Department of Commerce estimated the worldwide value of pirated music in the 1980s to be $1.2 billion annually (Griffiths, 1999). The International Intellectual Property Alliance estimated Unites States? losses in the recorded music industry due to piracy at $600 million per year in the 1980s and the numbers are certainly higher now (Griffiths, 1999). There is obviously a lot at stake for those who are involved with the music industry as well as all the other industries affected by piracy."
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Intellectual Property Rights, 2008.
The paper discusses two main aspects of intellectual property rights; trademark infringements and patent infringements. An overview, case study and conclusion is given for each topic.
1,192 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
There are two main topics in this paper dealing with intellectual property rights; trademark infringements and patent infringements. The paper provides an overview of each topic including case law and a conclusion for each section. The paper reaches the conclusion that the patent protection and infringement process is substantially more complex than that of the trademark infringement violation.
Outline:
Trademark Infringement
Overview
Case Law
Conclusions
Patent Infringement
Overview
Case Law
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Essentially, infringement of a patent occurs if one's protected item or process was sold or used without permission and/or compensation in any country where a patent has been granted to a party. This applies to Canada as well as any other country. Obviously no patent protections will be provided in a market in which a patent has either not been applied for or where the patent process does not exist in any mature form."
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Intellectual Property Rights, 2005.
An examination of intellectual property rights in the Asia Pacific Region, with specific attention to China, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, £ 75.95
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Abstract
The following paper outlines the TRIPS agreement involving a number of Asian Pacific nations whereby it was determined that formal effort would be made to protect copyright, patent, and trademark prerogatives. The paper discusses some of the pertinent provisions of the TRIPS accord and then proceeds to discuss in greater detail the implementation or partial implementation of the agreement in the nations of China, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia.
From the Paper
"As the world has grown more interconnected, international property law has grown more and more important. The following paper will examine the state of intellectual property rights in the Asian Pacific region, focusing especial attention upon China, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. In particular, the paper will review the commitments of each of these lands under the TRIPS agreements to which each was a signatory; as will become immediately apparent, these obligations have not always been honored. In any event, the paper will closely review the extent to which each nation has implemented their international obligations to safeguard copyright, trademark and patent rights."
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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), 2001.
IPR violations by China; impact on U.S. economy. Discusses IPR causes & proposes solutions.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, £ 56.95
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From the Paper
" Intellectual property rights (IPR) violation by China is an important issue in United States-China relations and should be curbed before the situation worsens. In order to comprehend the importance of intellectual property rights (IPR) and their enforcement, one needs to realize the immense impact it has for the American economy. All patented, copyrighted, and trademarked materials and products are considered intellectual property. Therefore, it refers to a great variety of American products, such as computer software, music recordings and videos (Mastel). They constitute 6 percent of the GDP of the United States. Altogether, intellectual property generates billions of export dollars for the United States every year (Mastel). Therefore, it is evident that intellectual property plays a large role in the American economy. "
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Intellectual Property Laws in U.S. & China, 1999.
Compares nations' legal protections (patents, copyrights), impact on trade & investment, agreements and enforcement.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 37 sources, £ 67.95
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From the Paper
"INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE PRC
This research paper summarizes the intellectual property laws of the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) and compares and contrasts the protection available to American intellectual property in the two nations.
Legal Protection of Intellectual Property in the United States
Intellectual property is extensively protected under the American legal system. That protection falls into four principal categories: (1) Patents; (2) Trademarks and Tradenames; (3) Trade Secrets; and (4) Copyrights. Special statutory protection is afforded certain high technology products and services as noted below.
Constitutional basis for protection. Art. I, Sec. 8, Cl. 8 of the U.S. Constitution provides that Congress shall have the.."
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Intellectual Property in Oral and Literate Cultures, 2001.
Why intellectual property rights exist in literate cultures and do not exist in oral culture.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay is an in-depth analysis of intellectual property law in an historical context. The specific history can be divided into two periods of cultural development, orality and literacy. The concept of intellectual property (individual ownership of creative work) was not present in oral cultures, but it is enshrined in law in literate cultures. This essay draws on the works of communications scholars like Walter Ong and Dan Lacy in order to establish these facts, and then proceeds to analyze them using one of Marshall McCluhan?s most famous insights, that ?the medium is the message.? What this essay shows is that the medium of information preservation in oral cultures is fundamentally different than that of literate cultures. One medium supports the concept of intellectual property, and one does not. In other words, the medium determines the morals of the time. What is considered theft in literate culture is just sharing in oral culture. This examination of intellectual property in historical context is especially relevant today, with the current legal disputes over intellectual property in the music industry.
From the Paper
"At this moment in 2001, intellectual property is a hot topic. The right to own an idea is being debated in fields as disparate as medicine and the music industry. In historical context, however, intellectual property is a relatively new concept. The first modern copyright law only emerged in 1710 and the People?s Republic of China did not have a copyright system until 1991. In contrast, the first known cave painting dates to 31,000 BC. Humans have been creating for thousands of years, but those expressions were only defined as personal property quite recently. The exact moment of this definition is still debated by experts: some say it came with the first copyright law, some say it began with the printing press in 1436, and others say that it emerged with ?the artist with a markedly individual personality? in 6th century BC Greece (Ploman and Hamilton 5). Regardless of the specific point of division, copyright as we know it today was not present in ancient oral cultures (Bettig 11) and is not present in modern oral cultures like that of the Balinese (Ploman and Hamilton 4). Why the concept of intellectual property is evident in highly literate cultures and not in oral cultures can perhaps be best understood in terms of the social and political context of their respective historical periods. One explanation that emerges is that the chosen mediums of oral and literate cultures are qualitatively different and that each engenders a different set of social norms to guide intellectual production. What this paper seeks to do is to pursue this line of questioning by discerning what the medium was for each culture, analyzing the nature of each medium, and, finally, explaining how the medium determined whether or not the concept of intellectual property emerged."
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Intellectual Property and the World Trade Organisation, 2002.
Considers intellectual property rights and how they are handled by the World Trade Organization.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problems of intellectual property rights and how they have been tackled by the World Trade organisation in the TRIP's agreement. Examples of some types of intellectual property rights are used to illustrate the wide range and complexity of the issues.
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Intellectual Property.
This paper discusses intellectual property and its protection.
3,465 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 25 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, based on the U.S. Constitution, intellectual property law protects under six categories, including 1) copyright, 2) patent, 3) trademark, 4) trade secret, 5) misappropriation of information at state levels, and 6) semiconductor chip protection at the federal level. The author points out that the concept of intellectual property originated in Venice, where the government granted some form of exclusive rights to the respective inventors in the 15th century. Copyright laws have existed in the United States since the late 18th century, but it was only in the beginning of the 20th century that Congress realized the importance of revising the laws. The paper relates that an effective knowledge management system allows a business to effortlessly keep track of innovation in its earliest research and development stage, allowing the company's upper hierarchy to identify innovation and maintain its confidentiality.
Table of Contents
Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property Violations
Protection of Intellectual Property
Knowledge Management System
Patent
Trademark
Trade Secrets
Copyrights
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Intellectual property is an important asset for a company. According to Su (2000) "Intellectual property rights are defined as governmental protection of private innovations and creativity." Every company has to fight to retain and protect its intellectual property. Intellectual Property is hypothetically a reference to the creation of the mind. It is an intangible piece of property that solely belongs to the company that developed it. They have the legal right to own it as a lot of time and resources have been spent developing it. Intellectual property can be anything like copyrighted work, patented invention or a trademark."
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Intellectual Property, 2002.
Discusses ethical issues on intellectual property in e-business.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
Intellectual property rights, including patents and copyrights, have been a key factor for the success of many companies. It provides them with an opportunity to protect their ideas and concepts, preventing others from copying them. The paper shows that with the boom in e-business, there have been many cases of infringement because of the relative ease in sharing information over the Internet. This paper briefly outlines the basics of intellectual property before providing a detailed discussion on e-business and intellectual property. The paper shows several cases of infringement to illustrate how intellectual property is important in e-business.
From the Paper
"Since the Internet is a huge interconnection of computers, information can be shared very easily. It is this very advantage that leads to many problems in protection of intellectual property. For example; pictures, music and literary works can be copied, modified and even distributed easily through the Internet. Such activities affect and violate copyright protection. There are several dangers in electronic business and organizations have to be very cautious and watchful. Copyright does not protect ideas but protects the forms in which they are expressed. Thus documents and material available on the Internet can be protected by copyright. According to the Copyright Act, even storing of material in a computer corresponds to reproduction of material. This implies that viewing a page on the Internet leads to infringement because the web browser would make a copy of the page in the computer."
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Intellectual Property, 2007.
An examination of how intellectual property will impact the legal profession.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which the field of intellectual property and property rights impacts the future of the legal profession. It discusses ways in which law will change due to this new form of property rights. The paper also discusses how this change in law has affected the writer of this article and how it impacts his future career plans.
From the Paper
"Before I bring this paper to a close, I also want to add that the field of intellectual property rights will increasingly impact the legal profession simply because the growth of an innovation-driven service-based economy will bring into ever-sharper focus the tension between ensuring that private companies have every opportunity to protect themselves from others "stealing" their ideas (this is a central aim of trade secret law, or so it seems) and ensuring that the public is able to fully avail itself of every idea that springs from the minds of men and women (Shilling, 18B). As someone interested in both the free flow of ideas and in securing for as many people as possible the full riches "they have coming" for a new innovation, this underlying tension is an extraordinarily rich and exciting topic for me to explore."
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Chinese Intellectual Property Laws, 2007.
This paper explores the ineffectiveness of intellectual property (IP) law protections in China.
2,852 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 31 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at China's significant progress in promoting the importance of intellectual property rights (IPR) but discusses how these intellectual property (IP) laws are undercut by traditional ideology, corruption, a lack of qualified legal personnel and poor enforcement rates. The paper examines the solutions and calls for structural changes in China's enforcement mechanisms and further education on the importance of IPR to the wider community.
Outline:
Introduction
The Journey Towards Maturity in IP Law
IP Laws Prove Ineffectual at Stemming the Tide of IP Violations
Factors Hindering Enforcement of Chinese IP Laws
Towards A Solution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"China is undergoing a period of staggering economic growth, with its economy increasing at a rate of 8% per annum since 1984. This economic growth has been largely fuelled by foreign investment since the opening up of China to the outside world in 1979. With the influx of foreign money and technology into China also came concerns about the protection of IP. China's economic growth was and still is driven to a large extent by technology transfers, so it only made sense that China started introducing IP laws to encourage these transfers. The temporal nexus between the Trademark, Patent and Copyright Laws (instituted in 1983, 1985 and 1991 respectively) and China's burgeoning economy (1984) is an indication of the importance of strong IP laws."
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Real and Intellectual Property Law Briefs, 2006.
A case study reviewing a real property case and an intellectual property case.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This essay contains two case briefs, one for a real property case and one for an intellectual property case. Furthermore it answers six questions which the customer wanted included. The questions deal with real and intellectual property law.
From the Paper
"Facts: The city of New London, Connecticut was in need of economic revitalization so when the Pfizer corporation began to construct a new facility on the outskirts of a residential neighborhood, the city reactivated "the New London Development Corporation, a private entity under the control of the city government, to consider plans to redevelop the Fort Trumbull neighborhood and encourage new economic activities that might be brought by the Pfizer plant" (Kelo, 2006, p. 3). The corporation came up with a development plan which the city approved. The corporation offered to purchase the lots of Fort Trumbull which it would need, however some owners of the properties did not wish to sell."
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