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Infrastructure Provision in Poor Countries, 2002.
This paper examines the experiences of infrastructure provision in developing countries, assessing the instruments typically used in strategic development, planning, and implementation.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at experiences in providing basic services, such as transport, water and sewerage to the urban poor in the developing world. It looks at the various ways in which urban authorities attempt to raise funds for improvements, such as privatization versus state ownership. The emphasis these days is on 'participation' by local people in the provision of services that they benefit from. Examples are given of public, private and participatory provision of essential services.
From the Paper
"One of the most significant of all postwar demographic phenomena and the one that will be of major concern in the future is the rapid growth of cities in developing countries. The developing world is being transformed from a world of villages to a world of towns and cities. In 1960 less than 22% of the population of low and middle income countries was urban. By 2020 it is estimated that more than half of the population of developing countries will be urban (World Bank: 1995). This enormous growth over the past fifty years has and will continue to place enormous strain on the infrastructure and general services within developed countries. Former World Bank President Robert McNamara expressed his scepticism that huge urban agglomerations could be made to work at all: "These sizes are such that any economies of location are dwarfed by costs of congestion. The rapid population growth that has produced them will have far outpaced the growth of human and physical infrastructure needed for even moderately efficient economic life and orderly political and social relationships, let alone amenity for their residents" (Todaro: 1997: 8). Research increasingly suggests that the problem is not just a lack of resources, but that the resources available are used inefficiently. Here we will discuss experience of infrastructure provision under various systems of administration and planning."
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Socioeconomic Infrastructure in Developing Countries., 2005.
This paper looks at ways to deliver socioeconomic infrastructure in developing countries.
11,250 words (approx. 45.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 282.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at ways to deliver socioeconomic infrastructure in developing countries and what kind of infrastructure they need. It looks at models in Egypt, the Pacific Islands, Lao PDR and Haiti, and looks at the information technology industry and how important this is to delivering infrastructure in the technological era.
From the Paper
Information technology growth over the last two decades has grown in many sectors and industries which deal with the economy and infrastructure and is affecting many areas of decision making and organizational development. Information and communication technologies are now the building blocks for socioeconomic development and therefore nations around the world are attempting to capitalize on the capabilities of this technology to support planning, development and growth processes..."
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IT in Developing Countries, 2005.
An examination of the difficulties in implementing technological advances in Third World or developing countries.
9,878 words (approx. 39.5 pages), 24 sources, MLA, £ 141.95
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Abstract
This study identifies potential hurdles and problems that are associated with information systems and technology setup in developing countries. This study also identifies the current issues existing in many developing markets and the effects that these conditions have on information system implementation. It shows how studies indicated that politics, law, culture, economics, technology infrastructure, and the availability of skilled personnel have greatly influenced the difference of key issues in IS management between developed and developing countries. It is considered important, therefore, to understand countries? IS needs and requirements. The information gained though this study helps an individual review the conditions that exist in any region and review factors that have the potential to vary the results.
Chapter: 1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Purpose and Objective
1.3 Limitations of the Study
Chapter: 2 Literature Review
Chapter: 3 Methodology
Chapter: 4 Discussion and Review
Chapter: 5 Conclusion
Chapter: 6 Bibliography
From the Paper
"The advantages of implementing an information and technology system in any country are numerous. There are however, many hurdles and constraints. These have to be overcome prior to the implementation of these systems. These issues are further compounded in developing countries, which might not always have the necessary supporting infrastructures such as telecommunication and supporting services (qualified personnel) needing for the smooth running of the entire system. The great strides made by China and India is recent times with respect to the advancement and development of IT systems however, are testimony to the fact that even developing countries with limited prior infrastructure can makes great leaps in their economies through use of information systems and technology."
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Development in Developing Countries, 2005.
A study of domestic factors constraining development in developing countries.
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The domestic factors that hold back development in a country usually emanate from bad or weak governance giving rise to conditions such as violence and armed conflict, widespread corruption, lack of infrastructure, lack of social cohesion, weak institutions, and urban bias, among others. In this paper, the writer examines some of these "internal" factors that constraint development and promote poverty in the developing countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Theories about Underdevelopment
Lack of Good Governance
1. Violence
2. Corruption
3. Over-population
4. Urban Bias
5. Lack of Infrastructure, Weak Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are different theories about what causes underdevelopment in a country but there is no agreement among social scientists and economists about them. The cultural background, ideologies and biases usually determine the beliefs of individuals about these theories. People and experts in the developing countries tend to believe the ?external? theories for underdevelopment that emphasize factors such as an unjust world order and the effects of colonization and Western exploitation for their underdevelopment. The experts in the developed world consist mainly of ?internal theorists? who highlight the intrinsic cultural values and aptitudes of the people and the behavior and policies of the ruling elite that constraint development. They believe that lack of legal structures and strong institutions in the underdeveloped world generally lead to a break down in the rule of law which, in turn, promote corruption, exploitation of the weak and vulnerable, and an environment of chaos and anarchy?all of them combining to block development. "
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India's Infrastructure, 2007.
This paper examines India's infrastructure to determine the possibility of introducing the Stanley Hand Tools company.
1,498 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the infrastructure, both socially and economically, in India and the challenges and potentials that exist in the marketplace. The paper determines that while the Stanley Group may experience some immediate barriers to marketplace entry, the possibilities for entering the marketplace at this time, while the hand tool market is still fragmented and gaining a foothold in the industry, should pay off well for the Stanley Hand Tools company in the future. The paper explains that India is a country that is growing at an amazing rate in terms of both population growth, infrastructure growth and accompanying GDP growth.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Importance of Understanding Infrastructure
Stanley Hand Tools-Market Entry and Market Expansion
Risk Factors For Stanley in the Marketplace
Market Expansion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The public and private works make the provision of roads, dam and canal works including irrigation and drainage provisions. Just as important is the transportation sector within a country which is inclusive of the railway system both in the cities and in the rural areas, interurban railways, ports and waterways and airports and other forms of transportation. Finally, the financial and banking services sector direct capital spending in the best direction. There is no way for expansion to take place in a country until a good base of infrastructure is in existence and this must be accompanied by economic growth which provides support for growth of the infrastructure and further development within the country."
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General Motors and IT Infrastructure, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose of information technology (IT) infrastructure in an organization such as General Motors.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the information technology (IT) infrastructure of General Motors (GM). The paper begins by providing a brief but significant insight into how GM runs its operations. The paper then discusses the goals of successful IT infrastructure and implementation. Finally, the paper looks at how GM has worked to update, standardize and introduce a common IT platform for all facilities globally.
From the Paper
"GM has to aggressively work to update, standardize and introduce a common IT platform for all facilities globally. This can help the company manufacture different product lines from multiple facilities ensuring that over-capacity and capital investment does not exist in the facility. Overcapacity exists in almost all automobile manufacturing facilities around the world. And optimization of the use of capital and material investment is becoming the factor by which companies determine competitive advantage. "This cost pressure has forced all manufacturers to reduce structural costs, seek new markets, reduce cycle time for new product development, form alliances with other manufacturers and business partners, and develop products with more innovative styling and content." (Howell and Hsu, 2002)"
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Network Infrastructure For South African Business, 2004.
Describes a network infrastructure for a business in South Africa.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a network infrastructure for a business in South Africa with four remote locations. It also briefly compares and contrasts IPv4 and IPv6 and looks at security issues.
From the Paper
"Each location also has at least one printer and as many as six. There is no e-mail program at this time nor is there any type of formal network in place. It is not clear how old the current PCs are nor what type of budget exists for replacing these PCs or installing new servers..."
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Transparency, Public Policy and the Provision of Public Services, 2002.
An in-depth discussion of the role transparency plays in the design of public policy making and the provision of public services.
5,828 words (approx. 23.3 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with evaluating the role of transparency in strengthening public service provision and in designing effective public policies. Different theories and practices of transparency in government and other actors in society vis-a-vis the public are discussed thoroughly. The paper also examines the view that there are some cases where transparency may be best, some cases where it may not be the best way, or may need to be greater, and this is achieved by drawing, comprehensively, on literature and data in the developed and developing world alike.
From the Paper
"In designing policies, the sensitivity to motivational complexity, Goodin?s third principle, has to be considered. There are a number of impulses that drive the motives of social actors. Some of these are self-seeking impulses that tend to exist alongside ?principled and altruistic motives?. His final principle, variability, is seen as a central principle of design. He suggests that experiments be undertaken with different structures in different places. There should also be a willingness to use the concept of lesson drawing where appropriate---learn from others? successes and failures. "
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Wal-Mart and IT Infrastructure, 2004.
Examines this retail company's business structure, which joins traditional retail practices with an advanced IT infrastructure.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
Wal-Mart defines the example of how IT systems benefit large firms by lowering costs and allowing them to pass along those low prices for products and services to the end user. This paper examines the CIPSODA (Capture, Input, Process, Storage, Output, Decision, Action) system used by Wal-mart, which is triggered by point-of-sale purchases and starts and stops by accurately recording what the customer carries out the door in the shopping cart. The paper includes a diagram.
From the Paper
"Therefore, the most critical success factor in operating an inventory management system is persuading the people within the organization to cooperate. When a system is computerized the advantages such as reduced clerical cost, quicker processing time and improved customer service are long term advantages to the company and the sales staff. These benefits are not always immediately visible to the everyday employees who maintain the system?s integrity."
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Guyana: Past Economy and Present Infrastructure, 2002.
Discussion of the past economy of Guyana and the effect on the country of a $10 million investment.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
his paper explores the past economy of Guyana and the present infrastructure and reviews the effect of $10 million investment on the country in national terms.
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Personal Care Provision in England and Scotland, 2005.
A detailed layout of how, with the formation of an SNP minority government, the differences in social care provisions between Scotland and England will increase, over the coming years.
2,642 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the provision of personal care in England and Scotland. The paper states that, as a result of the devolution process there exists marked differences between the way in which the Scottish and English parliaments have legislated on the question of personal care and the difference with England is more prevalent in Scotland that it is in Wales, due to the tax raising powers at the disposal of the Scottish executive. The paper suggests that apparent disparity is formed because of a general difference in attitudes towards personal care north of the boarder. The paper views that the primary causes of differences in personal care provision between England and Scotland lies firstly in financing, and secondly in an inherent wish on the part of the Scots to develop a system distinct from that of their English counterparts.
From the Paper
"Now there can be little doubt that financing such a wide ranging and universal care provision is an expensive undertaking. The idea of free health care based on the preponderance of need was first legislated in unambiguous terms with the introduction of the welfare state by the post Second World War Labour government. However, as the decades have passed there has emerged a realisation on the part of policy makes in Westminster that maintaining the ethos of free health care must be balanced with the hard economics of modern medicine. As technological, scientific and medical advances increase, so to does the cost of offering such new provisions. As such, it has generally been felt in Westminster that free universal care provision for the elderly is something that cannot be financially supported, certainly in the long run."
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Building and Managing and E-Learning Infrastructure, 2002.
Examines the concept of e-learning and what this technology is used for.
2,957 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies and analyzes the main concepts, ideas and strategies involved in building and managing e-learning structures. It explains that when exploring e-learning as a solution to help guide an organization?s overall vision, values, mission and objectives, companies and schools must employ an e-learning strategy.
Abstract
The Basics of E-Learning
Strategies for E-Learning
The Advantages of E-Learning Infrastructure
Key Trends in Training
Preparing for an E-Learning Infrastructure
Building an Effective E-Learning Infrastructure
Managing E-learning Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concept of e-learning has been around for decades, although only recent has it taken the spotlight (Broadbent, 2002, p. 42). E-learning is basically described as training that is executed through a network, usually over the Internet or a company intranet. In recent years, e-learning has evolved into an increasingly popular tool that is used in both the business and academic worlds. Courses online, interaction with fellow students and instructors, and access to research libraries are just some of the capabilities that are emerging (Rosenberg, 2002, p. 39)."
E-learning has a variety of uses. Companies can use e-learning solutions to train new employees to use their software or learn about their products. In the new era of globalization, companies need not worry about distance barriers, as employees around the world can use e-learning solutions. Universities are also using e-learning solutions that enable students to take classes from home on a variety of subjects. In many academic institutions today, students are earning their degrees online."
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e-Business Infrastructure, 2002.
An examination of external and internal infrastructures in e-business organizations.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper describes two external and two internal information systems, networks or technical infrastructures that enable an e-business in an organization to succeed. The author discusses human resources, distribution, shopping cart systems and customer service.
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Urbanization in Developing Countries, 2006.
A discussion regarding the three main issues relating to urbanization.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at issues related to urbanization in developing countries. It focuses on the three interconnected factors of population, limited resources and inadequate infrastructure.
From the Paper
"One of the most important environmental phenomena affecting the world is urbanization. In Population and Rural-Urban Environmental Interactions in Developing Countries, K.Jegasothy states, "Urbanization is conventionally defined as a process of spatial movement of a population towards towns and cities and their resulting expansion" (Jegasothy, 1999, p. 1031). Urbanization has major impacts on the environment, economic systems, political process and social interactions. However, urbanization is not a monolithic or homogeneous phenomenon. Since urbanization processes are determined by a number of factors it is not the same in every country."
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