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Modern Medicine as State or Corporate Medicine, 2007.
This paper asses whether modern medicine is state medicine or corporate medicine, citing examples from British and American history.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that the choice between state and corporate medicine is a relatively recent phenomenon. The writer notes that such a luxury sharply contrasts with the historical development of medical care, specifically during the nineteenth century in Britain and America, which sought, through the interventions of the state, to provide for the poor. From such a perspective, then, this essay posits that modern medicine is less about the choice between state and corporate provision than the foundations state medicine essentially helped create from which corporate medicine later benefited.
From the Paper
"Chadwick believed that many of the illness and diseases which inflicted the poor would be lessened or even eradicated. Importantly, the implication of the lawyer's report was that these measures could only be carried out by the state at a time when Britain subscribed to the creed of political economy, which held the laissez-faire state to be a paramount virtue. Yet following Chadwick's report, a Royal Commission on the Health of Towns was set up, which met between 1843 and 1845, leading to Liverpool creating the first sanitary authority in 1846 which spawned similar bodies elsewhere. By the time the Public Health Act of 1848 was passed the important role of the state was set in stone: a central government department was created as the General Board of Health; local sanitary authorities were invested with powers to coordinate municipal responsibilities; and a local inspection regime was also created that appointed medical health officers. Consequently, by 1853, 284 districts and 103 towns had applied to adopt the Public Health Act. But the crucial characteristic of the Act was that, while it did concede the importance of the role of the state, it did not make the adoption of the Act compulsory."
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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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European Diseases Among American-Indians, 2000.
An examination of the spread of diseases after Columbus (focusing on effects of smallpox), Pre-Columbian Indian health and medicine and diseases in Europe (focusing on the plague).
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, £ 67.95
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Abstract
An examination of the spread of diseases after Columbus (focusing on effects of smallpox), Pre-Columbian Indian health and medicine and diseases in Europe (focusing on the plague).
From the Paper
"Introduction
The 500th anniversary of the first voyage of Columbus to the New World came in 1992, and this event was an occasion for celebration in both Europe and the Americas. It was also the occasion for much bitterness and anger by revisionists who wanted to downgrade the achievement of Columbus because of a perception that his discovery of America in the long run caused more harm than good. One thing that is wrong with the revisionist view is that it holds Columbus personally responsible for all that followed his exploratory journey. In truth, the "discovery" of America was inevitable, and the subsequent events derived from the character of European culture at the time and from the personalities of the various participants, notably the Conquistadors who saw this as the occasion for looting more than..."
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A Review of "Deadly Medicine", 2008.
A book review of "Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America" by Peter C. Mancall.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critique of Peter C. Mancall's book "Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America". The paper calls Mancall's work an informative and contextually important book, which meets the challenge of providing a balanced historical account of the Native-American experience with alcohol. The paper maintains that Mancall's focus on a historical, rather than anthropological or scientific, view is ambitious and occasionally problematic but does provide a fair account. The paper praises his attempt not to stray into stereotypical assumptions, but rather to find out the causes and effects of the colonial alcohol trade by examining all available source material. It concludes that, rather than summarizing the arguments of those who came before him, Mancall offers a fresh account because he is working directly from primary sources and highly relevant secondary sources.
From the Paper
"Mancall's book provides a fresh viewpoint in what currently exists in the subject's literature. It is obvious that he was aware of what had already been covered, as he explains the stereotypes most common to the literature and addresses a number of the current claims and theories. Indeed, a number of the books that cover the subject of Native Americans and alcohol appear in Mancall's cited sources."
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Energy Medicine, 2002.
This paper explores, in details that are easy to understand, the field of Energy Medicine as an alternative to traditional medicine.
3,625 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system operating within the human body, and the manipulation of this energy system can assist in maintaining physical health. The author says that there is a correlation between quantum physics and energy medicine: the belief that matter and energy are the same thing and because of this whatever is good or bad for one part of the body is equally good or bad for any other part of the body. The paper presents in detail the various modalities of Energy Medicine. The author includes writings of experts such as Gary Zucav.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Defining Quantum Theory
Quantum Physics? relation to Energy Medicine
What is Energy Medicine
Types of Energy Medicine
Ayurvedic Medicine
Magnetic Therapy
Bioenergetic Fields (Acupuncture)
Auras and Discharges
Quantum Mechanics
The Assemblage Point
Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Medicine
Which Mind-Body-Spirit Modalities Best Relate to Harmonizing Total Well-Being
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system that operates within the human body. It is believed that the manipulation of this energy system can assist in the area of physical health. Supporters of energy medicine hold that energy and matter is the same thing; and if energy and matter are the same thing than every part of the body is connected to the other parts of the body. Energy medicine dictates that the mind, body and spirit are interconnected and thus if one part is effected all the parts are effected. This is very different from traditional medicine, which believes that the body is a collection of parts and that the mind and body are separate. "
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Natural Medicine, 2005.
This paper discusses natural medicine including an extensive compilation of various natural therapies.
34,390 words (approx. 137.6 pages), 94 sources, APA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the more common personal health care style is a collective health care process, called alternative medicine or complementary medicine, which includes elements of allopathic practice, non-natural medicine and surgery and of natural medicine. The author points out the idea that natural medicine is actually traditional medicine and should be looked at as such, with benefits and drawbacks, just as allopathic medicine is consider by many people. As an example of the presented natural health therapies; the paper relates that the Alexander technique, both a natural health practice and a restorative natural medical treatment, is a technique used to reduce repetitive motion injury by retraining the body to move in a different, more natural way.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Natural Health
Hydrotherapy
Herbalism
Eclectic Medicine
Natural Hygiene
Natural Philosophy
Natural Healing
Natural Medicine
Fingernail and Tongue Analysis
Iridology
Hair Analysis
Live Blood Analysis (Darkfield Microscopy) and Dry Blood Analysis
Antibody (IgE, IgG) Test for Food Allergies
Acid-Alkaline Balance (Ph Testing)
Alternative Therapies
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Air Supply Personal Air Purifier
Alexander Technique.
Aromatherapy
Astropulse
Ayurveda
Bathing Therapy
Biomagnetics (Magnetic Field Energy Therapy)
Electro-Dermal Screening
Chelation Therapy
Chi Lel
Chiropractic Treatment
Colloidal Silver Therapy
Colonic Therapy (Colon Lavage, Colon Hydrotherapy)
Color Therapy (Chromotherapy)
Crystal Healing
Dental Amalgam Mercury Removal
Detoxification Therapy
Reflexology
Shiatsu
Rolfing
Fasting
Feng Shui Balance
Flower Essence Therapy
Food Detoxification
Flotation Tank
Glandular Therapy
Prayer
Guided Imagery (Visualization)
Herbal Medicine
Homeopathy
Hydrotherapy
Hypnotherapy
Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy
Juicing
Kinesiology
Laughter (Play) Therapy
Light Beam Generator Therapy
Light Therapy (Solar Therapy)
Lymphatic Therapy
Macrobiotics Diet
Massage Therapy
Moxibustion
Music and Sound Therapy
Naturopathy
Osteopathy
Oxygen Therapy
Radionics (Radiesthesia Dowsing), Reflexology
Reiki (Therapeutic Touch)
Infrared Heat Therapy
Vitamin C Therapy
Yoga
Holistic Nutrition
Food Safety
Exercise
Conventional Medicine
Maintaining Health
From the Paper
"In the time surrounding the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), in America, medicine was often seen as a part-time practice, conducted by laywomen and men who had a vocation for the healing arts or who inherited the knowledge from ancestral teachers. These healers who took care of their friends and families illnesses, injuries and births performed most medicine, outside the major centers of population. "Of course, these natural healing practices varied from locality to locality with major cities, like Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City having hospitals and other medical practices approaching those found in Europe.""
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2004.
A look at how complementary and alternative medicine are being integrated with conventional medicine.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how some of the techniques and therapies used in alternative medicine are being integrated into the practice of conventional medicine. The paper explains that the combined use of alternative medicine with conventional medicine is known as Integrative Medicine.
From the Paper
"Today people are often questioning the methods of traditional medicine but are not quite ready to abandon them in favor of alternative or complementary treatments. Some doctors and hospitals are delving into the benefits of alternative and complementary medicine, combining some of the techniques used with traditional therapies. They are creating a field called integrative medicine or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Integrative medicine combines the best of traditional medicine with alternative medicine to maximize benefits for the patient."
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Alternative and Conventional Medicine, 2006.
An analysis of the uses of alternative medicine and the differences between it and conventional medicine.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper clarifies the differences between conventional and alternative medicine. The paper first discusses why people in certain cultures opt to use alternative medicine rather then conventional, and then looks at the advantages of alternative medicine and what we can learn from it. Additionally, the paper looks at why a majority of practitioners are now utilizing what can be called contemporary medicine.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"The method used by Astin (1998) for testing were mail surveys that gathered information on use of alternative health care, perceived benefits and risks of these therapies, health beliefs and attitudes, views toward and experiences with conventional medicine, political beliefs, and worldview. The results were that relief of symptoms is the main benefit reported a central finding is that users of alternative health care are no more dissatisfied with or distrustful of conventional care than nonusers are (Astin, 1998). Second, the results can help identify and clarify prevailing cultural conceptions about and attitudes toward health and illness and examine the degree to which the growing interest in alternative medicine may represent a type of cultural paradigm shift regarding health beliefs and practices."
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Holistic Medicine, 2002.
Examines the history of holistic medicine and some of the skepticism surrounding the practice of holistic medicine.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief history of holistic medicine and gives a general definition of holistic medicine and its approach toward healing. It traces some of the traditions of holistic medicine and discusses some of its practices and philosophies. The use of supplements in holistic and their effectiveness is also addressed.
General Definitions
History
Techniques Available
Royal jelly
Honey
Changing Trend
Research by Cancer Institute
From the Paper
"Holistic medicine includes a wide variety of practices and philosophies. The basic principle behind the theory is that each patient is a functioning, whole, physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual being. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the importance of a treatment approach that addresses the psychological as well as the physical well being of the patient. By combining different techniques and natural remedies, a person can take control and obtain a feeling of total wellness: spiritually, physically, and mentally (NCI, 1999)."
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Bloodless Medicine and Surgery: Effective Alternatives Transfusion, 2003.
This is a technical report examining the benefits of bloodless medicine over transfusion. It looks at the history of blood in medicine, how blood works and the transfusion process.
5,236 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the benefits of bloodless medicine and surgery over the traditionally accepted methods. It first discusses a history of the traditional methods and then looks at how technology has advanced to more hi-tech bloodless options. The advantaged and disadvantages of each method is discussed and alternative treatments are suggested.
FIGURES AND TABLE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BLOOD: THE JUICE OF LIFE
The Development of Blood as Medicine
Transfusion: A Gift of Blood
Blood Basics
Transfusion Practice
The Realities of Blood Transfusion
BLOODLESS ALTERNATIVES
Surgical Management
Blood Supplementation
Mechanical Enhancement
What the Future Holds
Advantages and Limitations of Bloodless Therapy
CONCLUSION
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
SURVEY
From the Paper
"Although few people are prepared to admit it, at some point in their lives they will, in all probability, end up requiring some manner of surgical intervention. However, the younger a person is, the less consideration is given to the decisions that will be faced in such a situation. This attitude is to be expected, as the common perception among most people is that it is only upon entering the ?golden? years of life that the body becomes prone to the illnesses which necessitate surgery. The facts however bear out a different reality. In the year 2000, those between the ages of fifteen and forty-four years old underwent surgical procedures nearly as often as did those in the sixty-five and older demographic."
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Allopathic Medicine, 2002.
A look at the pathology of allopathic medicine.
3,599 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the topic of allopathic medicine or modern medicine. It examines how the allopathic approach to medicine has shown itself to be more kill than cure and how a change is desperately needed. It shows how modern allopathic medicine oppresses women and treats childbearing and childhood as a pathology and in general it takes a terrible toll with unnecessary and even dangerous techniques. It argues how modern medicine is in collusion with the pharmaceutical and insurance industries to create a system of profit rather than health and how the only effective alternative is to turn back to natural cures, to proper nutrition and diet and a holistic approach to healing.
From the Paper
"While women are far more likely to have unnecessary surgeries (other than circumcision) performed on them, allopathic medicine?s rush to operate is nearly criminal in all cases. In a review of New York hospitals, 43% of hysterectomies reviewed were shown to be unnecessary. Mendelsohn records that the most conservative estimates suggest that about 2.4 million unnecessary surgeries are performed every year. The number is likely far higher than that when one takes into account that even ?officially? necessary surgeries may not always be the best choice. Men as well as women suffer in this regard. Doctors overprescribe pharmaceutical medicines designed to treat rather than to cure. They also perform hosts of unnecessary surgeries. Even surgeries that may seem necessary are no guarantees. For example, according to Smith?s research, there is no difference in long term survival between those with cardiac problems who agree to undergo surgery (and survive it) and those who do not undergo surgery."
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Allopathic Medicine, 2007.
This paper explores whether the benefits of allopathic (conventional) medicine outweigh the risks.
4,202 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the philosophy of medicine and Western views that support the allopathic viewpoint. The paper then details the criticism levelled at conventional medicine, which concerns allopathic medicine's lack of understanding of the holistic and interconnected nature of human health. The paper concludes that there is no doubt that modern allopathic medicine has brought about incredible advances in disease control and healthcare. The paper also shows, however, that there are also many risks and dangers to this form of medicine that are not as widely known or publicized.
Outline:
Introduction
The Negative Aspects of Allopathic Medicine
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A definition of allopathic medicine is: "The system of medical practice which treats disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment." (Definition of Allopathic medicine) Allopathic medicine is also known as formal or conventional medicine and refers to accepted Western health and medical practices. The term "allopathic" originated in 1842 and is ascribed to C.F.S. Hahnemann who used the terms to differentiate conventional medicine from homeopathy, which is a system of medicine based on producing the same symptoms as the disease or disorder. (Definition of Allopathic medicine)"
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Public Health, 2008.
A review of the concerns of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in public health.
1,668 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) describes an array of healing modalities whose time for serious consideration and integration into the present healthcare system may have arrived. The paper states that homeopathy is the most controversial form of CAM and discusses the biases claiming that homeopathy treatment is an an implausible treatment, but affirms that homeopathy is an important topic for public health. This is due to the affordability, accessibility and efficacy of homeopathic remedies.
Outline:
The Perception of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Conventional Medicine
Homeopathy: Medicine of the past and the future
Implications for CAM in Public Health
From the Paper
"It is possible that unfounded accusations of quackery and the like are but a smokescreen that has been thrown up to blur certain facts about CAM's increased appeal. It is also possible that conventional health practitioners and the pharmaceutical industry are striving to monopolize treatment in the US. It is more likely however, that evidence-based research, which has become the pinnacle of standards for excellence in testing the efficacy and safety of treatment with drugs, is an improper testing method for CAM (Novella et al., 2007). CAM uses few, if any pharmaceutical treatments, and should be held to appropriate contextual standards for what CAM in general, and each therapy in particular, claims. Homeopathy, for example, displays effects that are vastly different than the action of drugs, and requires fundamentally different protocols from which to study and gather evidence."
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Diabetes and Alternative Medicine, 2002.
A look at the use of acupuncture, herbal remedies and alternative medicine in the treatment and management of diabetic wounds.
11,205 words (approx. 44.8 pages), 38 sources, MLA, £ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, by focusing on the disease process, the hypothesis of the thesis that acupuncture, herbal remedies and other parallel medicine approaches can promote the rapid healing of diabetes-related wounds, while supporting the overall health of the individual in the process. It analyzes how the studies reviewed show that these alternative treatment modalities can be invaluable tools in the treatment of these diabetes-related wounds.
Outline
Introduction
Etiology and Treatment of Diabetes: A Comparison of Western and Eastern Traditions
Thesis Statement
Review of Literature
Treatment of Diabetes and Neuropathy in Western Medicine
Treatment of Diabetes and Neuropathy Using Acupuncture
Treatment of Diabetes and Neuropathy Using Herbal Remedies
Treatment of Diabetes and Neuropathy Using Homeopathy
Treatment of Diabetes and Neuropathy Using Massage
Treatment of Diabetes and Neuropathy Using Naturopathy
Treatment of Chronic Ulcers Using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Assessing the Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Acceptance of Traditional Chinese Medicine by Western Society
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As medicine in the 20th century became more focused on expensive medicines and complicated machines, a trend arose throughout the world and particularly in the United States as people attempted to take control of their own health, largely through preventive medical practices, and to understand more about normal and diseased bodily function. To some extent the countermovement also expressed a distrust of the orthodox medical establishment. The efficacy of the parallel medicines is discussed in an article entitled ?Enhancing the Accountability of Alternative Medicine,? January 1998. The author indicates that alternative medicine ? . . .carries both risks and benefits; it can relieve or increase pain, hasten or postpone death. Interest in complementary and alternative medicine among regulators and health professionals is higher than it has ever been? (Milbanks, 1999)."
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