| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "INCARCERATION AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN": |
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Incarceration and African-American Men, 2002.
Examines the interaction of high incarceration rates with the health and life expectancy of African-American men and the role of early intervention.
4,562 words (approx. 18.2 pages), 23 sources, APA, £ 83.95
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Abstract
African-American male adolescents and adults are embedded in a context that is less supportive of their health and well being than of any other group in this country. They have lower life expectancies, high-risk exposure and higher levels of incarceration than any other group.
The paper shows that African-Americans are disproportionately residents of large cities which seem to have higher homicide rates and higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse. When they do drink, they tend to have worse consequences from their drinking, including incarceration and addiction. The paper shows that with incarceration, comes additional problems of exacerbated health issues and exposure to new, life-threatening infections. Services have been cut for education and prevention in prisons and jails. Finally, recidivism rates are longer for African-American males as are jail sentences. The paper argues that improving the health status of African-American males requires a multi-faceted approach, including support of a two-adult family structure, continuing emphasis on the negative impacts of racism, reduction of drug and alcohol abuse, intervention in prison health systems and improved recidivism programs. The paper provides an overview literature on the subject.
From the Paper
"Results indicated that mortality rates were excessive for both men and women in all of the poverty areas, especially among African-Americans. For example, boys in Harlem who reached the age of 15 had only a 37 percent chance of surviving to the age of 65. The only African-American area study that had mortality rates comparable to those of standardized national rates for white American was the Queens-Bronx area in which the mortality rate for men was 1.18 (Geronimus et al., 1996)."
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African-American Men, 2002.
A study of the high incarceration rates, health and life expectancy of African-American men and the role of early prevention/intervention.
4,837 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 32 sources, MLA, £ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how African-American male adolescents and adults are embedded in a context that is less supportive of their health and well being than of any other group in this country. It analyzes how this is reflected by lower life expectancies, high-risk exposure and higher levels of incarceration than any other group. Through an extensive literature review, it shows how African-Americans disproportionately reside in large cities which seem to have higher homicide rates and higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse and how, when they do drink, they tend to have worse consequences from their drinking, including incarceration and addiction. It also examines how a consequence of incarceration, is exacerbated health issues and exposure to new, life-threatening infections, such as HIV. It looks at how improving the health status of African-American males requires a multi-faceted approach, including support of a two-adult family structure, continuing emphasis on the negative impacts of racism, reduction of drug and alcohol abuse, intervention in prison health systems and improved recidivism programs.
From the Paper
"Alcohol use is prevalent among the African-American male population in urban areas, specifically. As noted in previous pages, this population tends to do somewhat more heavy drinking than its white peers, with that heavy drinking concentrated among the lower income population, and it tends to suffer disproportionately from drinking consequences and alcohol dependence symptoms. In addition, this group is more exposed to alcohol than the general population, with targeted advertising and increased alcohol outlet density (Scribner et al., 1995 & 1999)."
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African-Americans and American Prisons, 2007.
This paper examines the relatively high number of African-Americans incarcerated in American prisons.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the drive to control American populations through incarceration and notes that this has disproportionately affected the nation's African-American population. The paper shows how nearly half of all inmates in America's prisons are African-American, despite the fact that they make up only twelve percent of the overall population. The paper examines the social and political reasons for this disparity and reveals that a form of racial prejudice would appear to be underlying these statistics. The paper discusses how the mass incarceration of America's African-American population is destroying their community, and the African-American people in general.
From the Paper
"In a time of great economic and social change, one American industry is booming: the prison-industrial complex. These prisons represent an ever-expanding apparatus of social control (Ward, 2004), one that, according to Julia Sudbury, is focused specifically on regulating, and further marginalizing the underprivileged masses in today's neo-liberal regimes (Ward, 2004). Recent decades' "get tough on crime" policies, such as mandatory minimum sentences, "three strikes" laws, and so forth, have witnessed historically unparalleled rates of incarceration in the United States."
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African-American Leaders, 2002.
An in-depth study into leadership styles of African-American leaders. Mentioned are Martin LutherKing and Malcolm X among others.
6,410 words (approx. 25.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 104.95
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Abstract
This research studies the ways in which African-Americans become leaders in the United States today, looking at the struggles that they have to overcome in terms of the general level of background racism that still exists in this nation. This paper comes to an understanding of how the particular challenges faced by African-Americans today produce certain kinds of leaders with specific strengths. As a part of understanding how it is that certain African-Americans find themselves called on to be leaders (and how some of them succeed), this paper looks first at some general ideas about leadership, using tenets pulled from communication theory to help us understand why it is that different leaders choose different leadership styles based on the demands of the moment in history they find themselves in.
This paper also looks at some of the most important African-American leaders of the 20th century as a way of attempting to understand if there are cross-generational values, forms of discourse, and styles of leadership that mark most or even all leaders in this community.
Finally, this proposal describes a research design that will allow for a deeper investigation into the ways in which leadership values and communication skills come together in today?s African-American communities to build leaders who are capable of addressing some of the most important issues facing African-Americans today, such as the high incarceration rate of black men, environmental racism, the high rate of single-parent families, and racism, especially by police.
Table of Contents
Preface
Leadership Style
?Hoping Not to Fail"
Research Design
Works Cited
From the Paper
"It may be tempting to think that all great leaders are the same ? that they come into this world with certain traits that mark them as different from the rest of us. But this is not true: Leaders vary in important ways, and not simply because of differences in their own personalities. Rather, leaders are molded by the political and cultural circumstances of their moment in history ? even as they also mold those circumstances. One of the most important circumstances that molds any African-American leader is the prevalent racism in the United States and structures of inequality that have persisted since slavery."
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African-American Males, 2006.
An examination of the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and the criminal justice system in African-American males.
2,412 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper uses a literature review to evaluate what the relative strength of correlation is between substance abuse, affective disorders and incarceration in African American males. The strength of association is exampled from multiple populations including those incarcerated for petty theft, auto convictions, and those convicted of rape, murder or other forms of violent assault. The paper concludes that there is ample evidence from the literature supporting a relationship or correlation between substance abuse disorders, affective disorders and deviant behaviors among incarcerated African American males. However, there is also evidence suggesting that at present the criminal justice system in America is doing little do address the needs of this unique population.
Outline
Literature Review
Theories of Affective Disorders and Substance Abuse
Substance Abuse
Affective and Substance Abuse Problems Combined
Conclusions/Discussion
From the Paper
"The theoretical framework describing the relationship between affective disorders, substance abuse and deviant behavior is often referred to as the "anomie perspective" and may be defined as the lack of normalness that one experiences in their day to day existence (Shaw, 2002). Following this theory, African males experience "more moral confusion and difficulty assimilating to the normal cultural landscape of society" and hence demonstrate "extremism in behavior", in part as a result of their loss of perspective or reality (Shaw, 2002:6). Further individuals suffering this state tend to lead extremes of life feeling "they are above the law or social order of society" in many cases, or lamenting their sad existence, both of which may lead to individual affective inclinations or substance abuse patterns in African males (Shaw, 2002:6). "Failure, frustration and strain" experienced in ordinary life can also result in moral unsureness and "polarized reactions to societal events" (Shaw, 2002: 6). This in turn may cause someone to give up hope or due diligence, or their efforts toward conformity and contribute to deviant behavior. Under the framework of anomie, strain and "moral undecidedness or lessening in normative control feed back on each other making substance dealing, abuse and deviant behavior an acceptable reaction to life and reality" (Shaw, 2002:6)."
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African-American Males, 2007.
An analysis of the incidence of affective disorders, incarceration and substance abuse among African-American males.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and involvement in the criminal justice system among African-American males. The paper discusses the incidence of incarceration, substance abuse and affective disorders individually and then it discusses patterns between the three issues.
Table of Contents:
High Incarceration Rates Among African Males
High Incidence Untreated Affective Disorders Depression/Anxiety
Mandated Sentences Equal Tougher Sentences on AM Males
Perception of Traumatic Events in Urban African Males
Part II - Drug Abuse and Crime Activity
From the Paper
"Most of these studies suggest that left untreated, affective disorders including those among African Americans worsen with time, and that higher rates of recidivism often result particularly when offenders are released and still must face various psychological stressors and disorders including depression or anxiety (Spencer, 1999). Given this information it seems logical that rehabilitation measures be adopted that help address psychological instability among prison populations. As yet however, there are no uniform regulations or laws that dictate or mandate rehabilitation for African Americans or other populations at risk for higher rates of affective disorders in prison. This suggests that these disorders will likely continue in the future."
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African American Males and the Criminal Justice System, 2006.
An in-depth look at African-American males and the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and the criminal justice system.
3,560 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 28 sources, MLA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the rise in crime amongst the African-American male population and the variety of social problems, such as a history of abuse and psychological disorders, that may be fuelling this criminal behaviour. This paper also takes a look at the fact that many African-American males are being released from prison with drug addictions that did not exist prior to their incarceration.
Contents
Introduction/Statement Problem
Significance of Problem
Purpose Of Proposed Study
Preliminary Literature Review
Studies Supporting African American Male Criminal Activity
Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Aggressive Behavior
The Link Between Victimization and Psychopathology
Summary of Preliminary Research
Limitations
Sample Size
Delimitations
Implications
From the Paper
"There is however much evidence pointing to affective disorders and substance abuse problems within the African American male population, which may contribute to drug dependence and criminal activity (Widom & White, 1997; Wagner, Loyd & Gil, 2002; Zeitlin, 1999; Gil, et. al, 2004). Still other evidence points to drug use early in adolescence as contributing to criminal behavior, and that early drug use may be associated with other domestic, violence or abuse problems and mental health disorders even in youth (Vega & Gil, 1998; Turner & Lloyd, 1995; Tubman, Langer & Calderon, 2001).
Other evidence suggests patterns of dependence symptoms and alcohol abuse may be linked with depressive or other disorders in adolescents, which may progress into adulthood leading to criminal activity (Martin, Kaczynski, Maisto & Bukstein, 1995; Kessler, et. al, 1996; Kilpatrick, et. al, 2000)."
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African-Americans: Their Past and Present, 2007.
This paper discusses the history of African-Americans and their situation today.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper documents the history of African-Americans in America until the twentieth century when they were finally granted rights to full citizenship. The paper explores the connection between blacks and crime and the damaging effects of mass incarceration. The paper also examines the portrayal of African-Americans by the media and the situation for African-Americans with regards to employment. The paper shows how blacks are still suffering from their years of slavery and concludes with the hope that as the United States becomes more racially diverse, their situation will only improve.
From the Paper
"The history of African Americans concerns the story of a group of people who were displaced from their different homelands and struggled through great adversity to adapt to their new "homes" and redefine their traditions and culture. Since arriving in North America, their dreams, thoughts, hopes and actions became responsible for some of the most profound economic, political, and cultural developments in the modern Western world. Black resistance slowly destroyed the political and economic system of slavery and created new forms of democracy and equality for all people of color and women. Black creativity influenced all forms of Western art, music, dance and theater.
Black intellectualism looked at various forms of scholarship in entirely different ways to establish new methodologies and approaches."
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African-American Fathers? Absenteeism, 2004.
A look at the impact of African-American fathers? absenteeism on their children.
4,374 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to substantiate the theory that the absence of the African-American fathers' role in the life of their children creates an environment conducive for maladjusted children. It explores the topic in order to reflect the fact that the absence of fatherhood in all cultures does demonstrate a similar alarming trend. It shows how there are many factors that enhance or lessen the effects fathers may have on their children, whether it is the quality or quantity of the time spent with their children, and analyzes whether there is a distinction between the results of one over the other.
Outline
Introduction
Background: Paternal Influences of Fatherhood
Environmental Causes of Absentee Fatherhood in
African American Families: Effects on Children?
Poverty
Gender
Statistical Confirmation of the African American Family Poverty
Education
Unemployment
Divorce
Institutional Racism
Unwarranted Incarceration
Impact on Children
Attachment and Fatherhood
Relevance of Theory
Practice Concerns
Summary Conclusions
From the Paper
"There is a space between where the conflict ends and where the effect of disorganization begins. It is at this point that we can view the changes that are the result of the many violent constraints and exploitations. Furthermore, we can explore this problem of African American fatherhood absenteeism through a concept called Social and Cultural Disorganization (Lowery, 1974). This theory was explored in Chicago between 1920 and the 1930?s. Disorganization was defined as ?a disintegration of the values and rules that govern everyday behavior?. In my judgment, Social Disorganization is what we see within the context of this African American male population in the form of lack of hope, hooked on dope, violent crime, mate bashing (Domestic violence), and absenteeism from fatherhood responsibilities, which is herewith being examined."
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Improving the Health Status of African-American Males, 2002.
An exploration of the interaction of health and prison life that creates serious health problems .
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 23 sources, £ 95.95
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Abstract
Explores the interaction of health & prison life that creates serious health problems. Cites statistics including mortality & incarceration rates. Links to poverty. Discusses problems African-Americans encounter in criminal justice system, family, schools, employment, & substance abuse. Discusses health problems of HIV infection, stress, addiction, prison life. Recommends a holistic perspective & programs to reduce or prevent recidivism & improve health & survival rates of African-American men. Abstract.
From the Paper
"The Interaction of High Incarceration Rates with the Health and Life Expectancy of African-American Men and the Role of Early Prevention/Intervention
Abstract
African-American male adolescents and adults are embedded in a context that is less supportive of their health and well being than of any other group in this country. They have lower life expectancies, high-risk exposure, and higher levels of incarceration than any other group.
African-Americans are disproportionately residents of large cities which seem to have higher homicide rates and higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse (along with availability). When they do drink, they tend to have worse consequences from their drinking, including incarceration and addiction."
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African-American Incarceration Trends, 2004.
A literature review of the experiences of African-American males in jail in the United States.
8,753 words (approx. 35.0 pages), 26 sources, MLA, £ 129.95
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Abstract
The proposed study investigates and explores the experiences of African-American males with affective disorders and the correlation between their histories of substance abuse and incarceration in the U.S. criminal justice system. Includes several graphs and tables.
From the Paper
"According to Beck, Karberg and Harrison (2001), the criminal justice system has experienced a substantial growth during the last decade. Currently, more than 1.9 million individuals are incarcerated in U.S. jails and prisons, representing a 76.8 percent increase since 1990 (Beck, et al., 2001). A study conducted by Beck and Harrison in 2000 revealed that the overall incarceration rate was 690 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents. For African American women, the rate was 380 inmates per 100,000 women; for African American males, the rate was 4,848 per 100,000; for Hispanic women, the rate was 119 per 100,000; for Hispanic males, the rate was 1,668 per 100,000; for white women, the rate was 67 per 100,000; and for white men, the rate was 705 per 100,000. Further more, as stated by Bonezar and Beck (1997), at current levels of incarceration, newborn African American males have a greater than one in four chance of being imprisoned during their lifetimes, while Latin American males have a one in six chance, and white males have a one in twenty-three chance. These findings clearly demonstrate the degree to which African American males are at risk of being incarcerated within the U.S. criminal justice system."
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African-American Men and Child Support, 2002.
This paper looks to refute the claim that there is more evidence of failure to pay child support among African-American men than among white men.
758 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
The paper uses research conducted on the topic to argue that the minimal amount of disparity between the liklihood of child support payment between black men and white men can be attributed to the considerably higher unemployment and lower compensation of African-American men.
From the Paper
"Census data specify the race of parents due child support, but they do not specify the gender or race of those paying it. However, nearly all child support is owed by men, and the overwhelming majority of children have parents of the same race. Many mothers do not seek payments from absent fathers. In 1991, 1 million of 2.9 million Black custodial parents had child support orders. The belief that black men are unwilling to pay child support has fueled efforts by Congress to correct the problem. Welfare legislation includes proposals to create state and federal registries to track "deadbeat dads" who cross state lines and take new jobs. States would also be able to suspend driver's and occupational licenses held by nonpaying parents, a step that President Clinton has urged, though critics have argued that suspending driver's licenses could actually have the opposite of the intended effect."
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Prostate Cancer in African-American Men, 2008.
An intervention proposal to increase the probability of screening and early detection of prostate cancer in African-American males.
1,881 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in American males and how multiple epidemiological studies have confirmed that African-American males have a higher incidence of prostate cancer, and experience higher mortality than Caucasian males in the United States. It looks at how ignorance of cultural issues, language differences, and prejudice all serve as barriers to access to a uniform standard of health care for African-American males. It contends that to be effective, recruitment of African-American males into prostate cancer screening programs must move from health care provider sites, to community sites where African-American males normally congregate and looks at some of the success stories.
From the Paper
"Difficulty recruiting African-American men into prostate cancer screening clinical trials and mass screenings is a common thread in the literature review. National trials data with less than ten percent participation rates among African-American men demonstrates that the current approach to recruitment into screening is less than effective (Weinrich, Boyd, & Bradford, 1998). The research demonstrates the possibility of multiple causative factors. In general, the lack of knowledge about prostate cancer may be a barrier to making an informed decision about prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) screening (Sellers & Ross, 2003). Informed decision-making implies that the decision to screen will involve both the health care professional and the patient (Sellers & Ross). "
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Treatment Of African American Men In Hollywood Films, 2002.
Discusses stereotyped portrayals of black males in various films.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 14 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
Discusses stereotyped portrayals of black males in various films. Cites examples from THE BIRTH OF A NATION, GUESS WHO'S COMING TO DINNER, the blaxploitation genre, MANDINGO, 1930s films of the old South, THEY WON'T FORGET, 1940S STEREOTYPES AND THE "New Negro," TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD. Realistic treatment of black males in several independent later films.
From the Paper
"D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Stanley Kramer's Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? (1967) represent opposing poles in the treatment of the African-American male in Hollywood films. The portrayal of black men in both films is absurd, but their intentions were quite different. Griffith, the Southern-born director whose great career was a milestone in the development of the medium, claimed until his death that his film was not racist despite the thousands of African Americans and white Americans who explained why it was, indeed, a landmark in screen racism. His conception of the old stereotype of the sexually predatory black male, intent on despoiling white females, gave cinematic form to one of the most prevalent myths involved in white fear of black people. Kramer, on the other hand, was a devout liberal interested in furthering the cause of ..."
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