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The IMF, World Bank and the Anti-Globalization Movement, 2004.
This paper discusses the functions of the IMF and the World Bank.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the functions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The writer discusses these functions in the context of globalization. Functions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are also discussed regarding the anti-globalization protest movement. In addition, in this paper, the writer examines reasons for the protest.
From the Paper
"Until rather recently, globalization was a term that few people had ever heard, while the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank were merely among the welter of international agencies that cluttered newspaper reportage and which most newspaper readers ignored as obscure and technical, of interest only to specialists. In recent years however, globalization has become a flash-point issue in international politics. Trade negotiations and conferences of the IMF and World Bank are regularly accompanied ... "
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IMF and World Bank, 2003.
Discusses why the activities of the World Bank and IMF are so controversial.
2,924 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
A discussion about the controversies surrounding the IMF and World Bank. The debt trap, the (Structural Adjustment Plans) SAPs and the unequal distribution of the votes are the main criticisms among IMF and World Bank opponents. The paper shows that there is need for reforms and change, and it also explains that both institutions are necessary in today's globalized world as they did help and improve living standards in many cases. The writer points out, however, that both institutions, especially the World Bank have already started to reform its organization as a response to the protester's demands. This means that the World Bank realized that some arguments of the opponents actually do concern. It concludes to explain that the World Bank now is among the world's largest external funder of education, health (HIV/AIDS) and environment projects.
1. Introduction
1.1. The Rise of the IMF and World Bank
1.2. The International Monetary Fund
1.3. The World Bank
2. Why are the Activities of IMF and World Bank so Controversial?
2.1. Poverty
2.2. The Debt Trap
2.3. The Structural Adjustment Plans (Saps)
2.3.1. Austerity Programs
2.3.2. Privatisation
2.3.3. Environment
2.4. Voting Rights
2.5. The Human Rights Issue
3. Conclusion
4. Reference List
From the Paper
"In July 1944 the so-called Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, USA established the IMF together with the World Bank, originally called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). These two organisations were the outcome of long negotiations between 44 nations during World War II in order to ensure post-war global economic growth and to eliminate the aggressive exchange rates politics of the 30s. "The task of the IMF would be to maintain order in the international monetary system and that of the World Bank would be to promote general economic growth" (Hill, 2003:340). Furthermore, with the establishment of both organisations the member states aspired for reforms of international economic relations and an expansion of world trade."
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The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2003.
Provides a critical overview.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 16 sources, £ 78.95
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Abstract
Considers how the entities were created in 1944 as a mechanism to rebuild Europe after the devastation of World War II and the role the two institutions have played in economic development across the globe to facilitate trade and assist poor countries.
From the Paper
"The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were both created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944. The initial impetus for establishing both the World Bank and the IMF was ..."
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The Anti-Globalization Movement, 2006.
An analysis of the effects of the Anti-Globalization Movement.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in terms of ideologies, actions, and goals that exist, or should exist in order for the anti-globalization movement to develop into a successful global social movement, there is general agreement that there must be a greater emphasis on social and political issues such as gender equality, and economic issues such as product music and entertainment product copyright protection. The paper further discusses that these are only two of a multitude of important issues that need to be addressed, but they reflect the anti-globalization movement's fundamental goal of protecting the social, political, and economic rights of individuals, groups, and societies as globalization expands. For example, globalization has presented many challenges and opportunities for the transnational women's movement.
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The World Bank, 2004.
This paper discusses that the World Bank has contributed positively towards the achievement of growth and sustainable development for many of the poor nations in the world.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after the world wars, the beginning of internationalism saw the formation of the World Bank, which became the United Nations? special agency. The author points out that, over the years, the World Bank has evolved from its initial role of an investment agency to a developmental assistance agency. The paper relates that the World Bank has been the target of environmentalists in many nations because of its approval and financial assistance involving projects that carried serious environmental risk factors, such as the construction of dams and mining operations, ignoring the dangers to the ecosystem, and the effects it has on the lives of the people in the region.
Table of Contents
Thesis
Introduction
History of World Bank and IMF
World Bank?s Important Achievements
Problems
Misfired Policies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The World Bank is at the forefront of fighting against the AIDS epidemic that is ravaging the African continent. The bank has already approved $1 billion in 2003 and through the multi-country AIDS program it has already allotted $600 million for 15 projects in Africa. Bulgaria was another economically ailing nation, which has benefited immensely from World Bank loans. The country, which was struggling in the early 1990?s, has managed to achieve economic stability with a 4% GDP growth in 2002. From 1990 till 2002, the nation has received more than $1,167 million in loans from the World Bank."
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World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, 2005.
This paper discusses the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its relationship to the economy of Indonesia, China, Thailand, the Philippines, Korea, Vietnam and Cambodia.
3,980 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have been responsible for lending billions of dollars to Asian countries over the past thirty years; but, in the past, some countries were unable to repay their loans and the loans had to be refinanced in order to support the country's economy. The author points out that, to protect their investments, the IMF and the World Bank conduct a series of negotiations with the government that wishes to borrow money; these negotiations establish a series of policies and changes that the government promises to establish in order to enhance and strengthen its economy. The paper relates the economy and relationship to the IMF of several Asian countries including Indonesia, one of the leading recipients of foreign bank lending, whose history of borrowing has been troubled by political corruption and an unstable financial sector.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Indonesia
China
Thailand
The Philippines
Korea
Vietnam
Cambodia
From the Paper
"China used to be one of the world's poorest countries. Twenty years ago, 80 percent of the population was living on less than US$1 a day and there was an illiteracy rate of 60 percent. However, over the past two decades China has made enormous progress in reducing poverty. In 1978 and again in 1995, China launched an economic reform program which took it from being a communist economy to a market-based one. The economic reform package brought the country up to average growth rate in gross domestic product of 8 percent a year. Growth has continued in China and the poverty rate has declined, bringing more than 200 million Chinese above the poverty level."
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Globalization and Banking, 2004.
Discussion on globalization in the banking industry.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explains what globalization has meant to the banking industry and how it has been affected by the globalization process. The paper looks at the reasons for the globalization of the banking industry, the good and bad of global banking versus local banking, and barriers that banks face in the global banking industry. The paper also looks at the topic of mergers and acquisitions and measures designed to protect the world trade infrastructure from inconveniences and sub-standardized financial services.
From the Paper
"Banking industry can be compared to any other industry which uses factors of production and yields output. However in the specific banking industry, these factors of production yield an output in the form of financial services. Banks are organizations that organize the input and output in this industry."
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Banking in the Global Market, 2006.
An in-depth look at how bank mergers and acquisitions effect the bottom line for finances and people.
1,242 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the subject of bank mergers and acquisitions mainly focusing on European and American banks. The paper offers an in-depth look at both the financial and organizational sides of how a merger or acquisition effects the bottom line for both finances and employees. The paper covers a review of the literature in order to analyzes these topics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Mergers and Acquisition: A Review of the Literature 1980-2005
Background to the Study
Data Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"(3) Assessing employee opinion on the M&A and discussing issues of effective leadership and measuring of employee production and morale after the M&A are important to weighing the benefit of the M&A. For an organization facing an M&A, they can look at past M&As to assess strengths and weaknesses. This will allow that bank to adjust the strategy and aid in handling problems that will arise. This will be done through looking at surveys of employee and their reactions to M&As. Such statistics will include ratios looking at how their morale survived the M&A and also how many employees stayed or quit."
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Globalization and Global Labour Patterns, 2005.
An analysis of the factors leading to globalization and global labour patterns.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses globalization and global labour patterns. The paper argues that in a globalized world corporations are determining the labour conditions in both developed and developing countries. It suggests that the corporations are essentially making cheap, unskilled and flexible labourers.
From the Paper
"Globalization and Global Labour Patterns Globalization is one of the most controversial issues in politics and economics. In "Note on Terminalogy" David McNally defines globalization as, "The mainstream term for the new world Economy of the past twenty years" (McNally 9). How exactly has the world economy changed? While discussing the political and economic changes that have occurred over the last three decades Teeple explains, A system of highly integrated world trade was an irreversible fact by the end of the 1970s, confirmed and hastened by the new means of transportation and communications, whose increased productivity were transforming the worldwide distribution of products and hence the global conditions for valorization (Teeple 71)."
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Processes of Globalization and Shared Global Culture, 2005.
A discussion on whether the processes of globalization are producing a shared global culture.
2,028 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper states that it is not complicated to find some globalized places such as airline terminals, international hotels or CNN business news revealing the effects of globalization and its repercussions on our understanding of culture in the modern world. The paper relates that through the growing of global interconnections and the processes of ideas and global goods crossing national borders, cultures fuse across the globe. The paper also discusses the presence of English as an international language, and a homogenization of culture. The paper confirms that, culture is a set of values and practices characterized by its particularity, which nevertheless needs universal criteria as a reference to justify this particularity. It is also crucial to define culture as an "encompassing" concept and to keep in mind that it is difficult to know what is cultural.
From the Paper
"In addition, a shared global culture is also relevant as a global dissemination of an American or Western culture. Indeed the processes of globalization are providing fuel for a cultural imperialism, that is to say a global culture liable to be a hegemonic culture. Thus the assertion of a shared global culture seems to be linked to what Friedman describes as "the increasing hegemony of particular central cultures, the diffusion of American values, consumers goods and lifestyles" (Friedman, 1994: 195). The diffusion of dominant standard icons and references such as MacDonald's, Coca-Cola leads to think about an obvious Americanization. In a word, cultures are both confronted by a global dominance of the western culture and by the practices of global capitalism. The result is probably a decrease of cultural differences: a process which undeniably worked to the advantage of the USA and others Western nations. A striking example of this tendency of cultural imperialism is the United Nations Educations Scientific and Cultural Organization's call for a "new world information and communication order" and its politics on global culture."
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Globalization and Global Survival, 2005.
This paper discusses the effects and dangers of globalization.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This article examines the cultural, commercial, political and environmental effects of globalization. The writer then looks at the related challenges and dangers. The writer discusses how the existence of international monopolies together with the third world sweat shops and additional factors endanger global survival. The writer further discusses that globalization's exportation of environmentally and perhaps socially unsustainable Western materialism to populous developing nations such as India and China is also worrying for the future of the planet.
From the Paper
"Evidence of increasing hegemony by an ever shrinking number of multinational conglomerates is fuelling increasing concern regarding global cultural, commercial, political and environmental effects from such inequitable distribution of power. The creation of international industrial monopolies and massive fortunes of unprecedented size, accompanied as it is by equally massive down-sizing, unemployment, environmental degradation and the exponential increase of Third World sweat shops and child labor, seems to be leading to disaster on a global scale."
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The Global South and the Global North, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of globalization on the inequality between the global north and the global south.
1,402 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at globalization and discusses how it has exacerbated the pre-existing inequalities between the poor global south and the wealthy global north. It illustrates how globalization forces some people (predominantly in the southern regions of the planet) to work while permitting other people (predominantly individuals residing in the global north) to become wealthy.
From the Paper
"To start with, it is commonly known that powerful multinational corporations in the global north habitually take their manufacturing operations from Europe and/or America and deposit those aforementioned manufacturing operations in global south countries where they can avoid the onerous regulatory regimes, high corporate taxes, and high wage costs they associate with the north. At the same time, the movement of jobs and plants to the south has the unhappy effect of not only costing workers jobs in the north but also of reducing the south to the subordinate position of being "hewers of wood and drawers of water" for multinationals that are looking for cheap human resources that can be utilized in a working environment that is more permissive than the highly-regulated work environments of America and/or Europe. A good example of this phenomenon can be found in the IT sector where skilled U.S. workers are losing jobs to individuals overseas (Sosbe, 4) - presumably because the "cost of doing business" vis-a-vis wage expenses is lower in global south nations which do not have a strong tradition of labor activism or of government involvement in employee-employer relations."
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Impact of E-Banking on the Banking Industry, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of individual commercial banks and how they service their customers.
13,765 words (approx. 55.1 pages), 31 sources, APA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses individual commercial banks and how they service their customers. It analyzes the quality of banking services that a customer gets and how the services are provided to the customer. It describes the three main channels for banking today - through branches, through the internet and on telephone.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter I
How Internet Banking Has Grown In The Last Decades, Especially Regarding New Product Being Offered
Evolution of Internet Banking
Present Status and Profile of E-Banking Offered By Banks
Nature of Product Offered
Chapter II
The Operations of Banks In Different Areas: What Is The Contribution?
Effects of E-Banking on Banking Operations: What Is The Contribution of Internet Banking Toward The Business?
Chapter III
General Benefits of Banks From E-Business and Other Communication
Performance Measurement
Chapter IV
Reality of System Risks and Control
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To understand the relationship that can develop between the Internet and banks, one has to first understand the nature of both these items. The first to be understood is the banks. So far as banks are concerned, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, central banking which is the source of all banking activity would appear to be at a crossroads in their future. Earlier it was the lender of last resort, active participant in stabilizing economic fluctuations, and now the present main function is being the guardian of price stability. As it is still the monetary authority, much is expected from them. At one stage, fiscal policy was considered to be the main instrument of economic policy, the situation changed to an ascendancy of monetary policy and that was noted by the late 1980s in most parts of the industrialized world. This had a lot of implications for the role of the central bank."
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Citigroup's Global Corporate and Investment Banking, 2006.
This paper analyzes Citigroup's Global Corporate and Investment Banking (GCIB) especially the IT department.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the IT department of the Citigroup's Global Corporate and Investment Banking (GCIB) implemented a revolutionary system called Mystic. The author points out that Mystic was designed and developed to not only be a transparent window into the status of all of Citigroup's GCIB IT projects but also a technology catalog, a knowledge library, a reusable asset manager and a global talent manager. The paper relates that Citigroup's Knowledge Center, an incredible asset for the organization, identifies experts in their field, which allows Citigroup to utilize these people as effectively and efficiently as possible, where their skills are needed most.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Competitive Forces Model and Citigroup's GCIB Competitive Strategy
The Business Model Processes Using the Value Chain Model
Importance of Information Technology to Citigroup
The Introduction of Mystic
Advantages of the Citigroup Knowledge Center and Application by Any Large Organization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Inbound logistics includes items such as inventory control, and is one of the facets addressed at Citigroup with the implementation of Mystic. As noted, Mystic is not simply a project monitoring tool, it is also a technology catalog. Citigroup is able to manage their inventory of technology using Mystic to monitor where the technology is being implemented, how effective it is, and to warn as it nears the end of its lifecycle."
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