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Ideals of the Middle Ages, 2001.
This paper compares St. Augustine's 'City of God' to the code of chivalry in the Middle Ages.
725 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the rules and theories set forth by St. Augustine to those followed by citizens of the Middle Ages who sought to be chivalrous. It studies both codes which represent the pinnacle of Medieval society. It describes the many classes in the Middle Ages including The Feudal Class, the Religious Class and more. It includes an historical overview of the Middle Ages and the spread of Christianity at the time.
From the Paper
"It is interesting to note that St. Augustine?s City of God was written in the Fifth Century, which is generally considered to be the onset of the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages gained notoriety and expanded mainly due to the spread of Christianity. St. Augustine?s Christian beliefs, coupled with the chivalric code, seemed to serve the theoretical basis for the foundation that the Middle Ages were built on.
"The order of the chivalric code and St. Augustine?s rules also show the importance of religion in society. St. Augustine?s code begins with the general statement, ?Before all else, dear brothers, love God and then your neighbor, because these are the chief commandments given to us.? This general plea not only serves as the precursor for St. Augustine?s code, but would not be out of place if it was written right before the code of chivalry. There are many aspects of the chivalric code which support the general statement made by St. Augustine. They include, ?thou shalt be generous, and give largess to everyone? and ?thou shalt love the country in the which thou wast born.? These two elements of the code of chivalry note that commoners should respect their neighbors and the country in which they live."
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Middle School Reform, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose of the middle school and how middle school teachers lack the training necessary to meet the specific needs of middle school students.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of middle school reform. It specifically focuses on what a middle school is and what the original purpose of creating such an institution was. The paper looks at how the middle schools were created to meet the unique needs of young people who are neither young children nor sexually mature adolescents. The paper then looks at how teachers are often not specifically trained to meet the needs of the middle school students.
From the Paper
"Rather than standardized testing other theorists have also stressed the need for more rigorous certification of middle school teachers in specific subject areas, combined with a team-based approach to learning, so that students can learn to see interdisciplinary connections between math and science, for example, or literature and the arts. Having more than one teacher teach classes solves the problem of striking a balance of a close classroom environment and creating a high school-like atmosphere where different teachers for different subjects (Clark & Clark, 1993). Team teaching is ideal to keep the holistic approach that is characteristic of elementary school and to prepare students for the segmented days of junior and senior high. Varied instruction techniques to help with transitioning to high school and the diversity of educational methodologies employed by different teachers, and allowing students to explore personal interests are all important in creating a positive attitude towards learning and school (Clark, 1993)."
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Canada and the Middle East, 2006.
This paper explores Canada's contributions towards the struggles in the Middle East and the Middle East peace process.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's involvement, past and present, in the conflicts in the Middle East relative to other nations. The paper details the numerous conflicts in the Middle East over the years. The paper explores the contributions of other nations towards the Middle East peace process and demonstrates how the contributions of Canada, unlike many other nations, are effective, but silent.
From the Paper
"Past and present, the Middle East has been in a constant state of chaos, involving nations worldwide. Progressing negatively with no major improvement, many third parties, alongside the Arab nations, have put forth constant efforts, despite many failures, in an attempt to restore the Middle East to its once peaceful state. The active contributions by many nations, including the United States of America, and the Soviet Union, have been witnessed and recognized worldwide. The contributions of Canada, unlike the many other nations, are effective, but silent."
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Expansion of the Black Middle Class, 2001.
This paper discusses the effects of the expansion of the black middle class.
1,528 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the phenomenal growth of the black middle class in the past twenty years has created a tremendous need for further in-depth study. The writer points out that essentially, the majority of studies on the black family have been about the underclass and how its persistence affects the family structure. The writer notes that associated with anyone considered a part of the middle class are a number of stresses. The writer then addresses the issues of some of the stresses that black middle class families in particular deal with and looks at how they are translated in respect to their relationships. In discussing these issues, it is also important to note whether or not the overall optimism felt for the growth of the black middle class is justified. The writer concludes that though the data on the economic situation of black middle class families continues to show that their standard of living is not comparable to white middle class families, one must admit the rise in numbers of such families (despite these odds) is encouraging.
Outline:
Introduction
Origins of the Black Middle Class
Psychological Consequences of Black Middle Class : Work Ethic
Psychological Consequences of Black Middle Class : Guilt
Psychological Consequences of Black Middle Class : Identity Confusion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"They have been able to access the resources necessary to attain middle class status through their own efforts or the efforts of their families. Yet generally they are very conscious of their status' instability and consider it temporary.
"The "descendant" category consists of those from established Black families with prominent histories. Meaning, their middle class status can be traced back many generations to the Civil War. Many come from families that were either free before the war or freed afterwards. Others are descendants of Blacks with blood ties to Whites who provided special privileges to them. These more established middle class families are known to have a stronger sense of self and belonging than the "nouveau" group. They are not worried about their status due to their profound sense of "having" and sense of "place"."
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Conflict in the Middle East, 2005.
A discussion on why the Middle East can be considered a conflict area.
26,575 words (approx. 106.3 pages), 40 sources, MLA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
Over the last hundred years, the Middle East has been one of the most troubled regions in the world. This paper attempts to define the attributes for success in the modern world that the Arab community lacks such as freedom, knowledge and woman power and how these impact the current political situation.
Outline
Islam Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Islam Does Not Cause Conflict in the Middle East
The Arab-Israeli Dispute Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Israeli Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Palestinian Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Lack of Democracy Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Oil Profits Cause Conflict in the Middle East
Water Scarcity Could Cause Conflict in the Middle East
From the Paper
"Sharon has spent years trying to erase the stain of the Lebanon War. Still, the legal defeat would seem to be the least of his troubles. After he won the premiership by promising to bring peace and security to Israel's citizens, Sharon has produced neither. The conflict with the Palestinians continues to escalate. The day of the court ruling, four Israelis died in Palestinian attacks; the following day, six soldiers died in a strike against an army roadblock. Sharon responded with a rare speech to the nation--in which he disappointed all expectations that he would announce a new policy direction. Among voters, confidence that he has a strategy is bleeding away. In one Israeli public-opinion poll, 29 percent of respondents said that Sharon had a clear plan, while 58 percent said he was simply reacting to events."
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Modern Middle East, 2007.
An analysis of the Middle East according to two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History", one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History," one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim. The paper discusses the differing views of the two authors on the same subject with Gelvin suggesting that the Middle East has remained tyrannical and economically stagnant, while Ibrahim suggests that Western ideology has penetrated the once supposedly pure nationalist governments of the Middle East.
From the Paper
"The young man's choice, that of a doctor who is famous for his works of global outreach and philanthropy, shows that the apparently noxious ideology of globalization has already penetrated even his consciousness. The reason the doctor is seen as evil in the book is because he is an international figure, and globalization is deemed to be harmful. The committee is afraid that if the young man selects this doctor, the regime's true ideology will be revealed, and the Westernized control of the Middle East will make itself known to the general population. The ideology of the supposed diversification of interests of modern economic life masks the real, controlling presence of the West that is manifest even on the Carter buses that run through the streets. This demonstrates that the nation is in the grips of a consumption ideology that only results the people consuming things against their own true nation's interests. Rather than Coca-Cola, Ibrahim suggests, better to drink in the ideology of true anti-capitalist nationalism."
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Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", 2005.
This paper discuses Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", a modern history of the Middle East from the perspective of the changing peasant and urban artisan classes and the emerging modern working-classes.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 0 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East" begins in 1750, which marks the start of modern history for the Middle East because of (1) the rise of autonomous provincial regimes, (2) the expansion of agricultural production and (3) the intensification of links between several parts of the Ottoman Empire and the world capitalist market. The author points out that Beinin argues that industrial manufacturing was introduced to the Middle East as part of a drive to establish modern armies and extend the power of the states. The paper relates that Beinin considers the period after the collapse of global oil prices in 1985-86, when states became unable to provide previously established levels of services, thus creating an economic and moral vacuum, as the beginning of the political Islamic movements of establishing a popular base by offering social services, including education, health care and child care.
From the Paper
"During the era of Fordism-Keynesianism many Middle Eastern states pursued policies of populism, nationalist anti-imperialism, state-led economic development, and import-substitution industrialization. Some examples of this post-World War II trend he cites were Muhammad Mossadegh's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956. State-led development and import-substitution industrialization were key components of the social policies advanced by Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir in Egypt, the Ba'th in Syria and Iraq and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) from the 1950s to the 1970s. The political and economic programs of these authoritarian-populist regimes were designated "Arab nationalism" and "Arab socialism" respectively."
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Middle Schools, 2007.
This paper discusses the problems facing middle schools and presents solutions.
837 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problems that exist in today's middle schools. The paper relates that middle schools need to use strategies that will help the early adolescent adjust from elementary school to the middle schools, as well as teach strategies that will help the students be successful in high school.
Outline:
History of Junior High Schools and Middle Schools
Looking at Middle Schools
Changes Middle Schools Need to Be Successful
From the Paper
"Why were middle schools created? What are the problems in middle schools? Educators must address these important questions. Thomas Dickinson and Deborah Butler state that the basic concept of middle schools is that of "a school for young adolescents that was based on their developmental needs..." (7). Students who enter the sixth grade are more mature than elementary students; however, the reasoning was that they were not ready to enter high school. It is important to consider this concept of middle schools, as well as the problems that exist in today's middle schools, in the effort to find solutions that will make middle schools successful."
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Future Wars of the Middle East, 2006.
A research paper exploring the possibility of a future breakout of war in the Middle East and North Africa due to the scarcity of water throughout the region.
20,838 words (approx. 83.4 pages), 48 sources, MLA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
This dissertation presents a case study of the possibility of future wars throughout the Middle East and North Africa due to water scarcity and limited water resources presently being experienced in that region. The paper starts by revealing the gravity of the situation by showing the present statistics surrounding the problem of water scarcity throughout the world. Thereafter, the paper highlights the importance of water in the national economy. From then on, the paper discusses the present situation of water scarcity in the Middle East by noting the present available resources of water in the Middle East. Lastly, the paper highlights the reason underlying possible future water wars in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper concludes by briefly analyzing the findings and assessing possible variables and alternative scenarios that might be adapted by the Middle East and North African states to avert war.
Table of Contents
Abstracts
Synopsis
Introduction
The Importance of the Availability of Water
Presently Available Water Resources in the Middle East
The Conflict in the Future
Hypothesis
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Limitations of the Study
Findings
Geographic Location
Regional Tension, Disharmony and Centuries of Conflict
Vague International and National Laws
Population Explosion
Increase Demand and Decrease Supply
Pollution
Water Exploitation Methods
Economic Growth in the Middle East
Border Conflicts
The Domestic Situation and Regional Conflicts
Assessment of Expected Variables
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At present, as mentioned above, approximately 40% of the world's population is dealing with the scarcity of water. In fact, hundreds and thousands of humans travel all year long in search of water. They live their lives like nomads and remain in one place until they have utilized the water resources. While, this picture is very noticeable in the Middle East countries, more and more countries are joining the listing of such countries. Experts fear that if the present situation is not given the due attention, then by the middle of this century, almost 65% of the world's population will be confronting water scarcity and famine (Steve Lonergan, 1996). The gravity of the situation in the Middle East can be gauged from the fact that in the mid 1990's almost 8 countries from this region fell below the international standards of "absolute water scarcity," while many others had been on the brink of falling below the redline (Robert Engelman and Pamela LeRoy, 1993). This situation occurs when the yearly per capita fresh water accessibility of a nation drops below 500 cubic meters. These 8 countries in the Middle East faced inbuilt problems and difficulties of water scarcity that severely threatened the public healthcare structure, as well as, hindered the growth and development of the socio-economic system. To add to the difficulty, these regions have one of the highest population growth rates in the world. One does not have to be a rocket scientist to determine the fate of countries if their water resources come to a stand still while their population is rapidly growing at the rate of more than 3 percent (Ashok Swain, 1996)."
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Taxation and Middle-Class Americans, 2004.
Examines the effect of tax increases on middle-class families in America.
3,431 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
While middle-class families in America now enjoy higher incomes than they did a few decades ago, they also exhibit more symptoms of personal financial distress and a reduced willingness to support basic public services. An important cause of both changes is the fact that taxes are increasing for middle-class families at a steady rate. We are in the beginning stages of a technological revolution that promises to increase the income and wealth gaps, already very high, still further. As a result, middle-class families will find it still harder to save and still harder to come up with a down payment on a house in a good school district. Their commutes will continue to grow longer, along with their reluctance to support essential services. Savings rates will continue to decline. These problems merit serious attention from economists and America?s leaders. While there is no single solution to the woes of America?s middle class, this paper hypothesizes that a feasible tax cut is in order. Many people argue that a tax cut is not the answer, saying that tax cuts usually disproportionately benefit the rich and harm the middle class. This paper addresses how the American tax system is increasingly disadvantageous to the middle class and demonstrates why tax cuts are needed and how they could benefit the middle class.
From the Paper
"It has long been said by the political left that the tax cuts of President Reagan and current President George W. Bush have favored the rich at the expense of the poor (Frank, 2000). Critics claim the rich are not paying their fair share of the tax burden while middle and lower class citizens are struggling to pay for health care, education, and other basic necessities. The obvious solution for big government advocates to level the playing field is to raise taxes on the rich. However, despite the political rhetoric denouncing the Bush tax cuts as a windfall to the rich at the expense of the poor, recent empirical evidence finds the rich do actually pay a substantial amount of the federal tax burden."
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Middle Childhood, 2007.
This paper discusses middle childhood and the importance of applying theories on middle childhood in the classroom.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer analyzes the importance of understanding the stages of human development in the classroom. Specifically, this work analyzes some of the problems that might result from a teacher's lack of such understanding. The focus of this paper is on middle childhood and includes a discussion of teacher behaviors that serve to promote students' thinking abilities, behaviors that would help students achieve greater success and behaviors that would promote the social and emotional well-being of the individual student, as well as improve the classroom environment for children in that stage. Finally this work includes classroom practices and materials that serve to promote diversity and equity within the educational experience.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Developmentally Appropriate Classroom Practice
Classroom Practices: Diversity and Equity in Education
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"At this stage of development the students are very conscious of what their peers think of them and it begins to be important to be accepted among their peers at this stage of development. It is important at this stage of development that the teacher motivates students to participate in classroom activities and discussions and that the students are rewarded for participation. The teacher must work towards the students feeling good about participation even when they give a wrong answer, therefore motivation and reward must be focused toward participation and not just giving the right answer. The teacher should be able to assess the social dynamics among the group of students and in doing so call upon those she has noted are 'leaders' in the group to assist her in motivating other student's participation. In motivating the natural leaders of the classroom group in participation of learning it will become socially acceptable for others in the group to actively participate in classroom activities."
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Expansion Of The Women's Role In The Middle East: Beginning The Process, 1995.
Explores the historical roles of Middle Eastern women and some of the current situations of women in the modern Middle East. Emphasizes the complexity of the situation and the impact of politics, economics and tradition.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, £ 56.95
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From the Paper
"Expansion of the Women's Role in the Middle East: Beginning the Process
Introduction
As Marnia Lazreg (1995) noted, women of the Middle East have been misunderstood by both Western men and Western women for over a century. In some instances their lives have been romanticized, in other instances condemned. But, as Islam and the Middle East itself has been poorly understood, the lives and thinking and aspirations of women in the Middle East has also been filtered through obscuring biases.
The intention in this study is to explore both the historical role of Middle Eastern women and some of the current situations of women in the modern Middle East. As Marilyn Booth (1995) ..."
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American Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2002.
A look at the history of the relationship between the Middle East and the Western World.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history of foreign policy in the Middle East. It goes into the vast differences between cultures of the Arab world and cultures of the rest of the world and compares them in a global environment. Terms, such as globalization, tribalism, and imperialism are discussed and used to compare relations between the Middle East and the Western world. The paper also goes into current trends in foreign policy toward the Middle East. It has become more manipulating than helpful. The people of the Middle East still suffer, despite the efforts of the United States. In fact, the United States government is more concerned with maintaining a balance of power between Middle Eastern nations than maintaining the integrity of human rights. This paper places all of this content into an organized display.
From the Paper
"The events that are occurring at this very time in the Middle East are grim. Every place one looks, there is a violation of human rights, someone being killed, a war going on, or a level of poverty exists that an American could not even comprehend. Throughout the beautiful landscapes, warlords and military dictators have taken over countries and the populations live in fear. In the news, Americans see huge crowds cheering when the US flag is burnt, and the president being hung. After September 11, 2001, American children could see Arab children on television cheering at the disaster. The roots of this Arab rage lead right back to American foreign policy in the region."
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U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2006.
Examines America's foreign policy in the Middle East since 1991.
2,764 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 17 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper critically assesses the impact of U.S. foreign policy on the Middle East since 1991. It explores how the post-Cold War global order affects Middle East politics and how the conflict in the Middle East affects the 'New World Order'.
Table of Contents:
Part I: Summary
Part II: Background to and Nature of American Policy in the Middle East since 1991
Part III: Impact of American Policy in the Middle East
Part IV: Conclusion.
From the Paper
"America's policy of coercive appropriation of the region's only major resource has had another parallel, though highly profound impact. In order to break free from what the countries of the region perceive as the American stranglehold over their resources, many countries have started cooperating with each other to exploit the oil-rich Caspian region. Based on the idea of excluding America from the pipeline grid, this brings several countries from even outside the periphery of the Middle East in close ties with each other. This could spell a total alteration of the geo-strategic dynamics of the region."
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