| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "ICC INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW": |
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ICC and International Humanitarian Law, 2004.
A look at why the U.S. voted against the text of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
12,752 words (approx. 51.0 pages), 84 sources, MLA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a discussion of the U.S.A. arguments against its opposition to the International Criminal Court. This is then followed by a brief history of Article 16, beginning with the Article 23(3) of the International Law Commission Draft and ending with the final amendments that led to the adoption of Article 16 in its present form. The paper then provides a legal analysis of the conditions stipulated under Article 16 in conjunction with the conditions set forth in Article 39 of the United Nations Charter. It further examines the consistency of Resolution 1422 with both Article 16 and Article 39 of the UN Charter. The consequent section considers the conformity of the Resolution 1422 with the UN purposes and principles, arguing that there are inconsistencies, which have legal ramifications. The subsequent section commences arguing that the Security Council had exceeded its competence by adopting Resolution 1422. It further discusses the impact of the aforesaid resolution on two main points of the law of treaties. Finally, the paper addresses the impact of Resolution 1422 on different aspects of international law.
Outline
The U.S.A. and the Rome Statute
The Drafting History of Article 16
Resolution 1422 and Article 16
Resolution 1422 and the Purposes and Principles of the UN
Resolution 1422 and the Law of Treaties
Flying in the Face of International Law
From the Paper
"After the Rome Conference, the USA proclaimed that it wouldn't sign or ratify in present or in future the treaty in its present form . "Some U.S. officials have suggested that U.S. policy may go beyond mere non-participation to 'actively opposing' the ICC." After returning from the Diplomatic Conference in Rome, Meron Stated that, "[t]here is a real possibility that the United States may become actively hostile to the [Rome Statute] treaty." Senator Rod Grams who chaired the first Congressional hearing to review the ICC stated, "[t]his Court truly is a monster, and it is a monster that must be slain," . What are the reasons for a democratic country to become 'actively hostile' to such a treaty? Illustrating the stiffness and the rigidity of the USA position regarding the ICC treaty during the Rome Conference, it has been argued that, at the Rome Conference the USA delegation, "baked by its world's preeminent power," was so rigid to reach compromises that "some delegates began to wonder if the United States was really 'negotiating' at all, and many began to contemplate the possibility of proceeding without U.S. support."
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Violations of International Humanitarian Law in Africa, 2001.
Analysis of human rights & religious violations & corruption in modern day Africa. Chad, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Africa, Namibia, Rwanda. Interclan politics, genocide. Response of international community.
7,425 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 37 sources, £ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Human rights violations and political corruption have gone hand-in-hand in Africa for many, many years. Both have become commonplace in Africa's pre- and post-independence history. Governments have resorted to mass arrests, detention without trial, and the ill-treatment (as well as the genocidal murder) of citizens (Kelso, 1994). Abuse and corruption, the latter characterized by the enrichment of self-designated elites who often pocket funds destined for development and humanitarian programs of vital importance, are seemingly endemic and self-perpetuating throughout much of modern-day Africa."
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International Operations and Internalization, 2005.
Considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function, including all four components of the marketing mix. It looks at Porter's model of international strategy and stages of internationalization. The paper provides examples.
From the Paper
"In today's economy companies can no longer be satisfied with serving a single geographic market. This strategy is still effective for some businesses but many companies-including small and medium-sized organizations-have recognized the benefits of expanding their operations to the global market. With the advent of the Internet and the ability to transfer funds across borders seamlessly and with low transaction costs the move toward globalization is no longer limited to only large companies ..."
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The U.S. and the International Criminal Court (ICC), 2006.
This paper argues against the United States of America becoming part of the International Criminal Court (ICC).
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the International Criminal Court (ICC) stands, complementary to national criminal jurisdictions, to prosecute heinous criminals of international concern, the United States would lose much of its sovereignty if it signed onto the ICC. The author points out that not only would American soldiers and politicians be breached of their sovereignty when they travel abroad, but also the court is flawed and has many weaknesses, which need to be worked out. The paper stresses that this rejection of membership in the ICC does not imply that the U.S. does not care about persons affected by war crimes or that it opposes prosecuting war criminals; the U.S. is well known to have led efforts in taking legal action among such individuals such as Slobodan Milosevic. Annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"The hopes of the ICC are to "render accountable the perpetrators of the worst atrocities, and to deter future abuses." Imagine an operational body that might have brought to justice such historical tyrants as Hitler, Stalin, or even Chairman Mao for their known acts of violence. As it stands now, the ICC is committed to holding individuals accountable and is currently investigating war criminals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Sudan. The essential issue here is best described by Jamie Mayerfeld, "how can the world institute the global enforcement of fundamental human rights in a manner that is fair and accurate and that does not inflame international tensions" (94)? The Rome Statue draws out an excellent definition of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity but the lack of a global agreement on human rights blocks the ICC from becoming universally acceptable."
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An International Criminal Court (ICC), 2005.
This paper examines the debate over an international criminal court.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that an interesting but not surprising theme of this debate is that most advocates of an international criminal court tend to be from smaller and less powerful countries. The author points out that most opponents of an international criminal court tend to be from powerful, wealthy, industrialized countries. The paper relates that some of the main argument in favor of an international criminal court are its empower of weaker countries and their citizens and the reduce global tensions.
From the Paper
"In analyzing whether the world needs an international criminal court, it is evident that a number of arguments have been made both for and against such a court. The first main pro argument in favor of an international criminal court is that it would empower weaker countries and their citizens by providing them with the means through the ICC to redress grievances against powerful countries or their citizens. The second main pro argument is that the establishment of an ICC would reduce global tensions through the empowerment it provided weaker states and their citizens."
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The International Criminal Court (I.C.C.), 2003.
Discusses the legal implications of the establishment of the I.C.C.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 22 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper presents information on the purpose of prosecution, trial, and sentencing of individuals found guilty of serious international crimes through the International Criminal Court. It also discusses the implications for world order and international law.
From the Paper
"LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC)
This brief discusses and analyzes the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute), the international treaty providing for the creation of an international ..."
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Rosenbluth International, 2004.
An analysis of Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia. The paper examines the process of quality management and quality assurance that the company has undertaken in order to remain competitive and to continue to keep a leading position by providing high quality service to its travel customers. The paper explains that the process has been introduced in stages and has achieved some momentum, first by developing a training program that taught the rudiments of quality assurance to all employees, and then set out to implement a board of quality advisors to act as facilitators for quality teams formed at each business unit. The paper explores the issue of how to keep the momentum going and to develop even more means of assuring quality and of promoting it throughout the organization, especially as the organization now wants to implement the program internationally to increase the international clientele.
From the Paper
"The travel business has been changing in recent years, creating first anew business model for the field and then altering the traditional competitive environment. The advent of the Internet and the wide use of the personal computer and other computer systems opened the way for a new form of control for the hospitality and travel industries. In the 1990s, the computer constituted the technology with the greatest effect on travel and hospitality around the world. The travel business has been changing with the development and widespread use of advanced computer programs and with increased access to different computer networks. These changes have included the introduction of new services which travelers can access themselves without the need of agents. One of the reasons for this shift is the belief on the part of the consumer that he or she has been paying too much for travel and that there is some hidden expense in the use of a travel agent that can now be avoided. The customer may also desire to become master of his or her own fate to a much greater degree, using self-service machines and computers to shape individual travel plans. As this form of do-it-yourself-travel grew, the question emerged as to whether the mass of travelers really wanted this sort of system and wanted to do the job themselves rather than leaving it to a travel agent. This idea has been examined and has now been tested."
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International Law vs. Terrorism, 2005.
A look at how international law has become faced with the new challenge of terrorism.
3,125 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
How do terrorist threats challenge the current international legal framework? Should the current framework of international humanitarian law be altered? This paper reviews existing international law, challenges to those laws, how countries have responded to terrorism vis-a-vis the implementation of new laws, the justifications used by countries to side-step existing laws, and more.
From the Paper
"In the event that national courts prefer not to assume the role of investigating and prosecuting criminals connected with terrorist acts, other jurisdictions may become involved. One, the Security Council of the UN, under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, "has broad powers to take measures for international peace and security." Also, there is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a court associated with the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court (ICC). According to its charter statement - the "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court" - this court was set up on July 17, 1998, by a coalition of 120 states participating in the "United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court.""
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The Implications of International Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the need for a validity of international law and the International Court of Justice.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of international law and the role that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) plays in resolving disputes between nation states. The large increase in the number of cases is favorably as it shows the willingness of states to use the Court to reaffirm their conviction in the legality of their position in a conflict against a stronger opponent.
From the Paper
" For as long as history has been recorded, nation states have joined forces by entering into treaties in an effort to avoid violent conflict and war (i.e. League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles). In previous times, the Catholic Church mediated international disputes (Currie 2003). These agreements were implemented in an effort to prevent brutal crimes against society, somewhat like a rulebook for war. Treaties between nations involve all parties agreeing upon and adopting a set of rules that dictate interaction with one another ranging from battlefield rules to diplomatic protocol, including a framework for resolving contentious issues among states."
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International Mutual Funds, 2004.
This paper discusses investing in various international mutual funds, describes individual funds, and compares international funds to mutual funds in the U.S.
4,925 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are four types of international mutual funds: The international funds, which invest only in well-known markets outside the U.S. such as Germany, France, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia; the global funds, which contain mixtures of U.S. and international stocks; the regional funds, which concentrate in geographic areas like Latin America, the Pacific Rim and Europe, with the concentration of these firms in small countries and emerging markets; and the country funds, which concentrate only on one country. The author points out that international funds are useful when it is felt that the U.S. market is not doing so well, and the emerging markets in the foreign countries are expected to perform better than the U.S. market. The paper relates that an important feature of international funds is that they give small investors an opportunity to invest in shares all over the world, an activity that would be very difficult or expensive to pursue on their own and that provides a good opportunity for diversification.
Table of Contents
Mutual Funds, the Dynamic Market
What is a Mutual Fund?
The Choice of International Funds
How Does One Know What the Fund is Doing?
From the Paper
"The aim of any mutual fund is to pool in the money from different investors and put it in a position where it can be managed by professionals. The manager makes the trades, realizes the gain or loss, and collects the income in the form of dividend or interest. The gains or losses are then passed on to the individual investors. The operation of most funds are open-ended, and that means that the investment company is at liberty to issue new shares to investors, and also undertakes to buy back shares from investors who want to leave the fund. There are also close ended funs which issue a fixed number of shares, and only these can be bought or sold by the investors among themselves through a stock exchange. The person who has issued these closed funds is not responsible for redeeming them, so the trading of these has to be only through a broker."
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International Trade, 2005.
This paper argues the pros and cons of international trade and concludes in favor of this trade.
3,185 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that increased trade between countries does create wealth; however, the rules of the trade game are such that the wealth being generated by increased level of international trade does not reach all sections of the world in a fair manner. The author argues that there is an urgent need for creating a level-playing field for all in international trade so that the benefits reach everyone; organizations such as the WTO and the IMF, which make and oversee trade rules and international monetary policies, must be purged of the pervasive influence of large multi-national corporations and big business. The paper relates that unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades and the eclipse of communism have given a great boost to international trade; international trade leads to prosperity and development but such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty.
Table of Contents
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Growth in Countries that Adopted Free-Trade Policies
Example of the United States
Cons: The Disadvantages
Policies Based on Corporate Interests
Removing the Guiding Hand
How International Free Trade Policies Favor Big Corporations
Corporations Exempt from Free Market Discipline
Inequality
Rural Poverty
Trade and Environment
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The colonialist powers, particularly Britain, had realized the benefits of international trade after its industrial revolution although it is highly debatable whether such trade was beneficial for the colonies as well. In the last two decades, international monetary institutions such as IMF and trade organizations, particularly the Word Trade Organization (WTO) have been at the forefront for promoting free international trade. Unrestricted international trade has been touted as the panacea for all economic ills and an agent of development. The results of international trade have, however, been mixed. While supporters of free trade point to several success stories such as China, others point to the growing inequality, economic shocks such as the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997, and the increasing poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa as "fruits" of increased international trade (also known as globalization)."
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Contemporary International Economy, 2007.
This paper argues that current international institutions are no longer effective in regulating the contemporary international economy.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the forces at play in the international community today as they affect the contemporary international economy. The writer then provides a discussion of the current trends affecting international institutions in the 21st century. Further, the writer offers an analysis of the impact these events and trends have had on international institutions. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Events and Trends Affecting International Institutions in the 21st Century
Impact of Events and Trends on International Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following World War II, the United States assumed a leadership role in developing new types of international institutions. For example, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided for a liberalization of international trade, the Bretton Woods framework created a fixed exchange-rate system (which lasted until 1971), and the International Monetary Fund controlled the flow of credits until the mid- 1970s and once again from the early 1980s thereafter; in addition, these authors note that the EEC institutionalized a free-trade area in the heart of Western Europe at this time. According to Mingst, international institutions are defined as those they are comprised of membership from at least three states, having activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal agreement. A coordinating body for international institutions, the Union of International Associations, currently distinguishes between the more than 250 international governmental organizations (IGOs) that have been created by intergovernmental agreements and whose members are states, and the approximately 6,000 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), whose members are associations or individuals."
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Should the United States Ratify the International Court Treaty?, 2002.
An examination of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its potential benefit to American interests.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and its potential benefit to the United States, as well as to the remainder of the international community. The paper criticizes the Bush administration's opposition to the treaty, as it explains the faults of arguments raised by the ICC's opponents.
From the Paper
"The prosecution of the most ruthless war criminals, it is widely agreed, is a worthy goal that all nations should pursue. A universal court, it seems, is based on the assumption that the prosecution of such abhorrent war criminals supercedes the value of national sovereignty, as all nations should be able to agree on crimes that are incompatible with the values of any civilization, nation-state, or any other tribal association. But during the years of the Cold War and the de-colonization processes reaching such a universally binding goal was not possible; with the end of the Cold War, the movement towards the creation of an international court began (Carter & Jackson 2002). While the crimes that the court should address are generally agreed on, other issues such as its effect on states? citizens throughout the globe turned out to be an obstacle that induced the United States, as well as a handful of other states, to oppose the jurisdiction of the court. While the US has legitimate concerns vis-?-vis the ICC, it is an imperative that American policymakers support the vision of a universal court and eventually act to ratify the American support."
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