| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "HYDROGEN GASOLINE VEHICLES": |
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Hydrogen vs Gasoline Vehicles, 2005.
A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen cars.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are a number of companies conducting extensive research and development of the creation of hydrogen cars due to a too great reliance on dwindling fossil fuels and environmental problems. In particular, it looks at how hydrogen fuel cars have a number of advantages over gasoline powered automobiles.
From the Paper
"Since the first motorized horse and buggy, the automobile has undergone a number of changes in design and mechanics, based on consumer interest and other factors such as cost, availability of fuel, ease of manufacturability and the like. One of the areas that has undergone these changes is in power used to run the vehicles. The first automobiles were powered either by steam or electricity. The former had functional problems, and the latter were slow, heavy, impractical and expensive. Once the internal combustion engine was developed that used fuels such as fuel as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene, the other types of cars could not compete."
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Hybrid Vehicles vs. Gas-Powered Vehicles, 2004.
Explains how hybrid vehicles work and their benefits.
908 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the technology used in hybrid vehicles and looks at their environmental, economic ,and technological advantages over traditional gas-powered vehicles.
From the Paper
"A vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can provide propulsion power is considered hybrid (Nice, 2003). Some of the vehicles that use this technology include submarines, locomotives, mopeds, and buses that use overhead electrical power lines. In modern cars, a hybrid refers to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) that combine the internal combustion engine of a traditional vehicle with a battery and an electric motor of the electric vehicle. This combination can result in twice the fuel economy of conventional vehicles and offers the lengthy range and convenient refueling that consumers assume from a conventional vehicle, as well as the important energy and environmental benefits that electric vehicles offer."
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Electric Vehicles, 2004.
An overview of the history of electric vehicles and their development.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the first electric vehicle was developed in the late 1800's and discusses how its technology evolved over the years. It discusses its features, as opposed to gasoline-based vehicles, and looks at the environmental benefits of the electric car.
From the Paper
"Given the small number of electric cars that are located on American roads today, it is surprising to note that some of the first automobiles used non-rechargeable electric cells. Although these alternative versions offered many advantages over their competitors that ran on gasoline and steam, for a number of reasons manufacturers began producing internal combustion engine automobiles in such large numbers that electrical vehicles became a thing of the past. In fact, electrical cars have only begun to make a comeback in recent years. Whether or not they once again gain a major acceptance level is yet to be seen."
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Gasoline Prices, 2004.
This paper assesses the effects of gasoline prices on the demand for sports utility vehicles SUVs in the United States.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper tests hypothesis that higher gasoline prices lead to lower demand for SUVs
From the Paper
"Gasoline prices in the United States increased in the summer of before declining in the fall of the year to levels that prevailed in the spring of ... . Gasoline prices began another increasing trend in January, which lasted through May of that year, before beginning to moderate once again. The average per gallon price reached in May was percent higher than the May average and the ..."
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Gasoline Prices and Inflation, 2006.
A review of the impact inflation has had on the price of gasoline, and visa versa.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the core concern and primary factor related to the price of gasoline is the understanding of inflation adjustment and in compensating for inflation in determining the true cost of gasoline. While the general population prefers to recall or at least read about the relatively low cost of gasoline in the 1960s when the average cost of fuel was .30 cents a gallon, in inflation adjusted terms this would be equivalent to roughly $1.70 today (Gasoline). The paper explains that the price of gasoline, and certainly of gasoline related spikes in the average cost of goods, is a major contributor to inflation and yet, factoring for the effects of inflation across the economy, tends to reduce the real cost of fuel.
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Demand Elasticity of Gasoline, 2005.
This paper uses the theory of demand elasticity to analyze the effect of the increasing price of gasoline.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with gas prices across the country reaching record levels, understanding the theory of demand elasticity of gasoline has assumed new importance for policymakers and consumers. The author stresses that gasoline has no close substitutes; gasoline, in much of the United States, is a necessity and has only a moderate affect on the budgets of the non-poor. The paper demonstrates that, even though there are an enormous number of players in the gasoline market and confounding variables, economists are still able to gauge with a fair degree of accuracy just how much driving the average American consumer will be willing to forego: The typical American consumer may be willing to give up something of minor consequence involving gasoline; but, in general, Americans love to drive and they are going to buy gasoline.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Economic Theory of Demand Elasticity
Empirical Data Relating to Demand Elasticity
Analysis of the Data
Figure: Individual and Market Demand Curves
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Demand elasticity relates to how much consumers are willing to pay for something based on their individual needs and wants on an aggregated basis; economists measure this degree of elasticity along a price elasticity of the demand curve. According to Robert E. Kuenne (1968), "The degree of downward reaction of the amount demanded to a price rise or upward reaction to a price fall is measured by the economist at any given point on the demand curve with a concept called the price elasticity of the demand curve" (127). Therefore, the degree by which quantity changes as price changes is the percentage change in quantity to the percentage change in price (% Change in Quantity / % Change in Price).
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Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 2005.
This paper recommends the use of hybrid automobiles, alternative fuel vehicles, in the case of Lotus Rent-a-Car in America.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that hybrid cars are any vehicle, which combines two or more sources of power such as a gasoline engine, fuel tank, electric motor, generator, batteries and a transmission. The author points out that Honda introduced hybrid cars, the Honda Insight, which was created to increase fuel economy and reduce emissions, to the public in the United States in 1999. The paper states that hybrid vehicles with high gas mileage and low emission, the alternative vehicles of the future, are now available on the market; there are several types of hybrids available from the standard economical cars Toyota Prius and the Honda Accord to the SUV, Toyota Highlander and Ford Escape and as an option in the luxury SUV, Lexus Rx 400.
From the Paper
"Since 1999, car companies have put alternative fuel cars and hybrid cars on the market in the United States. Some of these cars are fully electric; these cars need to be recharged at the end of the day. Some of the cars available are a combination of an electric and gas motor; these are known as hybrid cars. These motor vehicles are the most popular on the road now. The engine is started from a gas-powered engine. Once the car is moving the electric and gas power engine propels the vehicle forward, maximizing the consumer's gas mileage. There are also vehicles that use fuel cells, which are cells that change fuels into electrical energy. Many different fuels can be changed into electrical energy, fuels such as hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, and gasoline. These fuel cells never need to be recharged, only need to be refueled. Fuel cell cars are not in major production in America."
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Gasoline Shortages, 2006.
A discussion and analysis of Armen Alchian's article "What Should Be the Price of a Gallon of Gasoline?"
1,717 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, summarizes and analyzes Armen Alchian's article on what we should do during gasoline shortages. The paper explains that the premise of Alchian's article is that rationing and governmental control of gasoline are not successful solutions. Rather, the paper explains, Archian argues that rationing and governmental control are counter-productive and that free market economics are all that is needed to regulate the price of gasoline in the best way. The paper goes on to further delineate Alchian's position on what should be done during gasoline shortages and concludes that the arguments Alchian presents in his article are based on logic, theory and solid economic reasoning.
From the Paper
"Both regulatory effects of the free market economy upon the price of fuel would be undermined by the imposition of rationing and price controls. First, in a system of rationing where the selling of part of the ration is prohibited and where everyone receives a set, equal amount of fuel, "needs [of the various people in a society] remain unequal" (Alchian 1). There will be some people for whom the full amount of rationed fuel is more than they need, and there will be people whose supply is not nearly adequate to their needs. The system is, therefore, ineffectual for both types of people, those who do not need the full ration and those who need more than the full ration. The second supposition of Alchian's regarding the regulation of gasoline prices in a free economy would also be rendered ineffectual by rationing. Namely, the fact that there is compensation in the free market economy for those people willing to give up their share of fuel. If a strict system of rationing were imposed which did not allow for the transfer or sale of rations, then people without need of their full ration of fuel could not derive benefit from that fact. In a free market, however, they could sell fuel they did not need."
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Alternative-Fuel Vehicles (AFV), 2005.
This paper discusses alternative-fuel vehicles (AFV) and the advantages of adding them to the Lotus rental car fleet.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews four alternate fuel options -- hybrids, turbo direct injection diesel, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); the advantages of alternate fuel options include healthier environmental impacts, a release reduction of carbon monoxide and other unhealthy gases (lead and nitrogen oxides) in the atmosphere and more fuel efficient options. The author points out that, currently, of the major car rental companies such as Hertz, Avis and Budget, only Budget presently offers alternative-fuel car rentals. The paper concludes that the economic advantages for Lotus Car Rental to offer AFVs to their Fleet are invaluable because (1) the consumer market's opinion has changed due to the rapid development in AFV technology, (2) the increasing gas prices, (3) the environmental crisis, (4) the tax incentives offered by the I.R.S., (5) the great success of car manufacturers in developing, producing and distributing AFVs and (6) the competitive and marketing advantages of Lotus to be associated with the pioneers in this field. Table and charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The History of Rental Cars in the U.S.
Alternative Fuel Options
Hybrids
Turbo Direct Injection Diesel
Natural Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Car Rentals and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Advantages of Offering Alternative Fuel Vehicles as part of the Lotus Rental Fleet
The Future and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Summary
From the Paper
"Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV's) combine the conventional internal combustion engine with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. The HEV's have gained a lot of popularity in recent years, because it offers the driver the same range in mileage and rapid refueling options as the conventional vehicle. The practical benefits of HEV's include improved fuel economy and lower emissions compared to conventional vehicles. A disadvantage is the purchase price, which is about $3,000 higher than a comparable car with a internal combustion engine that uses petroleum."
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Hybrid Vehicles, 2003.
A discussion on hybrid vehicles.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a definition of hybrid vehicles and how they operate. The paper includes examples of such cars, namely, Honda Civic, Ford Escape and Toyota Prius. It continues to show evidence of reduced air pollution levels and decreased emissions from the production and running of hybrid vehicles. In conclusion, the author discusses why hybrid vehicles are becoming more popular.
From the Paper
"The conventional gasoline engine provides appropriate power meets emission and fuel economy standards and provides a smooth quiet reliable and relatively inexpensive form of transportation."
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Hybrid Vehicles Are the Only Way to Go, 2005.
Argues that, for ecological purposes, we should only be selling and using hybrid vehicles.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of hybrid vehicles. Specifically, it argues that, since it has been proven that the technology for hybrid vehicles works, we should only build and sell hybrid vehicles so that we can help reduce the damage done to the nation's air quality.
From the Paper
"Hybrid electric vehicles have been talked about for many years. It is only in the last decade that they have been made both affordable and applicable to the daily lives and commutes of millions of Americans. Dictionary.com defines the word "hybrid" as: "Something of mixed origin or composition." Indeed, these vehicles, produced primarily by Japanese manufacturers Toyota and Honda at the present, combine the best of two fuel sources ? gasoline and electric. This technology uses the best of each type of fuel, and can save drivers at least 50 percent at the fuel pumps (Editors). In addition to being less costly to drive, HEVs are much cleaner than conventional gas and diesel engines. They do not pollute as much, and this is a vital consideration for the air quality in America, and in the world. Our air quality is suffering dramatically, and automobile emissions are one of the leading causes in the depletion of our overall air quality."
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Gasoline Tax, 2007.
This paper discusses the implementation of a gasoline tax increase in the U.S. in order to help weaken Islamic extremist regimes.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues in favor of a gasoline tax increase in order to keep billions of dollars of U.S. oil money out of the pockets of tyrannical, Islamic extremist oil-exporting countries. The writer notes that that the world will soon be battling it out for the last reserves of cheap oil, not necessarily on the battlefield but more likely on the economic/political front. Further, the writer argues that the installation of a new gasoline tax would force US automakers to innovate toward renewable fuels and stop depending on cheap oil from less-than-friendly regimes and would provide the United States with the luxury to withdraw from the competition for cheap oil and thus begin the march toward true energy independence.
Outline:
Audience
The Gasoline Tax: A New Beginning for America
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Another compelling reason to increase the gasoline tax has much to do with weaning the US from its oil addiction as soon as possible, due to the growing worldwide demand for gasoline and oil products. As reported in a press release by ConocoPhillips, the consumption of oil is growing around the world, especially in rapidly-developing countries like China and India. One example of this trend is that global demand grew by 3.2 % in 2004, i.e. some 100 million gallons a day, and was expected to climb in 2005. Furthermore, the US demand has decreased as compared to the demand in developing nations, yet gasoline consumption reached a record high in August of 2005. Thus, the United States still consumes more gasoline than any other country in the world."
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uav) in Reconnaissance, 2008.
A review of the uses and applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in reconnaissance.
1,639 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper defines unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and explains what they are. The advantages of UAVs are clearly discussed and elucidated by the paper. The paper asserts that the research in the paper, demonstrates valid and significant uses for the unmanned aerial vehicle, including urban applications relating to security and safety. The paper concludes that full utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles in reconnaissance would save the lives of servicemen.
Outline:
Introduction
Casualty Factor
Tactical Reconnaissance in Urban Environments
Biological and Chemical Sensor Transport
The Goal and the Vision in Tactical Reconnaissance
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another use that shows promise for the UAV is in the carrying of sensory devices especially biological sensors. Since the battlefield is a situation that has a high likelihood chemical or biological exposure and UAV transport of these types of sensory detection devices ultimately are very likely to prove very efficient and effective in achieving health-related goals. (Shepherd, 2003) Reports are rife with soldiers exposure to uranium other chemical exposures in the Persian Gulf. Urban situations requiring sensors for safety are related as well. The "Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments for Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents" published by the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology states that the U.S. Army is: "...under a congressional mandate and the Chemical Weapons Convention of January 1993 to destroy its entire stockpile of chemical munitions. In addition to stockpiled munitions, nonstockpile chemical materiel (NSCM) has been identified for destruction. NSCM includes a host of lethal wastes from past disposal efforts, unserviceable munitions, chemically contaminated containers, chemical-production facilities, newly located chemical munitions, known sites containing substantial quantities of buried chemical weapons and wastes, and binary weapons and components. There are eight stockpile sites located in the continental United States and one on an island in the Pacific Ocean, and 82 NSCM locations have been identified. There are concerns, based on storage and past disposal practices, about soil and groundwater contamination at those sites. Six of the most commonly found chemical-warfare agents at stockpile and NSCM sites are the nerve agents GA, GB, GD, and VX and the vesicating (blistering) agents sulfur mustard and lewisite." (1999) The use of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the cleanup initiative for the military may be ensured more safely through use of UAV in monitoring these efforts of handling and transporting, destroying or other means applied in elimination of these materials. The use of the UAV in all tasks that could be handled remotely or autonomously promises to save lives but as well promises to reduce health care costs for the military and civilian populations and ultimately for the country at large. "
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, 2002.
A discussion of unmanned aerial vehicles or UAV's.
4,150 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 107.95
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Abstract
This seventeen-page undergraduate paper discusses unmanned aerial vehicles or UAV's. A UAV is officially defined as A powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or non lethal payload.
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