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Hybridity in "Midnight?s Children", 2006.
A comprehensive book review of Salman Rushdie's "Midnight Children".
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
In this comprehensive book review of Salman Rushdie's "Midnight Children" the author looks at mixture and fragmentation as major themes that persist throughout the novel. This, the author believes, leads to clues to the meaning of hybridity. The author looks at the classic example of hybridity as shown in mixing spices and, takes this theme further in reviewing Rushdie's book. He points out one of the areas where hybridity can be seen in the book, is through the character of Aadam Aziz. Aziz is a doctor who has spent five years in Germany studying medicine and returns to his homeland only to find that he is different, forever changed. The author elaborates on this and other instances in the book and, concludes that hybridization is a fact of colonization, there is no longer the pure one or the other.
From the Paper
"Even in the act of leaving and giving Indians their freedom, the British have exerted their influence. Methwold's metaphor shows the power of the colonizing force in defining the agenda for the newly freed nation. Yet this force is not completely oppressive. As Methwold asserts his supremacy through his constant retelling of his ancestors who helped to build Bombay, Sinai learns the discourse and uses it to empower himself. "Actually, old chap, ours is a pretty distinguished family, too," Sinai says to Methwold (122). The word "actually" indicates the slippage, the difference, and the correction of Methwold's original conception of Sinai. The mimic "old chap" softens the challenge as Ahmed Sinai identifies himself with the Englishman through this very English term of endearment. Through imitation, Sinai attempts to seize the power for himself. Though the lineage that Ahmed Sinai attributes to himself is purely fictional, it nevertheless shows the mimic effect of colonization."
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?Midnight?s Children?, 2002.
Analyzes Salman Rushdie's 1981 novel, "Midnight's Children".
1,801 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
Salman Rushdie's novel "Midnight's Children", which developed a fictional world that played off the political, social and cultural history of India, received many awards when it was published in 1981. The paper shows how Rushdie, in the 30 chapters of the book, creates in the character Saleem a story-teller who makes use of legends, symbols, fantasies to express the life of India.
From the Paper
"Saleem is one of the children born at the moment of India's liberation, so his life fits precisely with the history of modern India. His family situation also reflects the complexities of Indian history, especially the religious conflicts of the time. The family patriarch was Dr. Aziz, who earlier in the century came from Muslim Kashmir, a disputed territory between Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. Dr. Aziz moved to India, and his granddaughter married a well-to-do Muslim businessman named Ahmed Sinai. Saleem is born in Bombay, and his birth is given added importance by being preceded by a prophecy which everyone finds impossible to understand, but which comes true in every particular. One reason for this adds to the complexities of Saleem's family life, for Saleem is not the child everyone believes but is instead an infant switched in the maternity home so that he is actually not from the rich Muslim family but is instead the child of a Hindu street entertainer--here, again, he is a mixture of religious backgrounds as well as socioeconomic contrasts."
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Salman Rushdie's "Midnight's Children", 2002.
This paper explores to what extent Salman Rushdie's "Midnight's Children" can be defined as a magic realist novel.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the novel "Midnight's Children" by author Salman Rushdie is an example of magical realism rather than the fantasy genre. The author uses examples through the use of politics, the post- colonial state of India, and the role of the character Saleem Sinai to prove this statement.
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"Midnight's Children" by Salman Rushdie, 2000.
An analysis of the novel's depiction of India at a time of independence.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 33.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the novel's depiction of India at a time of independence, in cultural, historical and literary (story-telling) contexts.
From the Paper
"Salman Rushdie's novel Midnight's Children received awards when it was published in 1981 and developed a fictional world that played off the political, social, and cultural history of India. The novel is structured around a religious procession through the subcontinent of India. The novel celebrates a key moment in Indian history, the moment of independence and the 1,001 children who were born just after midnight on the day of independence, August 15, 1947. These are the "midnight's children" of the title, and they are the hope of the new nation, the young people who will control the future and decide the destiny of the millions of people living in India. Rushdie's style mixes illusion and reality, myth and legend with everyday life, Indian history with a fictional tale, and does so through the eyes of the narrator, Saleem, who Scheherezade-like tells his..."
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"One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and " Midnight's Children" by Salman Rushdie, 1994.
A comparison of the magical realist novels of life in Latin America and India. Includes structure, narration, characters, cultures and politics.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, £ 50.95
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From the Paper
" Magic realism is a literary genre originally developed in Latin America, and still associated particularly with Latin American literature. The genre has, however, spread beyond its region of origin; one of its leading contemporary practitioners, Salman Rushdie, has his roots half a world away from Latin America. Rushdie, however, has one important characteristic in common with Latin American writers such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez; he is a product of the modern Third World.
Magic realism, indeed, is a genre distinctly associated with the Third World. It has not, so far, taken root to any substantial degree among writers in the United States or other Western countries. The reason, we may suggest, is that magic realism is at least in part a fictional response to the political conditions of disruption and alienation that prevail in the Third..."
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"One Hundred Years of Solitude" ( Gabriel Garcia Marquez ) & "Midnight's Children" ( Salman Rushdie ), 1999.
Compares novels' pessimistic portrayals of protagonists & their poor & oppressed communities.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 33.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude and Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children, focusing on how the main characters' communities evolve, and how the impact of the outside world influences them. Neither author is optimistic with respect to the happiness, peace or prosperity of the communities they portray or the people in those communities. Rushdie's Saleem Sinai was born in Bombay but his community is in fact all of India. The community of Saleem in this national context is portrayed by Rushdie as having been a disastrous failure in its efforts to find freedom and justice in independence. As a part of a poverty-stricken country led by politicians portrayed by Rushdie as thoroughly corrupt, if not insane, Bombay or any other community is condemned to the same miserable fate as the nation as a whole. Similarly, Macondo in.."
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"There Are No Children Here" by Alex Kotlowitz, 2004.
This paper discusses Alex Kotlowitz's book,"There Are No Children Here," which is about childhood in the Henry Horner projects of Chicago where children are not free to be children.
1,655 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, at the Henry Horner homes, children are not looking to come over and play with the latest Matchbox cars because many of the children are already being lured by gangs and getting used by older kids in drug activities; friends are people you could trust, but at Henry Horner, Lafeyette, the child character in the book, didn't feel that he could trust anyone besides his family. The author points out that, to the kids of Henry Horner, the police become a threat because, even if they aren't doing something bad, they are constantly surrounded by bad things; therefore, if they are in the wrong place at the wrong time, they are immediately accused of doing something. The paper relates that children at Henry Horner are desensitized to experiences such as violence, gang drug exchanges, and death; the children and the residents there have to put their emotions away and become stone on the inside.
From the Paper
"In an area where the summertime is feared and school is a safe-haven, where it is dangerous to make friends as they might try to lure you into a gang, where drug lords run your neighborhood enforcing rules like a dictatorship with the manpower to back it up, you are stripped of your freedom. Sitting in public with a little kid can be embarrassing sometimes. "Mommy, that woman is fat!" or "Daddy, why is that man crying?" are questions that children will ask loud and clear without hesitation. They don't realize that other people can hear them or that other people have feelings that might be hurt. They are egocentric. However, for a child living in the Henry Horner homes where LaJoe and her children live, a comment like this can become life threatening."
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Parents and Children, 2002.
This paper discusses the obligations of parents to children and children to parents in "The Metamorphosis", "Upstairs in a Wineshop", and "Endgame".
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between parents and children in "The Metamorphosis" by Franz Kafka, "Upstairs in a Wineshop" by Lu Xun and "Endgame" by Samuel Beckett. All three works support the contention that parents must satisfy the needs of their children, and children must satisfy the needs of their parents. The author shows how all three works illustrate this thesis in different ways.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. The Metamorphosis
III. Upstairs in a Wineshop
IV. Endgame
V. Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In The Metamorphosis, Kafka tells the story of Gregor, a man who wakes up one day to find that he has turned into a bug. Gregor has been working hard at a job that he clearly hates to support his parents and sisters. His parents owe Gregor?s boss money because of a failed business, and he is determined to keep working until the money is paid back. At the same time, he keeps his family in a large apartment with a maid. Gregor tries to make enough money so that his parents do not have to work. After his transformation, his primary concern is for his family?s well-being. How will they survive without him? Clearly Gregory feels a strong obligation to look after his parents. His parents feel the same way towards him, especially his mother. She is horrified at the sight of him, but forces herself to visit him. Gregor, for his part is upset because the sight of him causes her pain. Gregor?s mother also tries to keep Gregor?s things in his room so that he will feel more at home. It can be argued that Gregor?s father is hostile towards him, but consider the fact that he does not throw Gregor out."
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Television violence and its impact on children, 2002.
An exploration of the impact that television violece has on the development of children and how children react to the violence.
3,034 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the topic of television violence and the impact it has on children. In recent years there have been increasing allegations that television violence is having a negative impact on child development. The writer begins with an overview of the problem, looking at specific examples of television in America. Next, the paper defines some key terms for understanding the topic as well as providing a background about why this topic is important to society. The writer concludes by arguing that children are not developmentally advanced enough to separate fantasy from reality and that the increased violence they are seeing on television is creating more violent and aggressive children.
From the Paper
"In recent years there have been increasing allegations that television violence has a negative impact on child development . There have been school shootings, children acting out both at home and in classrooms and other developmental traits that have been laid and the feet of television violence".
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Children's Poetry, 2002.
An overview of poetic genres in children's poetry and how children relate/react to poetry.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how poetry is a useful form of literature for children, intellectually and emotionally. It discusses the creative use of language, which is specialized to stimulate the imagination and arouse feelings of readers, especially children.
From the Paper
"Narrative poetry evokes emotions that represent the mood or feeling of the work, rather than that of the poet. This type of poetry was often used orally to relate new or events to others and in written form it is read like a story. Although some narrative poems (such as epics and romances) are too sophisticated for young readers, ballads are an appropriate form for this age level. Originally designed for an illiterate people, ballads are easily remembered and adaptable for singing or recitation. Although some ballads are ancient and difficult for children to relate to, ?old ballads do serve to transport children to a more primitive past, to wilderness, to feudalism, to a time quite different from their own, yet not without flavorsome, musical, language.? The appeal of these ballads is often in the use of language, which evokes a mood or emotions."
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Social Children, 2002.
An examination of the social development of children and their interaction with other children.
1,851 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a brief survey of social child development over the years. It looks at how at each age a child needs to develop essential social skills in order to interact with fellow children. It looks at potential problems in social child development and the importance of age-appropriate stimulation for children.
From the Paper
"Social skills develop gradually over time from the simple parallel play of two year olds to the playground games of elementary students, to social stratifications of high school. At all ages, however, the child must interpret the social milieu accurately and choose age-appropriate responses (Walker, 2002), and appropriate responses at one age will be inappropriate at another age."
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Brazil's Street Children, 1991.
This paper discusses the economic, moral, political and social forces that are creating homeless poor children, the street children of Brazil.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, £ 56.95
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From the Paper
'This paper will be concerned with the street children of Brazil and the social, economic and moral problems they pose in terms of development. Like the other nations of Latin America, Brazil has been seriously concerned with the problems of social and economic development. Brazil has great potential for economic growth, as seen in its mineral resources and its numerous coffee and sugarcane plantations. However, development does not necessarily imply economic growth. Development may be defined as "the maximum use of a nation's potential for the greatest benefit of the largest number of its inhabitants". In the case of Brazil, the great wealth of the nation has been exploited by only a minority of the population. By contrast, large segments of Brazilian society live in dire poverty. Over the past few decades, many rural citizens have moved to the large cities of ... "
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Children's Voices in Literature, 2008.
A look at three children's books: E. Milne's "Winnie-the-Pooh" and "The House at Pooh Corner", and C.S. Lewis' "The Magician's Nephew" and how they reflect children of that period.
2,656 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at children's literature in Great Britain in the first half of the 20th century and considers whether children's books of that time gave access to the voices of children of that time. The books consulted are E.E. Milne's "Winnie-the-Pooh" and "The House at Pooh Corner", and C.S. Lewis's "The Magician's Nephew". In conclusion, the author of this paper states that even in books written about children and for children, children seem to be all but mute due partly to the various agendas of their authors.
From the Paper
"The first half of the 20th century was a dynamic and volatile time historically for Great Britain, given that during this time Great Britain played a primary role in two world wars, and also that - at the time - it was the most dominant nation in the world, with a huge colonial empire that spanned the globe. By the end of this period, Great Britain had begun to be eclipsed by the USA, as the USA leveraged its scientific and military might to gain global ascendancy. Also during this period began the huge changes associated with decolonization, as nation after nation claimed independence. This of course had a massive impact on Great Britain, as her colonial possessions were part of what made the British nation rich, powerful and strong. All in all, it was a time in which British power and control was slipping away. Yet at the same time, many Brits still retained a self-image of themselves as rulers of the world, and assumed that British standards of morality, decency and behaviors were universally valid (Cannon). This self-image, as we shall see, comes through more clearly in children's books than do the authentic voices of children."
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Advertising to Children, 2005.
This paper discusses the reaction of three interviewed children to television advertising of products of interest to children.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that children react to advertisements similarly to the way adults react (1) by absorbing subconsciously sensory data, such as slogans or jingles, and (2) by associating certain emotional responses with certain products; however, children, especially young children, do not possess cognitive skills sufficient to understand fully the impact of advertising on their impulses. The author points out that three children frequently peppered their interviews about products, which the children had seen advertised recently on television with "I want..[a specific brand]..", demonstrating that television commercials stimulate the consumer instinct and create brand awareness. The paper relates that advertising draws children's attention away from those products that are not advertised on television.
From the Paper
"Advertising does create awareness of products that the kids might not have otherwise known about. The nine-year old, for example, said, "Oh, oh, I want the Barbie radio!" When I asked her if any of her friends had the product she said no, that she just saw it on television. Wanting was expressed linguistically and straightforwardly by all three children: all three used simple language to convey that they coveted or craved items they had seen on television. Even negative responses to television commercials were expressed through language of "wanting." A few of the three children used the word "need" in conjunction with what they had seen on television, except for the nine-year old who said that she "needed" some accessory toys for her doll, but not because she had seen them in a commercial. The twelve-year old, when talking about the Play Station commercials she had seen said that she "needed" to get a new game console because hers was old."
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