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Hungary, Cyprus and the EU, 2005.
A comparison of the experiences of Hungary and Cyprus joining the European Union.
2,102 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although both Hungary and Cyprus are international crossroads nations, their experiences as members of the EU are likely to be very different. The writer states that it is already clear that old economic and political habits die hard in Hungary and that nation is likely to toddle along, perhaps helped economically by EU membership, but perhaps not very much. On the other hand, the writer points out that it is clear that Cyprus has been able to use its position, despite its continuing unsettled Turkish-Greek political situation, to take full advantage of membership and become a financial powerhouse in the region.
Outline:
Introduction
A Tale of Two Nations
Hungary
Cyprus
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In fact, Cyprus, a year after EU accession, has seen exactly the economic benefits it sought and expected. Cyprus Minister of Finance Iacovos Keravnos particularly cited the economic benefits of the Cyprus pound joining the EU Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II). This would add to the benefits already experienced including the "stability of the Cyprus pound's exchange rate, the convergence of Cypriot interest rates with those of the Eurozone, the restraint of production costs, improved competitiveness, and the attraction of foreign investment" (Xinhua News Agency 2005)."
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The Collapse of Communism in Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 2002.
This paper compares the process of the collapse of Communism in the three states of Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the process of the collapse of Communism in the three states of Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Poland and Hungary were most successful, but for entirely different reasons.
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The Holocaust in Hungary, 2007.
An examination of Hungary's part in the Holocaust of WWII.
3,035 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the Holocaust in Hungary was made possible by the active collaboration of the Hungarian government and the acquiescence of a large number of Hungarian people. The paper explores the topic of how and why the tragedy took place in a country in which the Jewish people had been supposedly "emancipated" less than half a century ago, a subject that has perplexed and fascinated many historians. The paper discusses the background of the Holocaust in Hungary by tracing the history of Jews; the events leading to their prosecution and ultimate extermination; and how the actual killings took place.
Outline:
Background
The Pre-Holocaust Killings
The Hungarian Holocaust Begins
The Reasons
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Most of the Jews who migrated to Europe were farmers and merchants who preserved their ethnic identity by keeping to themselves. The early Christian church condemned the Jews as Christ-killers which further isolated them and sowed the seeds of virulent anti-Semitism. Christianity forbade usury, i.e., the lending of money on interest; hence the Jewish merchants in Europe filled the gap by becoming "money lenders." It was a profitable role but it also invited envy and hatred. During periods of stress such as the Crusades or the Plague, the hatred turned into large-scale violent attacks on the Jews ."
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The Suez Canal Crisis and the Soviet Invasion of Hungary, 2001.
An analysis of the Suez Canal crisis and the Soviet invasion of Hungary.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the U.S. encouraged the Soviet Union to invade Hungary and keep its troops there in order to keep the Soviets out of the Middle East during the Suez Canal crisis.
From the Paper
"The Suez Crisis developed from an American plan to win the support of Saudi Arabia and at the same time expose Egypt?s leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser as a Soviet pawn. The Saudis were anti-communist, but also historically anti-British, and to counter Soviet inroads in the Middle East, the US had to assure the their support. In October 1954, Secretary of State Dulles offered to sell arms to Egypt only if Nasser agreed to not buy weapons from the USSR and he publicly denounced the Soviets. Nasser spoke out against the communists, but continued to buy Soviet arms as the US had expected he would."
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Transformation in Hungary, 2002.
Discusses economic and political changes in Hungary since the fall of Communism.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 26 sources, £ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the process of economic and political transformation in Hungary that has occurred since the devolution of the Soviet Union and the collapse of Communism. It assesses transition in terms of governmental change, economic change and social change.
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From Communism to Capitalism in Hungary., 2002.
A look at the decentralization in the Hungarian system under Communism in the transition from communism to capitalism in Hungary.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 100.95
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Abstract
This essay will argue that a strong element of decentralization in the Hungarian system under Communism was an important factor in easing the country's transition from Communism to Capitalism.
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Austria-Hungary and WWI, 1995.
This paper examines Austria-Hungary's degree of responsibility for the outbreak of World War I: Serbian problem, leadership, alliances and diplomacy.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, £ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper examines Austria-Hungary's degree of responsibility for the outbreak of World War I. Its thesis is that actions taken by Austria-Hungary to deal with Serbian nationalism in the decade preceding, and in the five weeks following, the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 set in motion a series of events which led to World War I. However, a number of other nations, Serbia, Germany and Russia, and, to a lesser extent, France and Great Britain, played important roles in causing that war. The origins of the war lay in the mistaken judgements of many key European statesmen and in the breakdown of the balance of power system in Europe during the decades immediately preceding 1914."
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Wines of Hungary, 2006.
An overview of the Hungarian wine regions and industry.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The Arabian writer, Ibn-Rostech, mentions Hungarian vine growing in his 10th century chronicle. This paper examines the regions in Hungary where wine is successfully grown and manufactured. It discusses the different wines which grow in specific regions.
From the Paper
"The Valley of Mor runs between the Vertes and the Bakony mountains, and is the home of the Ezerjo, where the climate is cooler than average, mild winters, and long summer days (Hungarian1 pp). Vine varieties include Ezerjo, Rizlingszilvani, Leanyka, and Chardonnay (Hungarian1 pp). The climate in the Mecsekalja region, where vines have been grown for some 2,000 years, is sub-Mediterranean, sheltered from the north wind, hot summers with lots of sunshine, and mild winters, producing varieties that are full-bodied and high in sugar, and include Cirfandli, Italian Riesling, Chardonnay, and Furmint (Hungarian1 pp)."
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King Stephen of Hungary, 1997.
Life & career of leader crowned in 1000 A.D. Looking at religion, politics, rise to power, national unification, canonization and succession issues.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, £ 67.95
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From the Paper
"This paper is a biography of Stephen, crowned as the first king of Hungary on Christmas Day, 1000 AD. His coronation consolidated a collection of battling tribes into a recognized kingdom, aligned with the Roman pope. His monarchy lasted more than 900 years. Stephen, known as Istvan to his countrymen, established a series of reforms that set the pattern for Hungary's government. He also aggressively turned the nation into a Catholic country, wiping out the vestiges of paganism into which he himself was born. After his death, he was canonized as a Catholic saint, cementing recognition of his lasting influence in establishing Hungary as an important European power.
During the period at the end of the 10th century, Christianity had begun to take root throughout Europe. Though paganism was still strong, "the world around the Hungarians.."
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Fascism and Ultranationalism In Croatia, Hungary and Serbia, 1994.
A look at the definitions, history and development, the rise and fall of communism, economics, leadership, patriotism, racism and the role of the state.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 34 sources, £ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Fascism and Ultranationalism in Contemporary Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia
Introduction
This research examines the development of fascism and ultranationalism in contemporary Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia. Fascism and ultranationalism are not one and the same thing. While a fascist likely will be an ultranationalist (and will certainly be nationalistic), an ultranationalist need not necessarily be a fascist. As these two terms are critical to this examination, they must be defined.
Ultranationalism
Ultranationalism implies not only an intensely patriotic attitude toward and a highly chauvinistic perception of one's own nation, but also implies a desire to exclude others from..."
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Coca-Cola In Hungary, 1995.
Discusses its prospects for success, economic environment, global strategy and marketing.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 27.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Some consumer products have become nearly universally recognized through the aggressive marketing efforts of their companies. Chief among these is Coca-Cola, which is sold in nearly 200 countries throughout the world.. Coca-Cola has successfully entered new markets nearly as soon as they become available, with the result that it has gained the largest market share of any beverage in the world. The company is not content to rest on its past success, however, and PepsiCo, its nearest competitor, actively and aggressively markets its soft drinks, as well. Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union represents a significant marketing opportunity for soft drink companies since the introduction and expansion of capitalism in these areas can be expected to bring additional prosperity to consumers, which should help the demand for ..."
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Turkey's Bid for EU Membership, 2002.
Examined whether Ankara can change its domestic and foreign policy sufficiently to satisfy the European Union.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization - Turkey must pursue political and economic reforms; address human rights issues; improve its relationship with Greece; support UN mediation efforts in Cyprus and finally Turkey must not object to Cyprus? EU membership.
From the Paper
"Turkey spans two continents. It wants to play a role in the affairs of both. Turkey is active in affairs of the Middle East, the Turkish-speaking former Soviet Republics such as Turkministan, and in European political, security, and economic organizations. Turkey is a member of every European organization except the European Union. It plays an active role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which protected western Europe against Soviet aggression. Turkey has wanted to join the European Union for a long time. The EU has rebuffed it for many reasons including Turkey;s political structure, human rights abuses, and having a weak economy. But Turkey feels like the real reason that they have not been accepted is that they are a Muslim nation. This paper will examine the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization."
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Cyprus, 2005.
This paper analyzes the invasion of Turkey into Cyprus from the perspective of its impact on the lives of the two ethnic groups residing in Cyprus.
2,940 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Turkey invaded Cyprus in 1974 and had been successful in occupying approximately 40% of the territory. The author points out that today the ethnic division of Cyprus is (1) approximately 75% Greek Cypriots and (2) Turkish Cypriots, who are Sunni Muslims. This paper relates that both communities express their love for Cyprus but are unwillingness to aspire to a united Cyprus.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Lives of the People before the Invasion
The Ethnic background
Religion
Language
Culture
Allegiance
Traditions
Literature
Unity
Equality
Patriotism
The Lives of the People after the Invasion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The invasion also allowed the Turks to establish their authority on the Greeks. They disallowed the Greek refugees from entering the lands that they had occupied. This is because the Greeks had threatened to wage war against not only the Turkish Cypriots, but also Turkey. Furthermore, both communities of Cyprus started looking up to the Americans for political rewards and punishments. Halil Ibrahim Salih (1978) writes, "The Turks thus hope that the strain of caring for 180,000 refugees will weaken Greek resolve and that Greece will be forced to accept establishment of a bizonal federation on Cyprus ... .""
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Asylum Policy in the EU, 2008.
This paper discusses the notion of safe third countries in the European Union.
4,464 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that France will take the presidency of the European Union (EU) from July to December 2008. Priorities during this period include a "common pact on immigration and asylum" , which aims towards a greater harmonisation in these fields, but which does not mention enforcing a better respect of human rights. The writer points out that this issue triggers questions about the role of the EU as a global player in the field of human rights. Indeed, asylum - which refers to the protection granted by a foreign country to a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in its own country - is per se linked to human rights. However, current EU policies tend to criminalize migrants trying to enter and settle in "Fortress Europe", disregarding their reasons for migrating. The writer discusses that a new trend has recently been development in the management of asylum procedures: third countries have been listed as "safe", which implicitly means that they should not produce refugees and therefore that nationals of such countries who would yet claim asylum might not been "genuine" refugees. One can then wonder why the EU implements such a principle and what are the consequences on the new asylum procedures, as far as human rights are concerned. In this essay, the writer focuses on the implementation of the principle of "safe third countries" in the EU and the criticisms it raises.
Outline:
INTRODUCTION
I. CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON COMMON ASYLUM POLICIES AT EU LEVEL
1. International Legislation
2. EU Legislation
Before the Amsterdam Treaty (1999)
The Amsterdam Treaty
The Tampere Treaty and its Aftermath
The Hague Program (2004)
B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE NOTION OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES
1. Justification of the Principle of "safe third country"
2. European Vision of Safe Third Countries
Uses of Safe Third Country Principle in Europe
II. CRITIC OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE
A. LEGALITY OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRY LISTS
1. Human Rights Issues in "safe" Third Countries
2. A Breach in the Geneva Convention?
B. NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND COUNTER-ACTIONS TAKEN BY NGOS TO FIGHT AGAINST THIS PRINCIPLE
1. Consequences of the Implementation of Safe Third Countries Principle
In the "Old Europe": Decreasing Rates of Asylum Claims in France
A New Burden for Bordering Countries of the EU and EU's Neighbours
2. Counter-strike of NGOS: Case Forum Refugies vs. OFPRA
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
From the Paper
"To deal with asylum, it is necessary to remind some basic points of the Convention. Firstly, according to the 1951 Geneva Convention, to be granted refugee status, an asylum seek must lodge his/her claim in the State s/he wants to be recognize by, that is to say, s/he must have physical access to the territory of this State to start a procedure in which the validity of his/her claims can be assessed. Secondly, it is up to each State party to the convention to interpret the convention at its own discrepancy. Some States can be criticized for rejecting many asylum claims but that does not prove in itself a violation of the Convention, but rather a very strict interpretation. Thirdly, we need to remind ourselves that returning to their country of origin rejected asylum seekers and generally all irregular migrants not in need of protection is a difficult challenge. The procedures of detention, deportation and readmission have not been addressed by the 1951 Convention. Such measures depend on national or EU rules, but still should comply with international human rights standards. Both the overstaying and the removal of rejected asylum seekers create problems in terms of credibility and integrity of asylum systems. This is part of a wider debate on the balance of international cooperation and solidarity and control of migration fluxes."
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