| Papers [1-5] of 5 | Search results on "HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS": |
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Human Papillomavirus, 2004.
An analysis of one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
1,855 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the disease, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a virus that causes warts. The paper explains that HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The paper describes HPV as a small oncogenic DNA virus, which infects epithelial cells of skin and mucous membranes. The paper outlines the way the disease is transmitted and the symptoms of HPV. Diagnostic procedures are examined, as well as treatment and prevention methods.
Outline
Introduction
Morphology
How Does HPV Reproduce?
How is it Transmitted?
Symptoms of HPV
How is HPV Diagnosed?
How is HPV Infections Detected?
How is HPV Treated?
How can HPV be Prevented?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"All cells in the abnormal tissues (such as warts) caused by HPV contain the DNA of HPV. DNA is a chain of many connected genes. Genes are tiny structures that contain coded instructions for how proteins should be constructed and how certain bodily characteristics should develop. Genes are contained in structures called chromosomes. The genes of most viruses will not become activated until an infected type of cell (known as a keratinocyte) leaves the bottom section of the epidermis. The epidermis is the top layer of the skin that does not contain blood vessels. The reproduction of keratinocytes in the bottom section of the epidermis is what is thought to lead to the development of abnormal tissue areas. Production of HPV occurs in the epithelium, where the cells are discarded off into the environment. More specifically, when the discarded cells degenerate, the virus is released. Epithelium is a group of cells that occur in one or more layers, which cover the entire surface of the body and line most of the hollow structures in it."
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The Human Papilloma Virus, 2008.
An exploration of the etiology of human papilloma virus (HPV) and whom it affects in the general population.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes three articles on the topic of the human papilloma virus (HPV): "Quadrivalent HPV Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil) for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer" by Angie L. Goeser, "The Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine on Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2, Grade 3, and Adenocarcinoma in Situ: A Combined Analysis of four Randomized Clinical Trials" by S. Kjaer M. Lehtinen G. Perez and L. Villa and "Efficacy of a Quadrivalent Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine Against High-Grade Vulval and Vaginal Lesions: A Combined Analysis of Three Randomised Clinical Trials" by Mauricio Hernandez-Avila and Elmar A. Joura, Sepp Leodolter and Cosette M. Wheeler. The paper
discusses the articles' tremendous implications for health care and community health education. The paper then explains that cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and resulting cancer death in women worldwide. The paper explains further that since the yearly Pap smear given to women cannot detect certain types of cancerous cells or lesions, the need for this type of vaccine to prevent HPV-related diseases is sorely needed.
Outline:
Three Literature Reviews:
Article One
Article Two
Article Three
Implications for Health Care and Community Health Education Based on the Studies' Conclusions
From the Paper
"Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been "identified at a higher rate in the tissue of women diagnosed with cervical cancer than among nonaffected controls (citing Salmeron et al, 2003; Balmes, Ritz, & Tager, 2005, p. 245). The disease can cause pathologies including, but not limited to, pain during intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, genital warts, and penile, anal, cervical, and vulvar carcinoma (Immerman & Mackey, 1997, p. 443; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). The disease is believed to be sexually transmitted and is the "second most common cause of cancer and cancer death in women worldwide, with 80% of cases occurring in the developing world...95% of cancers of the uterine cervix are caused by certain types of human papillomaviruses" (citing Franco 1994; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). Although Papanicolaou (Pap) tests have led to the decrease in mortality rates caused by cervical cancer, approximately 230,000 women per year die from the disease worldwide (Kjaer, Lehtinen, Perez, & Villa, et al, 2007, p. 1861)"
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Preventive Health Care in Prison, 2008.
This extensive research paper argues that prison officials must not show a deliberate indifference towards the medical needs of female prisoners.
6,095 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 45 sources, MLA, £ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution and how it has evolved inside the judicial system into the right to preventive healthcare within the prison setting. The author studies diseases such as viral hepatitis and how the justice system has dealt with this disease. This paper discusses human papillomavirus (HPV) and how it can be compared to viral hepatitis types B and C. The author concludes that the standard of deliberate indifference to health care needs in women's prisons requires the United State's justice system to immunize women prisoners to prevent the spread of HPV and cervical cancer. The paper argues that it is now the obligation of the Federal Bureau of Prisons to add to the "Clinical Practice Guidelines" a requirement for mandatory testing for HPV and for immunization with Gardasil for those who are at high risk of HPV.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution
Preventive Healthcare in the General Population
Preventive Healthcare for Federal and State Correctional Populations
Congress' Response to the Threat of Infectious Disease in Prison and its Economic Impact
Guidelines for Federal Correctional Facilities but Just Proposed for States to Adopt
Correctional Facilities Continue to Lack Adequate Preventive Care, Leading to Lawsuits
The Importance of Preventive Healthcare for Infectious Disease Using a Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis
Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Prison
Public Health Responses to Human Papillomavirus Infection
Applying Viral Hepatitis Approaches to HPV
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In "Ruiz v. Johnson", a group of inmates had sued the Director of the Texas Department of Corrections. The plaintiffs alleged that conditions in the correctional facilities violated Eight Amendment protections. Conditions were so extreme that the United States joined in as a plaintiff, against the defendant's resistance. The case includes commentary from Dr. Robertson, an expert in the trial. He stated that he saw two cases of "potentially preventable" cancers where the patients received delay in diagnosis and treatment, causing a negative prognosis. The defendants argued that the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) accredited them and therefore their practices were constitutional."
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer, 2002.
An analysis of the utilization of an inoculated C57BL/6 mouse model in studies of Human Papillomavirus and cervical cancer.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a close look at cervical cancer including its causes and symptoms. It also examines the role of Human Papillomavirus in inducing cervical cancer. It then proceeds to study the use of inoculated C57BL/6 murine model to study disease in woman. The treatment is analyzed for its accuracy and efficiency.
From the Paper
"In order to fully understand the genetic link between HPV and high risk for cervical cancer, one must closely examine the mechanism by which HPV induces cervical cancer. HPV is in a class of viruses known as adenoviruses, that is, viruses that invade a host and make some permanent change to the DNA of the infected host cells. In the cases of HPV-16 and HPV-18, the virus produces the oncoproteins E6 and E7, which interact specifically with human cellular components p53 and retinoblastma, respectively. The role of p53 in human cells is to guard DNA repair processes and ensure chromosomal stability, and the degradation of p53 leads directly to mutational changes and ultimately to the immortalization of human cells. The gene controlling transcription of p53 in humans is polymorphic at amino acid 72, containing either a proline or arginine residue at this position (4). The HPV E6 protein degrades p53, thereby inducing cervical cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that the arginine form of p53 is more easily degraded than the proline form, because E6 can bind more effectively to the arginine form of p53 (6). Consequently, individuals with the arginine variation at amino acid 72 would be much more likely to develop cervical cancer. Because the specific polymorphic combination is conserved between generations, the greater affinity of E6 for p53 would explain the genetic risk factor involved in the progression from HPV infection to full-blown invasive cervical cancer."
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Pap Smears, 2005.
A teaching project on pap smears, why they are important and how to prepare for them.
1,603 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an outline for a teaching project in which the author will be teaching low-income women, many of whom are smokers and some who have been diagnosed with the human Papillomavirus, the importance of getting annual pap smear exams and how they are to prepare for these exams.
From the Paper
"The topic of this teaching project is to explain what a Pap smear is, the importance of the test, and how to prepare for it. I chose this topic because, it has been found that women who elect to have annual pap smears have avoided cervical cancer, which can be life threatening. It is important for nurses to teach about pap smears because many people fail to realize the value of preventive measures in maintaining good health. Nurses should teach their patients about this type of healthcare issue because if patients do not prepare, for the test, their results could be incorrect and frequently these lessons make a difference in a patient's quality of life. Patients see nurses more often than they see other healthcare professionals. Therefore, they depend on their nurses to educate them."
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