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Ancient Cultures and Human Life, 2008.
This paper looks at ancient cultures and discusses the purpose of human life.
1,188 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer notes that in ancient cultures human life was the center of interest for everything. The writer maintains that the entire construction of civilization was based on the human as the main preoccupation and the most important element in the world. The writer points out that modern concerns about the environment, animals and other conflicts that place humans on an equal position with the rest of the planet were weak or nonexistent many centuries back, when the sole interest that captured the attention of common people was to understand how their own society worked. The writer discusses that in every culture, from the very beginning of the civilized world, humans have tried to achieve control over their lives, to understand how it functions and to dominate it. The writer concludes that the concept of human life has changed dramatically during the past centuries and society has started to develop based on practical progress, material achievements and palpable ideas that appear from the same curiosity that inspired the ancient societies to develop.
From the Paper
"The human was the main subject for all the forms of expression in ancient societies, from art forms like poetry and theatre, to practical activities like politics. Their humanist vision left messages about their way of living and thinking, their spirit and preoccupations, ideas and feelings. The human life itself is the very subject they reflect in all of their artistic and intellectual expression.
"Roman and Greek society had almost the same vision about human life and manifested their ideas almost in parallel ways, due to the great influence that the Greek society had over the Roman world. They valued their leisure and commodities in a way that modern civilization would never understand. For them time was relaxed and positive feelings cultivated. In the ancient conception human life was created to enjoy and grow spiritually, not to constrain and suffer as it was conceived in later centuries. They worshipped leisure and inner peace in the same way that modern society worships hard work and effort."
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When does Human Life Begin?, 2006.
Examination of when human life begins.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the question of when human life begins. The author argues that life does not begin at conception, but rather during the third trimester of pregnancy. Current research is used to reinforce these beliefs. The author further contends that since fetuses cannot feel, react, nor function outside of the womb, they are not autonomous humans, capable of body function, some form of thought, and communication. It is these functions, it is argued, which truly define a human life.
From the Paper
"According to Mary Ann Warren, there are two senses of being human. First, there is a genetic human, or one that holds the genetic makeup of a human. Secondly, there is a human that is a person, and thus has rights by morality. Warren believes that being a genetic human is not equal to being a person, and that those with only a sense of genetic humanity cannot be said to have "life". To be a person, Warren argues, a genetic person must be conscious of objects, events, or internal conditions, particularly in terms of pain sensation, must be able to develop reason, must be able to achieve self-motivated behaviors, independent of genetic or external control, must be able to communicate in some way, and must be self-aware (Warren, 223). Warren's point, then, is that life begins at the point where the genetic human becomes a person that is capable of feelings, thinking, reasoning, and communicating. Thus, life begins far after conception."
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Women's Health and Human Life Protection, 2006.
Presents a memorandum on HB 1215 - Women's Health and Human Life Protection Act - and includes a voting recommendation.
809 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that HB 1215, or the Women's Health and Human Life Protection Act, bans all abortions in the state of South Dakota, except if necessary to save the mother's life. The writer notes that sponsors and supporters of this bill believe that abortion is wrong because unborn children are the most vulnerable members of society. The writer then points out that such supporters designed this bill to challenge the Supreme Court's ruling in "Roe v. Wade", which defines the current U.S. law on abortion. The writer then points out that many Americans believe it is immoral for the government to interfere with their fellow citizens' private reproductive decisions, and that passing HB 1215 might result in extensive political conflicts. The writer therefore proposes to vote against HB 1215.
Outline:
Introduction
Key Points
Argument for Voting against HB 1215
Recommendation
From the Paper
"In fact, existing law mandates a 24-hour waiting period and counseling prior to the procedure. Girls under the age of 16 must also notify a parent. No South Dakota doctor will perform the procedure therefore the Sioux Falls Planned Parenthood Clinic is the sole clinic that agrees to do so once a week, flying in doctors from Minnesota. Consequently, only 0.2%, or approximately 800 out of a total 390,000 South Dakota women will opt for an abortion annually."
"Should HB 1215 be signed into law, abortion opponents are confident Roe v. Wade could be overturned. So far, 14 states have considered bills that would ban abortion in all or most cases, according to NARAL Pro-Choice America. This ban may set a precedent and swing the vote in those states, including nearly every state in the South and some of the states across the industrial Rust Belt, states that have already enacted most of the abortion restrictions now allowed."
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Value of Human Life, 2002.
This paper attempts to determine what a person's life is worth is terms of monetary value.
2,726 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the economic value of human life. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey through several methods used to calculate that value as well as other theories about calculating that value. The essay uses instruments such as life insurance, governments and taxes to create a monetary value to a person.
From the Paper
"The need to determine the economic value of human life is important to various areas of life, society and public policy. There are so many instances that a dollar value being placed on human life would be beneficial that its evaluation is vital. Medical science has worked to extend human life and today people are living longer than ever before and with that ability comes many quality of life issues. Whether or not to invest millions of dollars to maintain someone?s life, regardless of the quality of life that person will have is constantly under arguement."
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Plato?s Idea of the Role of Philosophy in Human Life, 2002.
An examination of Plato's beliefs in the function of philosophy in life.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to assess Plato's obsession with the role of philosophy. The author argues that Plato sees philosophy as the purpose in life and provides reasons for this such as Philosophy's ability to provide clarity to to all discussions of fundamental values and principles so important to human life. This paper examines Plato's concepts and principles.
From the Paper
"Everyone knows that for Plato, philosophy is the summit of human life and achievement. Socrates, the grandfather of dialectics, gadfly to Athens, made no bones about it in the Republic: the philosopher is flatly superior to all other men. Why? Socrates formulates the same thought in many related figures. Only the philosopher sees the invisible realities obscured by visible facts. Others see the Many, the philosopher sees the One. Others are beguiled by shadows, the philosopher gazes into light. Others are taken in by simulacra viewed as being in constant motion, but the philosopher knows the unmoving essences that underlie all appearances. For Socrates-Plato, then, the philosopher not only epitomizes man at his finest (there is never a question of women becoming philosophers, not even so much as a murmur ? one can only imagine the outburst of sardonic laughter the idea might have provoked from Socrates and his entourage), but also ought to be the ruler of the ideal State. Concomitantly, those who are not philosophers deserve to be classed among the ruled. My question, in this short paper, will be: Does Socrates, as quoted by Plato in The Republic, make his case for these claims convincingly, or does he leave the reader feeling dubious?"
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Abortion and the Value of Human Life, 2006.
A pros and cons paper that thoroughly deals with the issue of abortion in the U.S.
841 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough summary of both sides of the abortion issue. It covers the main arguments of each side, pro-life and pro-choice, and compares the two while pointing out the pros and cons of each.
From the Paper
"Women's rights should be protected at all costs, especially since unwanted pregnancies can put the mother at risk in many cases. Very young mothers or mothers with poor health, for example, can be put at serious risk during a pregnancy they are not ready for. Also, mothers with poor financial status who are not ready for a baby may be forced to bring the child up in poverty."
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Euthanasia: Morality and the Sanctity of Human Life, 2008.
A critique of Peter Singer's views on euthanasia.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines Peter Singer's defense of euthanasia for the severely disabled and, by extension, the very young or very old. The paper argues that Singer's rationale does not stand up to scrutiny insofar as, as a moral philosophy, it constitutes a real danger to any concept of the social contract. The paper posits that if society permits people to be grouped according to some sort of hierarchy that privileges some above others, then it becomes easy for individuals to forget the essential humanity of other members of the community. In the end, the paper maintains that Singer's philosophy is rife with problems.
From the Paper
"My personal view is that Singer's argument is manifestly weak. For one thing, to allow human beings to be euthanized (killed off might be a better expression) is to create a new kind of moral philosophy that, for all intents and purposes, undermines the humanity of all us. To put it another way, if it is possible for the severely-disabled to be killed without fear of moral condemnation (to say nothing of legal condemnation), what is to stop the large-scale killings of individuals on the basis of skin color, perceived mental acuity (they do not have to be severely disabled but can merely be burdened by below average intelligence) and/or on the basis that the abilities they possess are of little use to the larger community?"
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Tom Harpur's article "Human Dignity Must Figure in Decisions to Prolong Life", 2002.
Presents an opposing argument to Harpur's position that medical technology should not necessarily be used to prolong life.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
In this essay I will argue that, given how greatly Harpur's arguments rely upon fallacies for support, his general thesis - that often medical technology should not be used to prolong life - is therefore invalid and unproven.
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Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition", 2005.
An overview of Joseph Wood Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition"
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of Joseph Wood Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition". The paper discusses the author's main themes, provides a summary of the work, and addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the collection of essays as a whole.
From the Paper
"Throughout history human beings have attempted to produce theories of knowledge and learning. Some of the most basic questions such theories have attempted to answer concern what knowledge is, where knowledge comes from and how we know what is true. Plato theorized that only things that do not change, that are immutable can be known. Limitations of the human senses and perception have always played into theories on knowing. So too has human capacity for ration and more..."
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Human rights vs. Human Nature, 2006.
A discussion regarding the justification of war and the issue of human rights versus human nature.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the question of justifying military intervention on the basis of protection of human rights, pointing out that such a question requires a prior assumption. The paper clarifies this assumption to be that countries are capable of benevolent, disinterested altruism. History refutes this assumption. The paper further discusses how individuals and groups within a country may very well have the best intentions to bring relief to the suffering citizens of a brutal dictatorship or civil war; but countless examples, from Vietnam, to Latin America, to Rwanda, to present day Iraq, show a road to hell paved with such good intentions. The political and military forces involved in such maneuvers, by their very nature, preclude truly altruistic actions.
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Human Rights And Human Trafficking, 2006.
A discussion on human trafficking and the international response to the problem.
5,084 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how human trafficking has increasingly become a problem for many countries throughout the world, with people being taken from their families, homes and communities and ensnared in a life of servitude to others in a strange and foreign country. The paper focuses on the question of whether there is enough being done to combat the increasing problem of human trafficking. The paper examines the international community's response to the problem. The paper details various countries and communities and how they have been effected by human trafficking.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Overview Of Human Trafficking Throughout The World
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong
India
Bulgaria
The Netherlands
Pakistan
Russia
Uganda
Poland - The Press And The Perspective In Media
Mexico - 20,000 Child Victims
Mongolia - 200 Mongolian Children Exploited As Prostitutes
Other Countries
What Is Being Done To Combat This Problem?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to a separate report, "Migrant trafficking and smuggling has become a global business generating huge profits for traffickers and organized crime syndicates." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) In fact in a study conducted by IOM reports "...an estimated 15 to 30 million irregular migrants worldwide." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) Sadly a report of the U.S. Department of Justice states that an estimated "...700,000 women and children are trafficked yearly across borders." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) The reason stated that so many of these migrants go unreported is due to the inherent "...clandestine nature..." involved in so many of the lives and migration of these individuals."
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Aggression in Human & Non-Human Primates, 1999.
Analyzes nature of violence, differences between humans & non-humans, biological, psychological & social causes, evolution, territoriality, survival and theories.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 13 sources, £ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Abstract
This paper is an investigation of the topic of aggression in both humans and non-human primates with an attempt to understand the causes of such aggression and what links exist between the aggressive behaviors of different primate species.
The literature on primate aggression is reviewed and a number of bases for aggressive behavior are put forth, including psychoanalytic, biological, evolutionary and learned. The validity of each of these explanatory paradigms is examined and the evolutionary and social learning perspectives are established as being the most useful bases on which to create theoretical models of primate aggressive behavior.
A substantial amount of attention is paid to possible evolutionary causes of aggression and evolutionarily based links between the aggressive tendencies..:
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Mars: A Mission for the Human Race, 2004.
A discussion on the reasons for exploring Mars as a possible planet for sustaining human life.
2,463 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Red Planet which has fascinated astronomers from early days. The paper states that as we began more missions to Mars we gained a greater understanding of our solar system. President George W. Bush has announced plans to send humans to Mars. The paper discusses the various missions to the planet and the possibility of living on Mars. The paper states that if we look into the future, we will see that soon we will run out of resources, and will be forced to stray from earth in order to survive. The paper further suggests that the best way to do this would be to colonize Mars as an important aspect of our survival, and we should now start to take steps toward a new frontier of life, off into the vast extreme of space.
From the Paper
"The cost to send manned missions will be much higher than any ever before perceived, but we will soon find out that these missions will become necessary parts of the survival of our species. If we really want to get our money's worth, we must send humans to Mars instead of just robots. Robots can only do so much. For example, a robot must collect data, send it back to Earth, be analyzed by a team of scientists twenty minutes later, then receive the information regarding the path it should take for the next five feet another twenty minutes later. Thankfully, we do not need to be so meticulous in navigating the humans we send to Mars. These people can find their own way around, without the help or need of a computer, or a team of expert scientists twenty light minutes away. With a working system of spacecraft, we would be able to ferry people from planet to planet, always keeping a group of people on Mars. This way we could always be working there, not just a chunk of three months every two years. In this manner, manned missions to Mars would prove to be much more effective than the alternative of robotic missions conducting experiments for limited amounts of time. We shouldn't necessarily be concerned with the effects of ourselves on the planet, but with the effects of ourselves on our own species."
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Life Span Research, 2005.
A study on the generational theory and the human life span.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the hypothesis that generational theory can be applied to understanding the sense of conflict that emerges between adolescents and seniors. The paper defines for the purposes of discussion, the term adolescents and seniors. The paper uses generational theory and hypothesizes that the sense of conflict that is observed from the interaction of these groups is attributed to these two populations coming from two distinctive generations that are separated by more than forty years.
From the Paper
"One of the core principles in the study of generational theory is the observation that all generations appear to share attitudes and behaviors that are common to those maintained by their same-age peers. The concept of a generation is best described as a community that is identified by their years of birth, location, age, and shared life and social events occurring at critical periods in their development. Generational theory also indicates that there is a cycle, or saeculum, that "consists of four distinct periods, each lasting roughly 20 years. The uniqueness of the four periods explains why attitudes seem to change from one generation to the next; but in fact, the four periods simply cycle through about 80 years" (Rudich, 2001). As a result, the commonalities among members of a given generation not only separate them from the preceding generations but also separate them ..."
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