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The Human Development Index (HDI), 2005.
This paper discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which was first calculated in 1990 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as an indicator of human development in both industrial and lesser developed nations.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Human Development Index (HDI) presumes that in a hypothetical ideal situation everyone would have the opportunity to make choices about the essential issues in their lives. The author points out that HDI is a helpful calculation method because it uses specific indicators of a nation's various developmental factors to create a more generalized index, thus simplifying a very complex reality. The paper relates finding of the application of the HDI such as investment in human capabilities is a never-ending process and it is not obvious that the payoff, in monetary terms at least, is greater when levels of development are low. Chart.
From the Paper
"This ideal state is assigned a value of one and the various countries' levels are calculated accordingly on a zero to one scale. This emphasis on empowerment is important to this thesis since it addresses the question of independence versus dependence. For example, in an ideal case everyone in the world would have the opportunity to use the Internet, because they would have the adequate educational background, pleasant environment without major factors threatening their lives and living conditions, and the economic resources to take advantage of network services. HDI indicates the distance countries have to travel to reach such equal and independent possibilities in reality."
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Government, Human Development and Democracy, 2008.
This extensive paper is a research study asking if a democratic systems of governance remain the most ideal form of government to effectively achieve a state's developmental aims.
7,165 words (approx. 28.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the connection between the types or forms of government and their performance in terms of the human development index (HDI), which is a more reliable measurement of development as a referent of its effect and contribution to the human person. The author argues that democratic forms of government are better able to provide for the advancement of human development because they allow for more meaningful public participation. The paper indicates that more than 60% of all dominant-assembly-oriented types (mostly referred to as parliamentary systems of government) and 20% of accountable-executive-oriented (mostly referred to as presidential systems) fall within categories regarded as "high human development" and roughly 24 percent of the former and 57% of the latter countries are within the "medium human development" category.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Related Literature
Structures of Government
Table. Riggs's Classification of Polity's (Political Systems)
Democracy and Development
Human Development
Classification of Forms of Government
Table. Classification of Forms of Government Used in the Paper
Human Development Index and Forms of Government
Table. High Human Development
Table. Medium Human Development
Table. Low Human Development
Distribution of Each Governmental Type across HD Levels
Table. Distribution of Each Type of Governmental Form across HD Levels
Table. HDI by Designated Regions and Clusters
Conclusion: Democracy for Human Development
From the Paper
"There are governments as well, which may have plurality in terms of decision-making but it is dispersed among a few like-minded individuals advancing a common cause and not allowing for existence of competing groups or parties. This characterizes the third type of governmental system which still greatly persists in the present era--the ruling-party oriented type (Type 3). Theocratic governments are sub-classified under this since theocratic governments whether multi-party or not, allow a rather very little room for ideological dissent and since their main goals are to conservatively advance a particular religion and way of life and sometimes at the expense of political rights and civil liberties."
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Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition", 2005.
An overview of Joseph Wood Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition"
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of Joseph Wood Krutch's "Human Nature and the Human Condition". The paper discusses the author's main themes, provides a summary of the work, and addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the collection of essays as a whole.
From the Paper
"Throughout history human beings have attempted to produce theories of knowledge and learning. Some of the most basic questions such theories have attempted to answer concern what knowledge is, where knowledge comes from and how we know what is true. Plato theorized that only things that do not change, that are immutable can be known. Limitations of the human senses and perception have always played into theories on knowing. So too has human capacity for ration and more..."
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Human rights vs. Human Nature, 2006.
A discussion regarding the justification of war and the issue of human rights versus human nature.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the question of justifying military intervention on the basis of protection of human rights, pointing out that such a question requires a prior assumption. The paper clarifies this assumption to be that countries are capable of benevolent, disinterested altruism. History refutes this assumption. The paper further discusses how individuals and groups within a country may very well have the best intentions to bring relief to the suffering citizens of a brutal dictatorship or civil war; but countless examples, from Vietnam, to Latin America, to Rwanda, to present day Iraq, show a road to hell paved with such good intentions. The political and military forces involved in such maneuvers, by their very nature, preclude truly altruistic actions.
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Human Rights And Human Trafficking, 2006.
A discussion on human trafficking and the international response to the problem.
5,084 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how human trafficking has increasingly become a problem for many countries throughout the world, with people being taken from their families, homes and communities and ensnared in a life of servitude to others in a strange and foreign country. The paper focuses on the question of whether there is enough being done to combat the increasing problem of human trafficking. The paper examines the international community's response to the problem. The paper details various countries and communities and how they have been effected by human trafficking.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Overview Of Human Trafficking Throughout The World
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong
India
Bulgaria
The Netherlands
Pakistan
Russia
Uganda
Poland - The Press And The Perspective In Media
Mexico - 20,000 Child Victims
Mongolia - 200 Mongolian Children Exploited As Prostitutes
Other Countries
What Is Being Done To Combat This Problem?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to a separate report, "Migrant trafficking and smuggling has become a global business generating huge profits for traffickers and organized crime syndicates." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) In fact in a study conducted by IOM reports "...an estimated 15 to 30 million irregular migrants worldwide." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) Sadly a report of the U.S. Department of Justice states that an estimated "...700,000 women and children are trafficked yearly across borders." (Counter-Trafficking, 2006) The reason stated that so many of these migrants go unreported is due to the inherent "...clandestine nature..." involved in so many of the lives and migration of these individuals."
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Aggression in Human & Non-Human Primates, 1999.
Analyzes nature of violence, differences between humans & non-humans, biological, psychological & social causes, evolution, territoriality, survival and theories.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 13 sources, £ 96.95
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From the Paper
"Abstract
This paper is an investigation of the topic of aggression in both humans and non-human primates with an attempt to understand the causes of such aggression and what links exist between the aggressive behaviors of different primate species.
The literature on primate aggression is reviewed and a number of bases for aggressive behavior are put forth, including psychoanalytic, biological, evolutionary and learned. The validity of each of these explanatory paradigms is examined and the evolutionary and social learning perspectives are established as being the most useful bases on which to create theoretical models of primate aggressive behavior.
A substantial amount of attention is paid to possible evolutionary causes of aggression and evolutionarily based links between the aggressive tendencies..:
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Economic Development, 2007.
An analysis of some of the characteristics that are inherent in rapidly growing economies.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper defines economic development by examining the relationship that exists between economic development, economic growth and income. It discusses how one would characterize the importance of the United Nations Development Program's (UNDP) human development index (HDI) and the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGS). The paper also discusses and analyzes some of the characteristics that are inherent in rapidly growing economies.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Economic Development Defined
Importance of the Goals of UNDP and the UN Millennium
Characteristics in Rapidly Growing Economies Analyzed
From the Paper
"In the work entitled; "Meeting the Demand for Skilled Workers in a Rapidly Growing Economy - Malaysia" published by the International Labor Office one of the characteristics of a rapidly growing economy is the lessening of unemployment and the addition of opportunities for workers. Furthermore, wages generally experience a rise. in rapidly expanding economies. Wages in Malaysia have risen by 10 percent annually for skilled and semi-skilled workers while wages for managers, technical workers and professionals rise by 7.5 percent and unskilled worker wages rose by 5 percent. In Malaysia the unemployment rates have fallen to below 3 percent during the last decade" while Stated within the report is that: "Malaysia's economy has experienced a sharp turnaround since the recession of 1985 - 1986." (2003) While the rise in wages and fall in unemployment rates is very positive the problem that exists in the economy of Malaysia in relation to wages is that There are many reasons for these wage patterns, not all of which have implications for vocational education and training. But studies show that the main reason for widening wage differentials is that the supply of skilled workers has not kept pace: managerial and technical workers have the lowest supply elasticity, followed by skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers. " (Ibid)"
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Growth and Development Theories, 2006.
A commentary on the discussions and readings on the growth and modernization models of developing countries from World War II through the 1960s.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes various theories of growth and modernization and finds that they share a prognosis that lack of capital is a critical element. The paper gives several reasons for this lack. The paper reviews the history of different growth and modernization models, focusing on Asian economies. It compares the structuralist and substantivist schools' approaches to development and examines the dependency theory in the context of the Philippine economy. The paper concludes with the contemporary evaluation of economic development, the Human Development Index, first released by the United Nations Development Program in 1990, noting that the HDI much better measures the problems of poverty and ignorance.
Table of Contents:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
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Human Evolution and Closest Relative, 2007.
This paper discusses the evolution of the human and discusses human origins.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that evolution is defined as a change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation and natural selection. The writer notes that the topic of human evolution all started when human fossils and remains were discovered from different regions on earth. The writer points out that the availability of new technology even allows the study of the genetic structures of the fossils found, which signifies a more reliable and astonishing breakthrough in defining the start of human evolution. The writer concludes that many of the scientific evidences including that of the anatomical, archaeological and genetic provide a full proof view that modern humans descend from earlier hominid populations or our ape-like ancestors.
From the Paper
"Homo sapiens (about 100,000 years ago) is characterized by large brain size, high forehead, small eyebrow ridges, slender skeleton and upright structure. The Homo sapiens fossil record shows anatomical trends toward decreased bone mass. Their diet was more balanced - it included meat, grains and vegetables. The sapiens' tools were more sophisticated, and incorporated the use of raw materials. Surviving Cro-Magnon artifacts include huts, cave paintings, carvings and antler-tipped spears. The remains of tools suggest that they knew how to make woven clothing (according to a claim by Michael Rappenglueck, of the University of Munich. 2000.). The appearance of Cro-Magnon culture about 40,000 years ago was characterized by fine artwork - beads, ivory carvings, clay figurines, decorated tools and even musical instruments."
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Human Resource Management in the Airline Industry, 2008.
This paper discusses effective human resource management in the airline industry, including employee recruitment, management and evaluation.
12,341 words (approx. 49.4 pages), 22 sources, APA, £ 169.95
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Abstract
The world we live in is constantly faced with new challenges it must overcome in order to survive; and the business world is no exception. A wide array of changes have affected industrial activities and have forced companies to develop and more importantly, to become increasingly adaptable to all forces of micro and macro nature. A most relevant modification within the business sector is represented by the approach to the human resource. If only a few decades ago, the personnel were perceived as the force operating the machines, today, they represent the company's most valuable assets, its core competency and its means of achieving organizational goals. The management of the human resource currently constitutes a vital issue within corporations, moreover for the companies activating in the service field, where the quality of the interactions with the customers is crucial for the successful continual of the business activity. Airline companies place increased emphasis on the human resource strategies and policies and have integrated them in the company's values. This research paper presents the most relevant human resource management practices as revealed by numerous academicians and specialized economists. Furthermore, two airlines companies are discussed while presenting the means in which they understand, develop and implement human resource strategies and policies.
Outline:
Executive summary
1. Introduction
2. Human Resource Management Practices
2.1 Relevant Concepts of HRM
2.2 Planning and Recruiting
2.2.1 Recruiting the personnel
2.2.2 Sources of recruitment
2.3 Organizing the Human Resource
2.3.1 Job Design
2.3.2 Working Conditions
2.3.3 Flexible Schedules
2.4 Developing and Training the Human Resource
2.4.1 Training and Development
2.4.2 Motivating the Human Resource
2.5 Evaluating and Remunerating the Personnel
2.6 Employee Relations
2.6.1 Communications
2.6.2 Collective Bargaining
3. Human Resource Management within Airline Companies
3.1 HRM Particularities in Airline Companies
3.1.1 Globalization and Market Liberalization
3.1.2 Technological Developments
3.2 Measuring Job Satisfaction of Airline Passenger Service Staff
3.3 Airline Employees and Airline Disasters
3.4 The Human Resource at British Airways
3.5 The Human Resource at Air Canada
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
5. Reflections
6. References
From the Paper
"The human resource strategies designed and implemented by the company's management are expected to retrieve two finalities. The company first expects to better satisfy the needs of its employees. Secondly, the management hopes that through the implementation of the HR practices and alternatively an increased job satisfaction, employees' performances will increase and this will generate a superior quality of the airline services offered by the organization.
"But in order to reach the desired status of increased market share, profits and increased interest from investors, due to a high quality of their services, managers must first measure the level of satisfaction of each employee. Ruth Taylor, the Academic Area Head for the Services and Tourism Management program at Curtin University, Western Australia, has long studied and analyzed the level of job satisfaction felt by airline employees as well as the measurements used by managements."
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Human Rights in England and the ECHR, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the decisions of the Divisional Court and the Court of Appeal with that of the European Court of Human Rights concerning human rights cases.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the decisions of the Divisional Court and the Court of Appeal in R v Ministry of Defence ex parte Smith [1996] 2 WLR 305 with that of the European Court of Human Rights in Lustig-Prean v UK (2000) 29 EHRR 548. It discusses how the different outcomes in these cases can be chiefly explained by the approaches available to the courts in terms of reviewing State policy. It looks at why the test of 'irrationality' employed by the English courts meant that the discriminatory government policy could not be overturned and then examines why the test of 'proportionality' available to the Court of Human Rights allowed a fundamentally different outcome to be reached.
From the Paper
"Having accepted Brown LJ?s assessment regarding the justiciability of the policy, both the Divisional Court and Court of Appeal considered each of the three grounds for the review application: that the policy breached Article 2 of the EC Equal Treatment Directive ; that it breached Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights; and that it was ?irrational?. Both English courts shared the view that the word ?sex? in the EC Directive should not be construed as embracing sexual orientation and should, therefore, have a meaning no broader than gender . Had they accepted the applicants? argument, the policy would have been unlawful as it would amount to direct discrimination . In the Divisional Court, Brown LJ emphasised the ?unambiguous? language of the Directive, which plainly refers to discrimination of gender rather than of orientation."
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Human Development, 2002.
A comparison of two literary works to describe what it means to be human and the processes of human development.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses "2001:A Space Odyssey" by Arthur C. Clarke and "Lost Horizon" by James Hilton. The writer explains that while the genre of these two books are different, each author works a similar idea - human development - from different points of view.
From the Paper
"In the larger sense, though, the main character is not any individual at all but Mankind, and the novel is the story of human beings from the time of their origin as human beings to the next step in the evolutionary cycle leading past homo sapiens to whatever designation would be given to the superior beings to come. Everything in the story centers on the development of the human race for a higher purpose, and this development is guided by unknown and unidentified extraterrestrials, never seen but implied and symbolized by the monolith appearing first among the prehumans of the African plain, then on the moon, and finally floating in space and serving as the stargate through which Frank Bowman passes on his epic journey, leading to the appearance of the Starchild: "With eyes that already held more than human intentness, the baby stared into the depths of the crystal monolith, seeing--but not yet understanding--the mysteries that lay beyond" (Clarke 233). The people of Shangri-La also seem to represent an advance in evolution, for they have attained great longevity and live more contented lives, as Chang explains when he tells Conway that "the process of retarding age would begin, and if successful, might give Conway half a century or so at the apparent age of forty" (Hilton 182)."
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Human Resources Management, 2002.
A discussion of the role of human resource management within the office environment through a review of the book ?Human Relations: Interpersonal Job Oriented Skills? by Andrew Dubrin.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the human relations manager and human resources play a key role in the productivity of an office environment and how their role is one of quality control, as they guarantee that the efficiency of a work environment is not compromised by the inability of workers to co-operate. It discusses the theory put forward by Andrew Dubin in his book ?Human Relations: Interpersonal Job Oriented Skills?, that human resources functions are too expensive and that the key to successful human interaction is to be found in the psychological aspects of employees and social dynamics among employees. It describes how the book focuses a great deal of time on interpersonal skills training, as it is dedicated to improving interpersonal action in organizations.
From the Paper
"The role of the human relations manager is usually broader in corporations where employees are unionized: there human relations managers are seen as more vital in that they negotiate compensation with union leaders and serve as management?s diplomatic team in dealing with the elected representatives of skilled laborers. Often managers responsible for working with small teams of union laborers in larger corporations lack the authority to change the nature of workers? positions because they lack the authority, or because contractual constraints restrict these workers? roles."
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Human Sexuality, 2005.
Summary and discussion of an article by D. Dyrne and M. Hogben on human sexuality, "Using Social Learning Theory to Explain Individual Differences in Human Sexuality".
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an article about human sexuality that emphasizes an approach to studying the concept of human sexuality and human sexual behavior from the perspective of the social learning theory. The paper also explains and analyzes how the theory is applied to the study of human sexuality and behavior and examines contemporary research that supports this approach.
From the Paper
"Dyrne & Hogben (1999) in their work "Using Social Learning Theory to Explain Individual Differences in Human Sexuality" approach the concept of human sexuality and human sexual behavior from a social learning theory approach. This article is of interest because it presents a new model for exploring human sexuality and the reasons that humans act in a particular manner with regard to sexual behavior." The article analyzed is appended to the paper.
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