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Human-Computer Interaction, 2004.
An overview of different issues concerning human-computer interaction (HCI).
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines human-computer interaction (HCI), the study of how people and computing technologies interact. It looks at how a focus on the design of computer systems is one part of the field, with usefulness and ergonomics, as well as aesthetics of the ?box? ,taken into account. It looks at how the issues in human computer interaction involve not only cognitive issues for the human part of the equation and technical issues for the computer portion, but social issues for the humans involved.
Outline
Background
Social and Contextual Aspects of HCI
Groups and Computer Interaction
Flow
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It may be, also, that ?flow? is involved in these findings. ?The theory of optimal flow has been proposed as a useful framework for studying the experience of individuals as they learn and use computers, and for identifying the factors that influence this experience (Ghani, 1991).? (Deshpande, 1994) The key characteristics of flow, which seem to be confirmed by the researchers above, are total concentration in the activity and the enjoyment one derives from it. (Deshpande, 1994) In the cases of the study of the students, especially, these factors might have come into play. Flow moments occur when ?a person's body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult or worthwhile." (Deshphande, 1994) Likewise, when one has a feeling of control over one?s environment?which would have been the case after the students were instructed and counseled--flow is enhanced."
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Human Computer Interface, 2008.
An overview of the field of human-computer interface technology and solutions.
3,591 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the field of human-computer interface (HCI) technology and solutions. HCI is viewed as an extremely critical component of software and device development as miniaturization and portability are seen as fundamentally changing the fashion in which humans and computers interact and in how humans access services across a spectrum of activities. Various aspects of HCI are discussed in detail such as its historical development and its reliance on I/O technology.
Outline:
User Interface Design Principles
Descriptive Models
Human Capabilities
Human-Centered Computing
From the Paper
" The complex, interdisciplinary nature of human-computer interface (HCI) design, as it seeks to prove a satisfactory user experience for differing classes of users within given constraints, makes designing useful and intuitive man-machine interaction (MMI) difficult. Creating effective HCIs is a considerable challenge given user expectations and capabilities relative to both the machine and the machine logic involved. HCI is, at its core, a design challenge and design, as a school of thought, has long influenced the character of the world in which the human condition is at play.
"After several thousand years of evolution in design concepts, design itself has moved from the external to the internal whereby the design of everyday utilitarian and functional devices is meant to mirror human thought processes: "...cognitive processes of fault management activities involving situation awareness, decision making, and implementation of actions in order to obtain requirements for human-machine system design"(Itoh & Inagaki, 2004, p.4). Clearly, the design of what humans regularly use to interact and manipulate the world around them has evolved into a representational model of the human thought process itself. This development is most apparent in the design and structure of computing systems and software where the degree of human and the conceptual machine (program) interaction is so integrated: "...mental models of a controlled process was heavily affected by human-interface design...the human interface must be carefully designed to externalize a mental model of the controlled process for better support of situation awareness..." (Itoh & Inagaki, 2004, p.23). This degree of interaction between human activity and machine design has so intrinsically changed the way humans interact with their environment that, indeed, many of the reasons humans used to have to go out of the home have been removed from the human condition: going to the library, going to the store or even the bank. This is a profound influence by design upon the human condition itself."
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Human-Computer Interaction, 2005.
A discussion on the effects of human-computer interaction.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses human-computer interaction. It expands on the changing ways in which today's computer users interface with their machines. The paper describes the use of mental models. The author also describes how user expectations shape the actual experience.
From the Paper
"In Star Trek IV there is a comedic moment when the chief science officer addresses a twentieth century computer by saying "Computer" in order to gain access. When handed a keyboard he responds with a remark about how ..."
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Human Computer Interaction (HCI), 1996.
Discussion of usability and pedagogical issues in computer user interface design.
3,120 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 19 sources, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper provides background information about software user interfaces, its design and development, and the interface design issues of usability and pedagogical impacts.
From the Paper
"In general, the user interface describes the "look and feel" of a computer, how the human communicates with the computer, and the interaction between the two. Jean-Louis Gassee, former president of Apple Products, describe the interface as the "cognitive locus of human-computer interaction" (Gassee, 1990). Norman likens the successful user interface to a doorknob -- people don?t think of the doorknob as the interface to the door, they subconsciously use it to go in and out of a door. He believes that the interface works best when it is so seamlessly integrated with the task to be performed that the user interface disappears from consciousness (Norman, 1990). A person?s task, in this analogy, is to walk through the door, and the doorknob is the interaction, the user interface, between that person and the door. Norman feels that the interface designer should be asking the question, "what tools should be provided for the task?", instead of the traditional "how should we design the interface?""
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Behavioral Finance and Human Interaction, 2002.
A research study of the decision-making processes impacting financial markets.
23,325 words (approx. 93.3 pages), 44 sources, MLA, £ 178.95
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Abstract
The stock market?s dominant theory, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been greatly criticized recently for its failure to account for human errors, heuristic bias, use of misinformation, psychological tendencies, in determining future expected performance and obtainable profits. Existing evidence indicates that past confidence in the EMH may have been misdirected, as the theory?s models do not show a thorough understanding of trading operations in a realistic light.
Researchers have suggested that a variety of anomalies and inconsistent historical results demand that traditional financial theories, namely the EMH, be reconstructed to include human interaction as a key decision-making process that directly affects the performance of financial markets. This research paper determines whether or not there is a need for a refined financial model that incorporates the behavior of the stock market?s investors. The paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
A. Importance of the Study
B. Purpose of the Study
C. Problem Statement
D. Rational of the Study
E. Scope of the Study
F. Definition of Terms
II. Review of Related Literature
A. Introduction
B. Body of Text
C. Summary
III. Method Used in Research
A. Approach
B. Data Gathering Method
C. Data Base Used for Analysis
D. Analysis of Data
E. Validity of Data
F. Method Originality and Limitations
IV. Data Analysis
V. Summary, Discussion and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to Barrett and several financial analysts, when investors watched the Nasdaq ?blast through the 5,000-point threshold in March only to give back half its value by year's end?, most investors felt the need t re-evaluate his expectations and investing philosophy.
The same group of investors that had dumped endless streams of cash into shaky Internet stocks at unprecedented prices suddenly pulled their money out of the stock market, afraid to buy even some of the leading industry stocks at low prices. This backs up research that states that the majority of individual investors will keep a losing stock too long and sell a winning stock too soon."
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Exploring Interactivity in Computer Games, 2002.
The paper analyzes the nature and role of computer games and focuses on modern additions such as interactivity and streaming technology.
5,433 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper traces the rise of interactive entertainment and in particular computer games. The paper examines the genre of "Interactive Fiction" whereby interactive games are created in a sophisticated fashion, based on movies and books. The paper looks at the use of broadband and streaming media in the gaming industry. It also details the process involved in creating such games and the attractiveness of interactive games.
Table of Contents
Introduction The Rise of Video Games
Games as a Major Form of Entertainment in Today's World
Studying Games
Games, Media and Interactivity
Exploring interactivity in Video Games and Movies
Home Entertainment Networks
Violence in Games
Are Games Just for Boys
Indiana Jones and Tomb Raider
The Use of Streaming Media in the Gaming and Video Industry
Online World of Games called Linden Lab: An Example of Streaming Technology
Problems Associated with Streaming Technology
What makes Streaming Technology so Successful
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
" In 1999, more than 20 billion game sets and software were sold, surprisingly more than the Hollywood box office for the first time in history. This just tells us that more and more people are playing games than they were before. This also means that more people are playing games instead of watching movies or even reading books. Making games the most popular form of entertainment on planet Earth. This also makes us see the transformation of digital entertainment into a proper art form."
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Dolphin-Human Interactions, 2005.
A report on dolphins, describing their characteristics and qualities and human efforts to protect them, as well as the mistreatment they have suffered.
2,225 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explores some of those reasons why, in spite of dolphins being some of the most loved mammals in the world, they are still too often mistreated and abused. The paper also looks at some of the ways that many people and governments have, in fact, attempted to help dolphins to varying degrees, as well as presents results from a small survey taken to assess general attitudes toward dolphin protection efforts. The paper also formulates some conclusions about what other steps can be taken by people to minimize the harm we bring to this fine species. First, however, this paper describes some of the outstanding characteristics of dolphins so that the reader can understand what remarkable creatures they are.
From the Paper
"Dolphins are one of the most widely-loved mammals that exist. People love the fact that they are actually mammals instead of fish; they love how playful dolphins can be, and how they always seem to be smiling; and they love to hear the mythology about how dolphins have helped so many ships in trouble. Dolphins are regularly shown at places like Sea World and in aquariums, where people can see how intelligent these animals truly are. Between their sleek beauty, their agility in the water, and their seemingly always-happy demeanor, dolphins are beloved perhaps more than most other animals."
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Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer, 2002.
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well define position in the global computer market.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well define position in the global computer market. This paper also focuses on the comparison between innovations made by both the industries. It also reviews the factors responsible for setting back Gateway Computer to Dell Computer.
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Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer, 2002.
This management strategy and policy level paper is on the innovation of Dell Computer and Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer to establish a well defined position in the global computer market.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This Management strategy and Policy level paper is on the Innovation Of Dell Computer And Gateway Computer and focuses on the strategies adopted by both Dell Computer and Gateway Computer, to establish a well defined position in the global computer market. This paper also focuses on the comparison between innovations made by both the industries. It also reviews the factors responsible for setting back Gateway Computer to Dell Computer.
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Dell Computers and the Computer Industry, 2005.
Examines the success of this company within the computer segment.
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
Dell Computers is one of the great success stories of the microcomputer revolution. Starting with only $1000 in capital, Michael Dell built a computer manufacturer which is one of the most successful, and which changed the way that computer manufacturers provide products to consumers. The paper shows that the company's success illustrates the effect that a strong and charismatic leader can have on an organization, and Dell Computers bears the unforgettable imprint of its founder. This research examines the factors which have made Dell successful, considers the state of the computer industry today, and offers recommendations for Dell's strategy in the future.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Background of Dell Computers
Analysis of Computer Industry
Threat of New Entrants
Rivalry Among Existing Firms
Threat of Substitute Products
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
STEP Analysis
Technological Factors
Economic Factors
Political Factors
Recommended Strategy for Dell Computer
References
From the Paper
"The threat of new entrants into the microcomputer market is relatively low. This is because of the high cost of marketing microcomputers when there is little or no brand identification already established, and because the market share for existing firms is being consolidated. The industry itself has changed considerably from when Gateway 2000 entered the market (the most recent entrant of significance), and the price pressures that exist in the market are likely to discourage companies which do not have a solid financial basis on which to base their entrance (Feibus, 1998, p. 69)."
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Dell Computers and the Computer Industry, 2002.
Examines the creation of this computer firm and its place in the world's computer industry.
2,503 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
Dell Computers is one of the great success stories of the microcomputer revolution. The paper first traces the founding of Dell Computers by entrepreneur Michael Dell. It then analyzes the general computer industry, focusing on five factors: threat of new entrants, rivalry among existing firms, threat of substitute products, bargaining powers of buyers and bargaining powers of suppliers. Finally, the paper performs a STEP (social, technological, economical and political factors) analysis of Dell Computers.
From the Paper
"The American economy is enjoying a period of stable growth that is characterized by stable interest rates and low inflation. Prices for personal computers have been dropping as manufacturers are eager to gain market share and are able to take advantage of declining cost schedules. In 1998, personal computers could be found in 43 percent of American homes; this represents a substantial increase from the 40 percent for the three years previous. It is estimated that 60 percent of American homes will have personal computers by 2002 as prices continue to decline. The decline in prices makes it possible for increased numbers of Americans to afford the machines; the attractiveness of the Web and other benefits fuels the demand for these lower-priced computers (Burrows, 1998, p. 28)."
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Human Interface Design, 2007.
This paper explores user interface designs and their uses and limitations.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that human interface design is essentially concerned with the way in which the interface, or the interaction between the human and the computer, can be enhanced or made more usable and accessible. The paper explains how one of the central aspects with regard to human interface design is the use of metaphor to enable better and more understandable interaction. The paper notes the difficulties involved in the various attempts to integrate operating systems and the browser interface. The paper discusses the movement in the industry towards the creation of a human - computer interface which is more intuitive and which can use artificial intelligence to anticipate the user's needs and create a more seamless interface between human and machine.
From the Paper
"One of the central aspects with regard to human interface design is the use of metaphor to enable better and more understandable interaction. An insightful article in this regard is Human Interface Design Principles. This article emphasizes the importance of the use of metaphor in interface design. "Metaphors are the building blocks in the user's mental model of a task." (Human Interface Design Principles) The interface designer therefore makes use of concepts and metaphors "...that represent concrete, familiar ideas, and make the metaphors obvious, so that users can apply a set of expectations to the computer environment.""
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Evaluation of The Computer: What Is Going To Be Next?, 2005.
An in-depth analysis of the dynamic progress of the computer and computer technology.
4,216 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the history of computers and the development of computer technology. It studies the progress made over the past 70 years, and also discusses the projected direction which the computer is expected to take. This paper also reviews handheld, mobile computer devices, such as the PDA.
Executive Summary
Analysis
1942: The First Electronic Computer
1944, Another Computer
1946 - The First Practical Electronic Computer
1951 - UNIVAC Begins To Take Over The Business Industries Market
1981 - The Era of Personal Computers Begin
2000 - Turn of The Century - PDA
2005 - What Is Going To Be Next?
From the Paper
"The PCs produced by competitors were cheaper, but similar to IBM PCs. This led to the development of PCs all over the world, and due to the designing by IBM the products look extremely professional. Today, these products are the Windows operating system and Intel CPU computers. At the same time, it is important to note that within one year IBM had succeeded in selling 200,000 IBM PCs. This is a very large number when compared to 46 UNIVAC computers that were sold. In the same year, 1982, Compaq launched their PC and it was 100 percent compatible with IBM. They had to spend $1 million to develop the ROM BIOS that made it similar to IBM PCs, and which did not yet violate the copyright held by IBM. "
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Impact of Computer-Based Games on Children, 2005.
Analysis of the impact that computer-based games have on the social behavior and development of children today.
2,699 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine the implications of computer-based gaming systems on children from a physical, psychosocial, and cultural perspective. More specifically, the paper attempts to determine if there is a link between the use of computer-, CD-, and DVD-based gaming systems, such as Playstation, and the incidence of juvenile crime, obesity, and poor academic achievement. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Aims and Objectives of Dissertation
Review of Studies of Impact of Computer-Based Gaming
Systems on Children.
Playstation/Video Games Versus Traditional Games
Cultural Implications
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)/Transference/Influence on Normal Behaviour/Influence
Outside Game Environment.
Moral Responsibility of Game Manufacturers/Correlation
with Crime
Future Trends and Potential Outcomes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The primary issue identified from the parental concerns expressed in the literature has been the perception that the use of gaming technology such as Playstation creates a raised level of anxiety and imitative violence in their children (Clayton 2003). This consideration is all-the-more compelling in view of the increased incidence of children with behavioral disorders; in fact, one of the most difficult child management issues facing parents and other caregivers today is the management of children with behavioral disorders, and, while all children can be defiant and challenge authority from time to time, the growing body of childhood behavioral disorders emerging is disturbing. The research to date consistently suggests that boys are overwhelmingly more likely to suffer from these disorders than are girls. Furthermore, boys are also more likely to engage in computer-based gaming activities (Clayton 2003)."
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