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Hughes and King, 2006.
A discussion regarding Langston Hughes and Dr. Martin Luther King.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at legendary 20th Century figures Langston Hughes and Dr. Martin Luther King, both of whom addressed the situation of being black. The paper compares King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech and Hughes' essay "Salvation".
From the Paper
"Hughes evokes a powerful revival experience from his childhood. As a thirteen-year-old, he attended a revival at his aunt's church that went on for weeks. Throughout the course of the revival, many sinners were caught up in the religious fervor and passion as they professed to the presence of Jesus. Hughes' tone early in the essay suggests that he is hopeful that the other converted sinners in the church really did see Jesus and were sincerely saved. When his turn came, though, he was more skeptical and wished to see actual proof. Even though Hughes clearly reported the amazing passion of the preacher who "preached a wonderful rhythmical sermon, all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire pictures of hell," (91) he did not allow himself to be swept up in the passion. He believed and hoped Jesus would speak directly to him and explained that "I kept waiting serenely for Jesus, waiting, waiting--but he didn't come. I wanted to see him, but nothing happened to me. Nothing! I wanted something to happen to me, but nothing happened" (91). His faith did not get the nudge he hoped for and he remained on the bench unsaved."
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The Works of Langston Hughes, 2007.
An analysis of the life and works of Langston Hughes and their contribution to the Harlem Renaissance.
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and works of African-American writer, Langston Hughes. It particularly considers how Hughes was linked to the period of time known as the Harlem Renaissance and how he affected this time period. The paper also looks at the early life of Hughes and discusses how the life and writings of Langston Hughes continues to inspire African-Americans to this day.
Table of Contents:
The Early Life of Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes and Harlem
Life and Career of Langston Hughes
The Works of Langston Hughes
From the Paper
"While the early life of Langston Hughes, and the Harlem Renaissance have been discussed, it is important to study what his life was like as he strived to eventually make Harlem his home. Early in life Hughes had decided to make writing as his career. At only eighteen years old, Hughes decided that he would make his living as a writer, but only had Hughes decided to be a writer, he had also decided to focus most of his writings to be about African Americans. "From his decision around 1920, at the age of 18, to try to live by his writings, he devoted himself to a career that would take as its center the world of African Americans" (Rampersad 22). Hughes believed African Americans were equal to whites and he believed in valuing humanity regardless of the person's skin color or race. "He moved easily between this profound sense of racial pride and love - unrivaled in its intensity by that of any other major writer - a cosmopolitanism that made him at home all around the world" (Rampersad 22). Even at a young age, people began to value his works."
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Poet James Langston Hughes, 2004.
This paper discusses the impact, purpose, and design of seven poems by the African-American poet, Langston Hughes.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most apparent element of Hughes's work is his use of particular diction to create vivid imagery; for example, in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," Hughes attempts to balance his own soul, or perhaps the soul of the black peoples, with some of the longest and deepest rivers in the world. This paper points out Hughes's use of symbolism to convey meaning within a work and to symbolize how society functioned at that time, as in the poem, "Democracy". This paper concludes that Hughes was the first to step up from among the ranks of the black people and present such strong and unashamed words; thereby, Hughes helped to reshape attitudes toward African-Americans, while also giving his own people a new hope for tomorrow.
From the Paper
"The works of James Langston Hughes belong among the richest and most significant pieces ever written by American authors. To distinguish this certainty, Hughes was also an African-American. His poetic works analyzed herein speak largely of the lifestyles in which the African American people lived during the late 19th and early to mid-20th centuries. Hughes, born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902, was intended by his father to attend Columbia University studying engineering. After dropping the program in 1921 with a B+ average, Hughes did not again attend college until he received his B.A. in 1929 from Lincoln University. Between these times many of his great works were written and published. These include "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" (1921), an essay entitled "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain", and "The Weary Blues" (1926)."
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Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance, 2002.
This paper analyzes the works, "Harlem: A Dream Deferred", "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", "Theme for English B", "The Weary Blues", and "As I Grew Older", by Langston Hughes.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Hughes's work and its relation to the Harlem Renaissance period. It explains how Langston Hughes is one of the premier writers of the Harlem Renaissance period, when black artists came into their own in America. The Harlem Renaissance helped other Americans understand the needs and feelings of blacks and helped create lasting careers for many black artists, including Hughes. Hughes continued to write about the plight of black Americans throughout his life, and his works are still vital and lasting tributes to the struggles of blacks everywhere in their quest for freedom and equality.
From the Paper
"The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic movement during the 1920s, which took place in the Harlem district of New York City. By the 1920s, many black Americans who had left their lives in the South and moved north to improve themselves, had settled in Harlem, and the district was well known as a black enclave in the city. Musicians, artists, and writers seemed to congregate in the Harlem area, and it became an community of the black arts, including jazz and blues music, poetry, painting, and just about every art form. There were many different artists associated with the Renaissance, including Arna Bontemps, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay, and Jean Toomer, among many others. The Harlem Renaissance flourished during the 1920s, and brought many people a new understanding the black's subjugation and discrimination. The movement faded with time, especially after the Great Depression began in the 1930s."
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Poet Langston Hughes, 2004.
This paper discusses Langston Hughes, often referred to as the Poet Laureate or Shakespeare of the Negro race.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Langston Hughes was one of the chief artists responsible for the development of African-American literature, known as the Harlem Renaissance, which saw the increase of self-identity issues of the black or Negro culture in the United States. The author points out that one of Langston Hughes's most anthologized poems, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," published in 1921, which brought Hughes to public attention, was an attempt to describe the search for identity and the depth of American Negro heritage. The paper relates that the art of Langston Hughes is never far from social issues and politics; some have criticized him, stating that he sacrificed art for politics, but others state that he had an innovative effect in that he made us rethink the historical relationships between poetics and politics.
From the Paper
"In this sense, the Harlem Renaissance was an extension of the movement towards freedom of expression in Negro art, thinking and writing. This renaissance or search for new meaning in the face of old restrictions was also reflected in other artistic and cultural events throughout the world. The sense of rebellion against restrictions and prejudice was expressed though the free and unencumbered patterns of jazz. "The Negro fad of the twenties encompassed a new EuroAmerican interest in jazz, African art, and sculpture and a return to the values of a preindustrial society." Hughes was to use this aspect to great advantage in his work."
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George Robert Twelves Hughes, 2004.
Presents a biography of George Robert Twelves Hughes and his lasting legacy to America.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how George Robert Twelves Hughes can be considered one of the most intriguing figures of the American Revolution and the following years of the creation of the American state as it developed from a fledgling nation. It shows how Hughes?s story is also the story of how the common person was afforded a greater role in the determination of the American state. Hughes rose from being a poor Boston shoemaker and overcoming his social superiors to become a hero of the Revolutionary War, and afterward, he instituted the social rights and principles of the Enlightenment. It looks at how Hughes stands as an archetypal figure, not only because he was part of the heroic band of revolutionary fighters, but also because he was an example of a self-made man who exceeded his ordinary and humble upbringing to have an important and lasting effect on the creation of the American nation.
From the Paper
"This incident show the burgeoning class consciousness in Hughes psyche as he stands up for himself in the face of one of his ?social betters? because that person, in this case the ship?s lieutenant, has offended his pride. Here we see the sorts of ideals of the American Revolution finding concrete expression in the actions of individuals themselves. Here, Hughes actions reflect the ability of individual to determine their own destiny and defend their own rights to self and pride regardless of their social and economic position. Here, the change in Hughes behavior from the deferential position that he took in relation to Hancock to the more active position he took in responding to the lieutenant also reflects the changing American consciousness, which was coming to terms with the idea that all people had inalienable rights, regardless of the relative social position."
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Langston Hughes, 2004.
An analysis of the significance of African-American writer and poet, Langston Hughes.
2,102 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
Langston Hughes is perhaps one of the most significant African-American writers of his time because his poetry and prose spoke to a wide audience. It explains that another aspect of Hughes?s popularity was his ability to focus on black music, such as jazz and the blues; his racial protest; and poems of that affirmed the African-American experience. It shows how, through these three core ideas, Hughes is able to successfully relate the positive and negative aspects of his experience. Hughes employs the techniques of humor, imagery, and rhythm to emphasize his points, and, as a result, proves himself to be a master at identifying with his African-American heritage.
From the Paper
"Paul Lauter states that Langston Hughes was a ?bright young star of the Negro Renaissance? (Lauter 1487). In Lauter?s opinion, Hughes? greatest discovery was Harlem. This experience allowed him to become enmeshed in the ?language, music, and feeling of the common people of Harlem. Proud of his folk heritage, Hughes made the spirituals, blues, and jazz the bases of the poetic expression. Because he was a victim of segregation and prejudice, he was ?steadfast in his devotion to human rights? (1487). As a result of his experiences, Hughes versatility allowed him to write meaningful poetry, fiction, and essays."
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Langston Hughes (1902-1967), 2005.
This paper discusses the poetry of Langston Hughes, the first American black to support himself as a writer.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Langston Hughes, as leader of the Harlem writers and creator of the Black Literary Renaissance of the 1920s, was a spokesman for the plight of many black people in America. The author states that many African-Americans activists, such as Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, did not appreciate Langston Hughes's poetry because they only wanted the positive side of the black experience portrayed. The paper concludes that the poetry of Langston Hughes captures a moment in history when the tension between race relations was high and many blacks were looking to break free; Hughes was the black voice of this Freedom Movement.
From the Paper
"Throughout his extensive collection of poetry, there are numerous lyrics that reflect this, such as "Jazzonia," "Young Gal's Blues," and "Dream Boogie," just to name a few. He even often had blues players at his readings to perform musical interludes while he recited his poems. Ultimately, by using the music, he was able to capture an aspect of African-American culture that was different from the traditional "white" culture. In other words, it was unique, it was his. It was this difference, this uniqueness, which his poetry illuminates so well."
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Langston Hughes, 2006.
This paper reviews several poems and essays by Langston Hughes, who wrote poetry, essays, novels, plays and children's books and is considered the most important African-American writer of his time.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Langston Hughes employs the techniques of humor, imagery and rhythm to emphasize his points, proving himself to be a master at identifying with his African-American heritage. The author points out that Hughes often used jazz as an inspiration for his literary works by utilizing colloquial African-American dialects in a rhythmic pattern that echoes jazz as seen in his poem "The Weary Blues", which earned Hughes a first prize for poetry in 1925. The paper analyzes several of his poem---"The Weary Blues", "Song for a Dark Girl", "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", "Freedom Train" and "The Negro Artist" and "The Racial Mountain" and essays---"Temptation", "There Ought to be a Law" and "The Fun of Being Black".
From the Paper
"In contrast to the serious nature of the African American plight, Jesse B. Simple allows Hughes to express his affirmation of the African American experience through humor. Maya Angelou states that Hughes' essays "helped us poke fun at the unjust, thereby weakening the power of injustice." Through humorous conversations with a fictional man, Hughes was able to comment on serious racial issues with a certain amount of ease. For instance, in his essay, "Temptation," Simple discusses the probability of Adam and Eve being black instead of white. He says, "If they had started out black, this world might not be in the fix it is today. Eve might not have paid that serpent no attention. I never did know a Negro yet that liked a snake" (Hughes 177). Through his unique sense of humor, Hughes proves his point that African Americans are just as capable as--even more capable than anyone else--of making a decision regarding their own fate."
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Langston Hughes, 2002.
This paper looks at some of Langston Hughes' works.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Langston Hughes contribution to the Harlem Renaissance. The author examines several of his prose and poems that were written about African-Americans and their experiences, both before and during this period in history. Some of the topics he wrote about included slavery, blues and jazz which he felt shaped the experiences of his people. His writing was unique in that he was one of the first black authors to give equal voice to the female slave experience and to write about the hopes and desires that the women in this period of history, also experienced. Hughes also felt that the rise in popularity of blues and jazz contributed to the growth of intellectual and cultural activity in the black community. According to the author, Hughes felt that in order to build a future, the black community needed to acknowledge its past and how it helped influence its composition.
From the Paper
"For while Hughes was certainly a writer of his own time and place, for all great writers are essentially local, he was also a writer of the human experience, for his poetry speaks to something inside many people whose own lives are very different in every particular from his own. But all humans dream, and fear, are filled with courage at times and at others are filled only with exhaustion. Hughes limned each of these emotions in his poems. Indeed his genius lies in his ability to blend the local ? the experiences of black men and women of his generation ? to nearly universal feelings in the human soul."
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Poet Langston Hughes.
This paper discusses themes of African-American culture, history, and self in the poetry of Langston Hughes.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the important issues and themes found in Hughes's poetry, specifically the poems, "Harlem," "Dream Variations," and "The Negro Speaks of Rivers". The three poems create a triad of important factors related to black American society. The author points out that, by using symbolism and imagery in the poems, Langston Hughes expresses his denouncement of racial discrimination, while at the same time achieving consistency in putting the factors of culture, history, and the self amid this major issue. The paper relates that Hughes is one of the icons of the cultural movement of the 20th century known as the Harlem Renaissance because he encouraged fellow black American writers to pursue their goal of achieving an equal status in modern American society and because his poetry became an important catalyst for the intellectual and cultural progress that began during this period.
From the Paper
"The first poem, "Harlem," is chosen because this is one of Hughes' earliest literary works; also, it provides the proper context in which the succeeding poems will be discussed. These poems are created while the Harlem Renaissance movement is flourishing in black American communities. Thus, interpretation in "Harlem" is based on a cultural context, using the propaganda for awareness of the black American culture as its emergent theme. "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," meanwhile, is discussed second to "Harlem" because the former is directly linked to the latter: while "Harlem" centers on the culture of black Americans, "The Negro" focuses on the historical context in which the culture of enslavement and suppression was created and propagated. Lastly, "Dream Variations" is the last poem discussed in the paper because it provides an altogether new angle to Hughes' poetry."
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Langston Hughes, 2004.
A review of the poetry of Langston Hughes.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 0 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, from the perspective of an African-American male, Langston Hughes writes about social struggles and hardships, but also imparts a message of hope for the future of blacks in America. It looks at how several interrelated themes run through the poetry of Langston Hughes, all of which have to do with being black in America and surviving in spite of immense difficulties. Through a review of the poems, ?I, Too, Sing, America?, ?Mother to Son?, and ?The Weary Blues?, it demonstrates how Hughes writes specifically about racial discrimination and about being black in a white-dominated society.
From the Paper
"The soul of the black man or woman in America is tainted by a legacy of racism and intolerance; Hughes captures this unfortunate reality in his poetry. In ?I, Too, Sing America,? Hughes notes that as the ?darker brother,? he has been forced to eat in the kitchen ?when company comes.? Not only is he employed as a servant, but his master humiliates him further through segregation. This is only one small example of the type of segregation that haunted American society in the Jim Crow days. In ?I, Too, Sing America,? Hughes uses this situation as a metaphor for greater racial discrimination in society. Moreover, as the ?darker brother,? Hughes notes that whites perceive blacks in a negative light and use segregation to keep blacks subjugated and shrouded in darkness."
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Ted Hughes?s ?Crow? Poems, 2004.
This paper discusses that Ted Hughes?s "Crow" poems, commencing in the 1960s, use the crow as a metaphor for humanity
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that poets and prophets have traditionally used animal figures to convey criticism of the existing culture, endowing the natural with metaphoric importance. The author points out that Hughes slowly shapes the crow into a sort of prototype for evolved humanity, representing both our worst and best traits. This paper discusses that Hughes?s poems use the crow as a metaphor for humanity. The paper relates that Hughes?s work appears to be that of a human being experiencing the life of a raven-bird; a fallen creature, a trickster, and a graveyard for the bodies of those he eats.
From the Paper
"It is in this poem in particular that one understands how the Crow might be seen as the shadow-self of human kind. He destroys everything around him in an attempt to destroy the ?Black Beast? that the reader at least is becoming aware is the Crow himself. It is quite possible that humanity is the only species, which is its own worst enemy and predator. The greatest threats to humankind come from our own people, as the World Wars would have blatantly shown to Hughes. Repeatedly in the Crow poems, the bird looks at itself and its works in horror and sorrow. One can take examples from ?The Black Beast? in which Crow hunts himself unknowingly in hunting the enemy, or from ?Crow?s Nerve Fails? in which he fully realizes the weight of murders that hang about his shoulders. Yet these are not the only examples."
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Theodore Roethke and Langston Hughes, 2002.
A comparative analysis of poems by Theodore Roethke and Langston Hughes.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Langston Hughes and Theodore Roethke, two contemporary American writers who have been recognized as acclaimed in the same time period, between the late 1930s until the 1950s, wherein most of their poems were published. It analyzes their poetry and discusses the elements used by each in expressing their message within each poem. The poems reviewed are ?My Papa?s Waltz? by Roethke and ?Children?s Rhymes? by Hughes. It examines how these poems depict physical and social abuse, respectively and how in Roethke?s poem, the theme of physical abuse is illustrated by using imagery and the utilization of alliteration, rhyming, symbolism and imagery. It also shows how Hughes? ?Children?s Rhymes? depicts the social discrimination that black Americans receive from their society, which is shown through a playful use of words, parallelism and rhyming.
From the Paper
"Roethke?s poem, ?Papa?s Waltz? is the poet?s story of his own physical abuse as a child. ?My Papa?s Waltz? is a short poem, yet its powerful use of words enabled Roethke to express his inner feelings about his father in the poem. The first stanza of the poem illustrates the presence of danger and violence between the Voice and the father in the poem. The first four lines establish the general character of the father in the poem, who is an alcoholic. The Voice is in danger because of the use of the word ?death? in line 3, and his apparent discomfort about his father?s condition is shown in line 4: ?Such waltzing is not easy.? ?Waltzing? is a symbol for the relationship that the Voice had with his father, which is evidently not harmonious, as established by the father?s alcoholism and the child?s discomfort."
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