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The Holocaust and American Action, 2007.
This paper discusses America's failure to act during the Holocaust.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the common perception and image of America and the Allies during the Second World War is one of liberating the world from tyranny and oppression. Further, the writer points out that the image has to a great degree been tarnished by recent historical studies and research findings. The writer then explains that there have been many questions asked about the apparent reticence of the Americans and the British to intervene and help the victims of the Holocaust. The writer concludes that the fact that there was little real action on the part of the American government to prevent the Holocaust is not disputed by most historians. However, what is not clear are the reasons for this inaction or apparent lack of concern.
From the Paper
"These assertions pertain to the fact that the Allies had knowledge of the holocaust and of the German concentration camps long before the end of the War. Questions have been raised as to why Allies and America did not do more to prevent these crimes or at least retard their progression. Answers to these questions have led to a certain amount of controversy and have not reflected well on the policies or government of the time."
"Scholarship leaves little doubt that knowledge of the crimes against Jews in Europe was well known to the Allies at an early date."
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The Holocaust and American Jewry, 2006.
This paper examines the effects of the Holocaust on American Jews and how this atrocity has in large come to replace spirituality and traditional Judaic knowledge among assimilated Jews in the U.S.
1,694 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper uses numerous and varying sources in explaining how American Jews were affected by the Holocaust by stating how their distance from the event compounds the difficulty of writing about the tragedy, both geographically and increasingly, chronologically. The paper also explains why Holocaust literature was not frequently written in America until the 1960s, when there was a sudden awakening of interest due to the Eichmann trial, the publicizing of which made the facts of the Holocaust newly accessible to Americans.
From the Paper
"Nothing remains of the six million Jews and the European culture that died with them. In their places, we have the multitudes of responses from those who lived to bear witness and those who experienced the Holocaust only indirectly. Lawrence Langer delineates the difference between the event and the symbolism, which has since accrued:
For Dachau, like Auschwitz and in a related sense like Hiroshima, is no
longer merely a place-name with grim historical associations for those who care to pursue them. All three have been absorbed into the collective memory of the human community as independent symbols of a quality of experience more subtle, complex, and elusive than the names themselves can possibly convey."
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"American Holocaust", 2002.
A review of the book "American Holocaust American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" by historian David Stannard.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how David Stannard, in his book "American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" describes the European settlement in America as the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world, focusing on how the native Indian population were all but wiped out by white settlement. It evaluates how the author?s thesis is that the perpetrators of the American holocaust based their actions on the same Christian ideology as those of the Nazi holocaust. It looks at how Stannard uses a variety of historical evidence to argue his thesis including newspapers, Congressional records and the journal entries of European settlers. It also analyzes how the author makes a strong argument for his case and how he makes a distinct the bias against the white settlers, with their actions seeming to be emphasized more than is necessary and them being presented as racist.
From the Paper
"While the research is thorough, it does appear that Stannard is biased towards presenting the Indian population as better than the white people. In the first part of the book, Stannard describes the rich culture and the attitude of the native Indians. Stannard argues that they are a kind and generous people. This includes the argument that the Indian population were probably open to working with the white people, but were not given the opportunity. Stannard provides anecdotes to make this point. This includes stories such as one where a tribe low on food met another tribe without food. The first tribe shared their goods with the second tribe. By using such anecdotes, the author suggests that the Indians are the better people. This anecdote also compares the Indians with the white settlers. The Indians were able to accept another tribe as their own people, while the Americans were biased against those with differences. This is a common argument the author makes, often referring to the white settlers as racist."
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American Support of the Holocaust, 2002.
An examination of U.S. involvement in the Holocaust during World War II.
3,870 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, at a time when the American government refused to open immigration up to the fleeing European Jews, many of the country?s most influential men were actively supporting Hitler. It looks at how American anti-Semitism at the time dominated everything from government agencies to Olympic athletics. It attempts to show how the government of a country, which hosted a network of powerful, anti-Semitic men, would fail to change its own anti-Semitic ways by looking at the some CEOs and major politicians involved with the U.S. side of the German Nazi movement.
From the Paper
"The U.S. Government, IBM, Ford Motor Company, colleges and universities, the Catholic Church and the 1936 U.S. Olympic Team all had influential leaders that manipulated power in a way that not only allowed the Holocaust, but also supported it. Without these men and other Americans, the scale of Hitler?s final solution would not have been possible. Because of personal beliefs and actions, powerful organizations played influential roles in the United States, but often what they were doing was contrary to the pro-Allied and pro-Jew stance America was believed to have taken. These men and their organizations sometimes remained neutral to Hitler, but were more often actively supporting his final solution."
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Pre-Holocaust and Post-Holocaust Jewish Literature, 2004.
Looks at how the Holocaust has affected Jewish literature by comparing short stories about similar subjects.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the content and tone of two short stories, "If Not Higher" by I.L. Peretz and "?The Kozshenitser Rebe? by Binyamin Orenshtayn, in an effort to determine if the authors were affected by the Holocaust and the great wars that took place between the time the two stories were written. The paper concludes that the authors were indeed affected by these events, as was Jewish literature in general, and, by comparing the literature, we can see a shift from a religious and faith centered approach to life to a socially motivated and political approach to life.
From the Paper
"The Yiddish short story ?If Not Higher? by I.L. Peretz was published in Warsaw in 1900, decades before the holocaust. Fifty years later, the short supposedly true story of ?The Kozshenitser Rebe? was published in Yiddish by Orenshtayn in a book of memorials to Jewish leaders. Both stories tell of the behavior of a specific (assumably Hassidic) rebe on an important Jewish holiday. However, apart from this basic similarity, these two stories are radically different. This may be partly a function of having different authors and of coming from different historical areas. However, if the differences between style and content with these two works is indicative not of the personal styles of the authors, then one is left with another option: namely that the striking differences between these two works is a result of the holocaust and the slaughter of the Jewry of Eastern European. If these two works are representative of the short story genre before and after the holocaust, then it appears that this traumatic event may have drastically changed the way that Eastern European Jews view themselves and their culture."
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Robert Abzug's "America Views the Holocaust, 1933-1945", 2001.
This paper reviews the Robert Abzug book "America Views the Holocaust, 1933-1945."
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This book review gives Azug's historical documentation on America's role during the holocaust. It examines the context precluding the holocaust in European anti-Semitism, and how America sometimes ignored the truth during the holocaust.
From the paper:
"This book allows us to examine what exactly Americans knew about the Holocaust while it was happening and what and when did the United States and Americans know about Hitler?s horrific Final Solution? It asks Americans to ask themselves why was there no intervention by linking historical narrative to primary, contemporary sources. Abzug both chronicles the events in Nazi Germany and examines the resurgence of anti-Semitism across the world, linking the tightening of immigration policies in the United States to fears of contamination by lesser races ? a philosophy not that different from Hitler?s own."
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The Holocaust, 2001.
This is a review of some of the major publications on the subject of the Holocaust.
4,565 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at several books that have been written about what the world knew about the Holocaust and what was or wasn't done with that information. The author looks at David Wyman's book, "Abandonment of the Jews and Peter Novick's book "The Holocaust in American Life," which deal with what and when the United States knew about the Holocaust and why it did not do anything with the information it had. It also looks at the writings of Walter Laquer, Martin Gilbert and Raul Hilberg, who detail the information that was coming out of Europe during WWII. The author examines the information, its sources, and traces what was done with it, once it was documented by the Americans. The message that the author is trying to convey is that everyone knew, but did nothing. The question of why they did nothing, is the central theme of this position paper.
From the Paper
"Initially, Novick points out, the Holocaust was viewed as a part of history, an aspect of the barbarism that prevailed during the period, but it was turned into a myth, the bearer of ?eternal truths? not bound by historical circumstances; it came to symbolize the natural and inevitable terminus of anti-Semitism. The Holocaust, came to symbolize the impasse of modern society and its moral collapse. Novick emphasizes that these views were compounded by a generally rightward shift by better-off Jews from the social activism of a previous era, arising from the general income gap developing within society as a whole. ?By the 1970s, Jews were preeminent among the ?haves? in American society and the gap between Jews and non-Jews, in income as well as in representation in all elite positions, widened over subsequent decades. For a large number of Jews, they had everything to lose and nothing to gain from the more equal distribution of rewards which had been the aim of liberal social policies. It ceased to be true that Jews were markedly more liberal than other Americans of similar age, education and income when it came to bread and butter issues.? (Novick, 1999) A systematic effort was made to instill the memory of the holocaust because the Jewish identity had to be maintained and nurtured."
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Romanies: True Victims of the Holocaust, 2005.
The Romani involvement in the Holocaust is discussed along with their pre-war and post war treatment. Arguments are reviewed regarding their status as true victims of the Holocaust.
5,161 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
A thorough research paper that discusses the treatment of the Roma (Gypsies) during the Holocaust, and the controversy that surrounds the way they are remembered in the Holocaust. The paper details the Nazi logic leading to the Holocaust, the targets of the Holocaust and the arguments of the debate on whether or not Romanies should be considered true victims of the Holocaust.
Paper Outline:
Background
Leading up to the Holocaust
Nazi Logic
Targets of the Holocaust
The Holocaust
Treatment of Jews and Roma during the Holocaust
Post World War Two Treatment
Roma Minimization in the Holocaust
Holocaust Controversy
From the Paper
"Proponents of Roma exclusion as victims of the Holocaust point to the overall death rates as proof that the Roma were not targeted for total annihilation. Research by Brenda and James Lutz offers an explanation for the discrepancy in the number of deaths. They attribute the difference in death counts to location. Their research has found that in areas under direct Nazi control, Gypsies and Jews were eliminated in equal proportions. The difference in death counts are found in areas that were not under direct occupation by the Nazis. Fortunately for the Roma, the majority lived in such places were the government refused to cooperate in the Nazis plane to eliminate the Gypsies and Jews."
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The Holocaust's Affects on America, 2002.
An examination of ways in which the Holocaust and the Second World War affected America - directly and indirectly.
1,982 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ways that American society and culture was affected by the Holocaust. It explains how at first the Americans thought they would be spared the horrors of this war, but how towards the end they were as deeply involved in witnessing the attrocities as the other Allies. It explains how the American public received the news of the concentration camps, how the war affected American-Jewish relationships and its relationship with Germany after the war.
From the Paper
"Nazi Germany?s rule led to the death of millions of European Jews. While World War II began as a European War, American eventually got into the act as an ally. By the end of the War, America was rolling its tanks into the concentration camps of the Nazis, all across Eastern Europe, freeing concentration camp prisoners and experiencing firsthand eyewitness accounts that were indescribable and utterly inhumane."
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Representative Action, 2003.
A law paper providing a definition and discussion of the term "representative action", also known as class action.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining the concept of representative proceedings or actions. It then discusses the procedural aspects of commencing a procedural action. This is followed by a discussion of the benefits to both the applicant and respondent regarding representative actions and what the limitations of such proceedings are. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the future of representative actions.
From the Paper
"The popular term, Class Action, is better defined in the Australian Jurisdictions as a Representative proceeding, a proceeding in which a defined party (or parties), will bring an action as plaintiff on behalf of a group, of seven or more members , where the group has an issue arising out of common circumstances , giving rise to a common question of law or fact. The legislative provisions Part IVA are mirrored by the Judgement of Mchugh J in Carnie , where his honour held;
?In my opinion, a plaintiff and the represented persons have "the same interest" in legal proceedings when they have a community of interest in the determination of any substantial question of law or fact? "
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Affirmative Action, 2002.
This paper discusses the education component of Affirmative Action, a social action program of President Johnson?s ?War on Poverty? that attempted to counterbalance minority injustices by increased opportunities for minorities.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper states that affirmative action was never intended to give prospective students a significant advantage based solely on racial origin. The author feels that affirmative action has had a negative effect on both minority and non-minority students and should be discontinued. The paper recommends that educational inequalities should be rectified before students get to college.
From the Paper
"However, some California university officials have responded by seeking ways to get around Proposition 209. They now use an admission policy called ?comprehensive review.? (Williams, 2002) Under this new admissions policy, the personal circumstances of all students are considered, ostensibly without regard to race. If a student has faced significant hardship in his or her life, the student is given extra consideration for admission."
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The Holocaust, 2005.
This paper discusses the Holocaust, racism at the extreme and compares it with the historical treatment of African-Americans.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the parallelism between the Germans and Americans in their fight to keep a race not only down but also tortured is profound; both countries harbored feelings of ethnocentrism, believing that their own race was superior to others. The author points out that people argue that America's treatment of its minorities would never result in genocide; however, Americans must remember that, even though their discrimination may not appear to be as extreme, it is still victimizing African-Americans and minorities: Minorities in America still do not have the same opportunities as the white man. The paper concludes that education is the only thing that will eliminate ignorance and allow a peaceful ending for Americans.
From the Paper
"For centuries in Europe the Jews have been discriminated against by Christians. All of it stems from a difference in religious beliefs and actions. According to many scholars of anti-Semitism, "In the minds of anti-Semites, Jews represent mysterious, mythical, and evil forces; are all-powerful; and play a sinister role in world history" (Microsoft Encarta "Holocaust" 1). Furthermore, some Christians blamed the Jews for crucifying Jesus Christ. The Bible of the Christians teaches that the purpose of Jesus Christ was to come and take the sins of the world as his own and be the ultimate sacrifice. Therefore, there is not any rational thought in being upset at the Jews because they were only fulfilling prophecy. These Christians were using the Bible when it was convenient for them and not being thorough in their research."
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Action Research: Origins and Applications, 2008.
An analysis of the action research, and the role of teachers in educational history.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 25 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the subject of action research, a term that is used to describe a continuum of activities that focus on research, planning, theorizing, learning and development, and involves a continuous process of research and learning in the researcher's long-term relationship with a problem. This paper reviews the action research and the different cultures of inquiry. An examination of the origins of action research is followed by a discussion concerning how action research fits with the educational system. An analysis of the role action research has played in educational history and the role of teachers is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Types of Action Research
Goals and Contributions of Action Research
Action Research Steps
Data Collection Methods for Action Researchers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the framework illustrated in Figure 1 above is clear and consistent with basic action research and experiential learning premises, is remains inadequate to specifically address the complex context and requirements of contemporary educational research by distinguishing experiment design and planning from action and data collection (McPherson & Nunes, 2004). These authors maintain that these research stages should be separated from data analysis, interpretation and dissemination, and offer an eight-stage framework developed by Cohen, Manion and Morrison (2000) that provides a much better support for education researchers."
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A Holocaust Memoir, 2006.
This paper reviews Abram and Joseph Korn's "Abe's Story: A Holocaust Memoir", a story not only of murderous actions and mass genocide but also a story of survival.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after Abram Korn's death in 1972, his son Joseph began compiling and editing his father's writings to be published as a reminder to the world of the atrocities which occurred during the Holocaust and to serve as an example of his father's will, determination and human strength. The author points out that the story relates the survival of Abram Korn, who, during the entire war, was a Jewish prisoner inside various ghetto's, concentration and work camps and the Death March from Auschwitz. The paper relates details of his life during the Holocaust, from the daily life inside the ghetto, which called for extreme patience with extremely long lines to get food, water and even to be buried, to, finally, after many concentration camps, the afternoon of April 11, 1945, when out of the blue, Abram heard singing coming from outside his barracks and soon witnessed German solders being bound together and brought in front of the prisoners, helpless for the first time.
From the Paper
"In the early morning hours of September 1, 1939, Abram Korn, along with many Polish citizens, was awoke by the sound of air raid sirens as Hitler's air force, the Luftwaffe, began their invasion of Poland marking the start of WWII. "Even though the number of injured in this initial attack was relatively small, the bombing foreshadowed a war that would destroy millions of people and would touch uncounted lives with misery" (Korn). Soon after the invasion Abram and his family were deported from Lipno to the Kutno Ghetto."
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