| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "HIV TESTING": |
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HIV Testing for Women, 2007.
This paper presents a study about HIV testing for women.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a study about women and HIV testing, with an emphasis on the research methods used. The primary method of analysis used for this qualitative research was a literature survey. The paper further discusses HIV in women, including prevention. The author presents other aspects of the study, including how women were recruited from a clinic and asked questions in order to understand their experience of initial HIV testing. The author offers criticism of the study at several points. The paper concludes stating the limits of the research design.
From the Paper
"The research begins by noting how many testing centers are trying to follow the goals set by the Department of Health and Human Services, as published in 2000. This procedure includes a counseling component to increase awareness of HIV status and of how to prevent HIV iunfection. One element that seems to increase testing and proper use of the results is anonymity in testing. Still, the authors find a need to understand the factors that influence women seeking such tests."
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Mandatory HIV Testing, 2005.
This paper discusses mandatory HIV testing for pregnant women.
2,315 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that many pregnant women infected with HIV/AIDS may not be aware of the harm they could be doing to their offspring because their babies also may be infected by the virus before or during birth. The author stresses that mandatory HIV testing is essential for pregnant mothers because, if they are infected with HIV, treatment is available to help prevent their babies from becoming infected. The paper relates that HIV not only can be passed to unborn babies through the placenta by exposure to blood and body fluids during labor and delivery, but also babies can get the virus from the breast milk of infected mother.
From the Paper
"Babies from HIV-infected pregnant women are given the ELISA and Western blot tests after birth. However, because of the mother's antibodies to HIV are passed on to the baby, the test results are not always completely precise. If a newborn's tests are negative, she cannot be sure that the child is not infected with HIV until many months later. She will need to have her baby tested again after several months regardless of whether they are infected. Infant HIV testing should be done as soon after birth as possible so appropriate treatment interventions can be implemented quickly, also. Babies infected with HIV may not have symptoms until they are about 9 months old, and will develop symptoms before they are 1 year old."
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Mandatory Premarital HIV Testing, 2002.
The pros and cons of premarital AIDS testing, testing which would be required of all persons seeking a marriage license.
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies several factors in the debate over premarital AIDS testing, including the costs of testing versus the benefits, the fact that people seeking marriage licenses are generally a low-risk population, and the issue of confidentiality associated with this type of testing. The paper argues against premarital testing and refutes several common arguments in favor of testing.
From the Paper
"There are several convincing arguments in favor of premarital testing, but the disadvantages in this case far outweigh the few advantages. One common argument made in support of premarital testing is that it might be able to prevent transmission of HIV by identifying infected persons and warning their prospective spouses."
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HIV Testing, 1993.
Types (antibody, antigen), detection, effectiveness, techniques, false results and confirmatory tests.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, £ 39.95
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From the Paper
" HIV Testing
The causative agent in the present acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV exists in various forms, including HIV.1 and HIV.2. A number of laboratory tests are currently available for their detection.
HIV is a complex retrovirus of the lentivirus subgroup. It contains two copies of single.stranded viral RNA (1:305). The HIV genome contains structural genes that encode the proteins of the whole virus particle as well as replicative enzymes. The retrovirus also contains at least eight additional regulatory and accessory genes that regulate its life cycle (1:306).
Within about 4 to 6 weeks of initial HIV infection there is a period of viremia without detectable antibodies (1:306)..."
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AIDS, Pregnancy and Mandatory Testing, 2002.
An overview of the HIV/AIDS virus among pregnant mothers and the need to introduce mandatory testing.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of HIV among pregnant mothers and newborn infants. The extent and nature of the problem are defined and its consequences are outlined. Mandatory testing of all pregnant women for HIV/AIDS is recommended in the conclusion.
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to test the effectiveness of two programs to prevent transmission of HIV to adolescent populations.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of this study is to assess interventions to decrease adolescent risky sexual behaviors and to increase HIV prevention practices.The author points out that HIV transmission among the adolescent population is much too high and adds to the incidence of AIDS among adults and to the costs of that disease to society. The paper relates that the two methods to be tested, which are part of different types of educational program on HIV and prevention, are abstinence and methods for safe sex.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this study is to assess interventions to decrease adolescent risky sexual behaviors and to increase HIV prevention practices. Two research questions are to be examined. The first is, how effective are these interventions (abstinence, safer sex) over time in reducing risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission for this population group. The second is, what are the effects on education on preventing risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission in the adolescent population. Several different programs have been developed as interventions to prevent teenagers from taking risky behavior. Such programs are often educational in nature, trying to impart information and so gain acceptance of safe sex or abstinence, which are also suggested by the lessons. Certainly, preventing HIV transmission among adolescents affects the educational experience by keeping these young people in school and by avoiding the sort of difficulties faced by them and their classmates when HIV becomes a more common disease."
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HIV Risk Prevention, 2002.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to explore HIV risk prevention by educating minority adolescents.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 49 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This study asks if an interactive school-based HIV/AIDS prevention/education program for multi-ethnic urban seventh and eighth graders can increase their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, promote positive attitudes towards people with AIDS and encourage the desire for changes in the high risk behavior. The paper states that this research is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), introduced by Fishbein in 1967 and suggests that a person?s attitude toward any object is a function of his or her belief about the object and the evaluative aspects of those beliefs. The author proposes that an HIV educational program intervention will be used with a design consisting of a pre-test and post-test evaluation of an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS prevention to seventh and eighth grade students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Framework
Research Question/Hypothesis
Methodology
Research Design
Research Sample
Independent Variable
Research Results
Implications for Family/
Community Health Nurse Practitioners
Implications for Target Population/Community
Summary
Appendix
From the Paper
"In the United States, HIV/STD infections are prevalent among the African Americans, and the Latinas in urban and rural areas especially in districts where the unemployment rate is high and impoverished families cannot send their children to school. Out-of-school youth ages 12-19 are most stricken and while efforts are being heightened and the federal government and other funding organizations are helping, HIV/STD cases still exist and programs don?t seem to work out at all."
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HIV/AIDS Mitigation, 2008.
This paper examines good governance in the prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, specifically as evidenced in the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga City, a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines.
6,910 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS has to be made integral to any development endeavor aimed at improving the lives and well-being of citizens of the world. The author points out that the United Nations acknowledges that good governance has to be integrated into the creation and management of institutions, processes and programs aimed at beating the targets set forth in the "Millennium Declaration of 2000". The paper reviews and analyzes the present and future scenario of HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation in the Philippines and identifies some elements of intervention needed to operationalize a strategy for good governance. The author underscores that the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga city is built around improved capacities for public administration and civil service, decentralization in delivery of services, transparency and accountability, expanded role of civil-society, and the centrality of participation grounded on the rule of law and human rights.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Pro-Poor Policy Framework
Public Administration and Civil Services
Decentralization and Delivery of Services
Accountability and Transparency Situations and Context of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Socio-Economic Impact of HIV Aids
Participatory Approach
Cultural and Moral Dimensions
Grounding Development
Mobilizing the Cultural Resources
Key Lessons in Good Governance from the United Nations
Case in Point: Zamboanga City HIV/AIDS Program
Public-Civil Society Partnership
Organization and Management
Community-Oriented/ Community Based
Innovative Optimized Use of Infrastructure Support
Livelihood Assistance
Financial Resources
Lessons from HIV/Program Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, a critical requisite for achieving the MDG's is a conducive and coherent policy framework. This involves first, the contextualization of the goals by each country, and down to identifying sectoral concerns and on to effective local responses. Responses and interventions to HIVAIDS entails a national policy framework that provides for effective decentralization of action and one that effectively coordinate implementation and resource mobilization as well as achieve a critical mass of support from the public in a much cost effective way. The policy framework to be pro-poor means, that it recognizes the social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS and seeks to integrate social and economic interventions to mitigate the spread of the infection and disease."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
Presents background information on HIV and AIDS and preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the spread of HIV.
3,116 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper presents statistics on the number of people in the world with HIV, where most of those people reside, and who is susceptible to contracting the disease. The paper also explains the difference between HIV and AIDS, how HIV is contracted, and the best methods of preventing the transmission of HIV.
From the Paper
"It is a myth that only homosexual men and promiscuous women are susceptible to contracting HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This very serious disease does not discriminate. In fact, HIV can be contracted by anyone. Because it can happen to anyone, HIV should be understood by everyone. Everyone can do something to help stop the spread of HIV."
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AIDS/HIV Patients and Health Care, 2002.
A thorough examination of health care for HIV and AIDS patients and a review of the literature relevant to access to care, quality of care and funding.
9,785 words (approx. 39.1 pages), 46 sources, MLA, £ 141.95
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Abstract
A research study is proposed that investigates the experiences of HIV/AIDS patients with health insurance. The specific problem that is investigated concerns variations between HIV/AIDS patients and non HIV/AIDS patients in relation to denial of coverage, premium levels and experimental drug approval. Literature is reviewed is support of the proposed research study. The major bodies of literature reviewed are those related to access to care for HIV/AIDS patients, the quality of care received by HIV/AIDS patients and health care funding, especially as such funding applies to HIV/AIDS care and research and with a further emphasis on future funding prospects.
Introduction
Access to Care for HIV/AIDS Patients
Bioethical Issues
Social Psychological Influences
Effects of Managed Care on Health Care Access for HIV/AIDS Patients
Quality of Care Received by HIV/AIDS Patients
HIV/AIDS Funding
The Welfare State
Summary of the Literature Review
References
From the Paper
"A critical factor affecting access to necessary health care for HIV/AIDS patients is health care insurance coverage. Approximately 60-percent of the American population is covered by private health care insurance programs (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). Most of these programs?the very great majority?are either fully or partly funded by employers, while the remainder of such programs is funded fully by the covered individuals and families. For the remaining 40 percent of the population, the delivery of health care services is dealt with in a variety of ways, as follows: (1) for approximately 25 percent of the population, health care services are funded by the federal government, primarily through the Medicaid and Medicare programs; (2) approximately five-percent of the population, both individuals and families, who for whatever reason do not choose to contract for health care insurance, are in the financial position to pay for health care services at the time of delivery; and (3) approximately 10 percent of the population defer health care services to the point where they can non longer be deferred, at which time they typically enter the health care system as emergency patients (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). As emergency patients, their care is more expensive than it would have been if treated earlier, and the care is either (1) paid by government or charity or (2) results in charges to the patients and their families that they seldom have any hope of ever paying. In the latter case, caregivers, typically public hospitals, must absorb the losses.
When all is said and done, approximately 12 percent of the country?s population is without any formal health care insurance coverage (Minahan, 1999; Rosen, Fanshel, & Lutz, 1999), although some estimates of this proportion are higher. Further, in most cases, such individuals are not in a financial position to fund such services as required. With the size of the American population established at approximately 273 million by the 1999 census estimate (Population Reference Bureau, 2000), the 12 percent without formal health care insurance translates into approximately 33 million people."
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HIV-AIDS and Africa, 2005.
An analysis of HIV/AIDS in Africa and treatment and prevention strategies that are under development.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses HIV/AIDS both in general terms and in relation to the dynamic HIV/AIDS has created across the African continent. The paper examines, in depth, the cause, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. It gives emphasis to testing, treatment, and prevention strategies currently employed and under development; primarily adjusting antiretroviral treatment strategies. Finally, it briefly examines how HIV/AIDS has changed and is changing the demographic structure across Africa and some reasons why HIV/AIDS is so prevalent in that region.
From the Paper
"AIDS/HIV and Africa HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Overview HIV or human immunodeficiency virus is a virus in a group of viruses called retroviruses and destroys cells in the body called CD4 T-cells. CD4 T-cells are a type of a white blood cell or a lymphocyte which are part of the body's immune system. These cells are vital to protect the body against various bacteria, viruses and other forms of infecting agents (Freiberg). AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a term which covers the range of infections and illnesses resulting from a weakened auto immune system caused by HIV. This distinction is important; one can be HIV positive and not to be suffering from AIDS (Freiberg). Most often there exists a lengthy period of time, usually several years, from first being infected with HIV, and the development of infections and other AIDS related issues."
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Health Care for HIV/AIDS Patients, 2002.
A review of the literature relevant to access to care, quality of care and funding for HIV and AIDS patients.
9,674 words (approx. 38.7 pages), 51 sources, MLA, £ 139.95
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Abstract
The difficulty of HIV/AIDS patients in acquiring adequate and equitable health care coverage is examined. The specific problem that is investigated concerns variations between HIV/AIDS patients and non HIV/AIDS patients in relation to denial of coverage, premium levels and experimental drug approval. A thorough review of published literature from different fields is conducted in support of this study. This literature is categorized, analyzed and collected as a unified body. Conclusions about the meaning of the various reviewed studies are presented. The primary conclusions of this study are the needs for portability and true universality in health care for all, as well as guarantees that expensive and experimental treatments will be covered. The writer explains that such changes would benefit not only HIV/AIDS patients, but all Americans as well.
Abstract
The Problem
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose to the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Review of the Literature
Access to Care for HIV/AIDS Patients
Bioethical Issues
Social Psychological Influences
Effects of Managed Care on Health Care Access for HIV/AIDS Patients
Quality of Care Received by HIV/AIDS Patients
HIV/AIDS Funding
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A critical factor affecting access to necessary health care for HIV/AIDS patients is health care insurance coverage. Approximately 60-percent of the American population is covered by private health care insurance programs (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). Most of these programs?the very great majority?are either fully or partly funded by employers, while the remainder of such programs is funded fully by the covered individuals and families. For the remaining 40 percent of the population, the delivery of health care services is dealt with in a variety of ways, as follows: (1) for approximately 25 percent of the population, health care services are funded by the federal government, primarily through the Medicaid and Medicare programs; (2) approximately five-percent of the population, both individuals and families, who for whatever reason do not choose to contract for health care insurance, are in the financial position to pay for health care services at the time of delivery; and (3) approximately 10 percent of the population defer health care services to the point where they can non longer be deferred, at which time they typically enter the health care system as emergency patients (Congressional Budget Office, 1999). As emergency patients, their care is more expensive than it would have been if treated earlier, and the care is either (1) paid by government or charity or (2) results in charges to the patients and their families that they seldom have any hope of ever paying. In the latter case, caregivers, typically public hospitals, must absorb the losses. "
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Immunobiology and HIV, 2008.
An analysis of the mechanisms involved in HIV infection and the role of chemokines in suppression of HIV replication.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between immunobiology and HIV. It analyzes the research in an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in HIV infection and in the operation of various related biological effects. The paper then addresses the role of the chemokine MIP-1 beta, among others, in T cell mediated suppression of HIV replication.
From the Paper
"Patke, Green, and Shearer examine the role of beta-chemokines and their chemokine receptor on HIV B lymphocyte function. To test this interaction, the researchers used highly purified normal human B cells from seronegative donors, isolating them by adherence to CD19-coated beads. They then treated IL-4 plus anti-CD40-activated B cells with recombinant gp120 (10 ng/ml) before exposure to beta chemokines or receptor. At that stage, cyclic nucleotide generation was assessed at six hr, DNA synthesis at day threem and IgM production on day seven. Also, cell surface marker expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis using the Coulter EPICS-XL. What the researchers found was that there ia a role for MIP-1 beta and RANTES on the early B cell events of proliferation, cyclic nucleotide generation, and cell surface marker receptor modulation in opposition to the beta chemokine receptor, CCR5. the researchers also note that the ability to regulate early B cell events might be a targeted area in the development of novel designer molecule therapeutic approaches to AIDS, though further research is needed finally to demonstrate this possibility."
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HIV-Risk Behaviors in College Students, 2004.
Discusses the predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
The predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students are assessed through a survey at a Midwestern university. One hundred and thirty-five participants (37 males, and 98 females) assess their HIV-risk behavior through a two-page, self-administered survey during the winter quarter of 2004. This paper shows how the survey assesses five areas: HIV-risk behavior, HIV-risk knowledge, HIV-risk reduction, HIV-risk reduction behavioral skill, and demographic characteristics. Through these five areas, survey administrators are able to assess the relationship between information, motivation and skills, and their risk-reduction behavior, as based on the IMB Model. The paper shows that, through statistical evaluation, it is established that participants who report greater motivation to avoid HIV infection also reported more frequent condom use. Further analysis also shows that women reported greater risk-reduction motivation, as well as better risk-reduction behavioral skills.
From the Paper
"Further exploration may include the assessment of high-risk behavior through other models, such as the Health Belief Model, developed in the early 1950?s. Such a model was developed, similar to the IMB Model, to predict the likelihood of one taking preventative action against health risks (Hollar & Snizek, 1996). Future investigation might also incorporate a treatment within the study. The current study found that a greater motivation to avoid HIV infection resulted in a reported more frequent condom use. Though, perhaps with a treatment containing information on high HIV-risk behavior, the simple act of prevention through condom use, and facts and figures regarding the high AIDS rate within the college population, a follow-up survey assessment would find increased motivation to avoid HIV and a lower rate of risky behaviors within the participants."
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