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HIV Preventive Behaviors, 2004.
Critiques a paper about measures women can take to protect themselves from HIV once they reenter the sexual arena after long-term monogamous relationships.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques a 2001 report entitled "Negotiation of HIV Preventive Behaviors in Divorced and Separated Women Reentering the Sexual Arena." The paper examines the justification of the methodology used in the report and the method used for recruiting subjects for the study. The paper contends that the conclusions drawn in the report may not be reliable.
From the Paper
"The phenomenon being studied in the report "Negotiation of HIV Preventive Behaviors in Divorced and Separated Women Reentering the Sexual Arena" was clearly stated and delineated by the author. The author wanted to look at how women who had been in long-term monogamous relationships which had ended in separation or divorce, handled discussing preventive measures against HIV and STDs with men once they resumed sexual activity after the breakup of their monogamous relationship."
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HIV Risk Prevention, 2002.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to explore HIV risk prevention by educating minority adolescents.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 49 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This study asks if an interactive school-based HIV/AIDS prevention/education program for multi-ethnic urban seventh and eighth graders can increase their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, promote positive attitudes towards people with AIDS and encourage the desire for changes in the high risk behavior. The paper states that this research is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), introduced by Fishbein in 1967 and suggests that a person?s attitude toward any object is a function of his or her belief about the object and the evaluative aspects of those beliefs. The author proposes that an HIV educational program intervention will be used with a design consisting of a pre-test and post-test evaluation of an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS prevention to seventh and eighth grade students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Framework
Research Question/Hypothesis
Methodology
Research Design
Research Sample
Independent Variable
Research Results
Implications for Family/
Community Health Nurse Practitioners
Implications for Target Population/Community
Summary
Appendix
From the Paper
"In the United States, HIV/STD infections are prevalent among the African Americans, and the Latinas in urban and rural areas especially in districts where the unemployment rate is high and impoverished families cannot send their children to school. Out-of-school youth ages 12-19 are most stricken and while efforts are being heightened and the federal government and other funding organizations are helping, HIV/STD cases still exist and programs don?t seem to work out at all."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
Presents background information on HIV and AIDS and preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the spread of HIV.
3,116 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper presents statistics on the number of people in the world with HIV, where most of those people reside, and who is susceptible to contracting the disease. The paper also explains the difference between HIV and AIDS, how HIV is contracted, and the best methods of preventing the transmission of HIV.
From the Paper
"It is a myth that only homosexual men and promiscuous women are susceptible to contracting HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This very serious disease does not discriminate. In fact, HIV can be contracted by anyone. Because it can happen to anyone, HIV should be understood by everyone. Everyone can do something to help stop the spread of HIV."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to test the effectiveness of two programs to prevent transmission of HIV to adolescent populations.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of this study is to assess interventions to decrease adolescent risky sexual behaviors and to increase HIV prevention practices.The author points out that HIV transmission among the adolescent population is much too high and adds to the incidence of AIDS among adults and to the costs of that disease to society. The paper relates that the two methods to be tested, which are part of different types of educational program on HIV and prevention, are abstinence and methods for safe sex.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this study is to assess interventions to decrease adolescent risky sexual behaviors and to increase HIV prevention practices. Two research questions are to be examined. The first is, how effective are these interventions (abstinence, safer sex) over time in reducing risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission for this population group. The second is, what are the effects on education on preventing risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission in the adolescent population. Several different programs have been developed as interventions to prevent teenagers from taking risky behavior. Such programs are often educational in nature, trying to impart information and so gain acceptance of safe sex or abstinence, which are also suggested by the lessons. Certainly, preventing HIV transmission among adolescents affects the educational experience by keeping these young people in school and by avoiding the sort of difficulties faced by them and their classmates when HIV becomes a more common disease."
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Condom Use for HIV Prevention in Females, 2004.
Study on women's readiness to use condoms and the need to promote the use of condoms to help prevent HIV infection in females.
1,801 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This research study investigates single, urban women?s readiness to use condoms and the perceived pros and cons for condom use. The paper also stresses the importance of nursing interventions for HIV prevention and suggests that interventions should focus on women who are in denial or uninterested in condom use to help them accurately assess their risk and consider behavioral changes. The paper also describes interventions that can easily be integrated into routine patient visits. Furthermore, this study attempts to evaluate the effect of childbearing motivation and contraceptive attitudes on consistency of condom use among at-risk women enrolled in an HIV prevention intervention program.
From the Paper
"Single, heterosexual young adult women represent a group increasingly at risk for HIV infection. Condom use remains an important risk reduction behavior. Focusing HIV prevention interventions to only those women ready to use condoms (preparation or action stage) limits the number of women able to be reached. Morrison-Beely and Lewis (2001) suggested that for sexually active single women to use condoms, they need to be moved from precontemplation to contemplation before they will be ready to respond to HIV prevention messages and interventions about condom use. Further, they state that ?Strategies and interventions for condom use in HIV risk reduction should consider not only a woman?s readiness to change, but also the interpersonal and relationship issues linked to a couple?s sexual partnership? (p. 155)."
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HIV Prevention, 2005.
An argument in favor of needle exchange programs to prevent the spread of HIV.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper argues in favor of public policy to implement needle exchange programs in order to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV and AIDS. The paper also presents opposing views. The paper concludes with an examination of why the U.S. is one of few nations to oppose support for needle exchange programs.
From the Paper
"In the face of America's long held belief that prohibition is the only way to combat drug use in this country, there is an additional fear that is involved in being a junkie. This fear being the contraction of HIV...."
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HIV-Risk Behaviors in College Students, 2004.
Discusses the predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
The predicting factors of HIV-risk behavior in college students are assessed through a survey at a Midwestern university. One hundred and thirty-five participants (37 males, and 98 females) assess their HIV-risk behavior through a two-page, self-administered survey during the winter quarter of 2004. This paper shows how the survey assesses five areas: HIV-risk behavior, HIV-risk knowledge, HIV-risk reduction, HIV-risk reduction behavioral skill, and demographic characteristics. Through these five areas, survey administrators are able to assess the relationship between information, motivation and skills, and their risk-reduction behavior, as based on the IMB Model. The paper shows that, through statistical evaluation, it is established that participants who report greater motivation to avoid HIV infection also reported more frequent condom use. Further analysis also shows that women reported greater risk-reduction motivation, as well as better risk-reduction behavioral skills.
From the Paper
"Further exploration may include the assessment of high-risk behavior through other models, such as the Health Belief Model, developed in the early 1950?s. Such a model was developed, similar to the IMB Model, to predict the likelihood of one taking preventative action against health risks (Hollar & Snizek, 1996). Future investigation might also incorporate a treatment within the study. The current study found that a greater motivation to avoid HIV infection resulted in a reported more frequent condom use. Though, perhaps with a treatment containing information on high HIV-risk behavior, the simple act of prevention through condom use, and facts and figures regarding the high AIDS rate within the college population, a follow-up survey assessment would find increased motivation to avoid HIV and a lower rate of risky behaviors within the participants."
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HIV/AIDS, 2007.
A proposal for a project on HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents, focusing on the Healthy People 2010 Act.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a project proposal which focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents. The paper discusses how concern for this issue has been mounting because of the high number of HIV infection, particularly among individuals aged 25 years or younger. The paper examines how most of these HIV infections are transmitted through unsafe and irresponsible sexual behavior for this particular age group. The writer proposes that it is of utmost importance to prevent the escalation of HIV/AIDS infection among adolescents through an efficient information management program, achieved via an intensive and interactive sexual education program.
Outline:
I. Statement of the Problem
II. Review of Related Literature
III. Project Objectives
IV. Content Outline & Implementation
V. Significance of the Project
VI. Why This Project Is Innovative
VII.Evaluation Methods
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The establishment of specific demographics of the educational program plan is just the primary step towards its development. In order to make the program an effective one, project planning should also involve methods in which active participation will be elicited as the program progresses to its focal point--informing the participants about responsible sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS infection among adolescents. In addition to addressing HIV/AIDS infection, it is also worthwhile to note that inextricably linked with this health concern is the prevalence of substance abuse and "suicidal ideation" among adolescents who practice irresponsible sexual behavior (Kurtz, 2005:S44)."
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Risky Behaviors, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of high-risk behaviors in individuals diagnosed with HIV.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper describes and provides a critique regarding an article that discusses the role of high-risk behaviors in those diagnosed with HIV, who also possess problems with substance abuse of a variety of types. The paper explains that it is expected that treatment options are a limited factor in the reduction of these risky behaviors in HIV-infected adults.
From the Paper
"The incidence of negative behaviors in individuals that have been diagnosed with HIV is quite extensive in many cases, particularly when there are many existing challenges that these individuals face, including alcoholism and other related problems (Palepu et al., 2004). A wide body of research suggests that there are many concerns regarding high-risk behaviors, such as sexual activity and drug use, which pose a number of problems for these individuals (Palepu et.al, 2004). The following discussion will evaluate the study objectives and the overall effectiveness of this study and its influence on research related to this topic. The proposed study attempted to identify the various risks associated with negative behaviors in those that had been diagnosed with HIV, based upon a prior history of alcoholism within the individual's life (Palepu et al., 2004)."
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HIV/AIDS in America, 2002.
An investigative study on American HIV prevention in an era of false security.
9,314 words (approx. 37.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 136.95
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Abstract
AIDS awareness is best-funded and best-taught in the United States of America. This realization is especially apparent when HIV rates are examined in African countries and some Asian countries such as India. Education levels about sexually transmitted diseases in general ? and funding for prevention and treatment programs ? are very low in many foreign countries. However, recently, for the first time in several years, the incidence of HIV infections has grown in America. Many doctors and health promotion professionals attribute this recent growth to a lifestyle shift in which Americans have grown lax in their concern about AIDS. This paper examines the changes that need to be made, and their relative effects and side effects, from a health promotion perspective to increase awareness of AIDS and HIV in an era when people are once again lowering their guard against the disease. Also, this paper makes recommendations that will contribute to fundamental health promotion ideals in reducing the incidents of the AIDS virus in America. The recommendations are made in the Data Analysis Chapter, and then summarized and listed in the Summary Chapter as well.
Table Of Contents
Chapter 1, Introduction
State The Problem
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2, Methodology
Identify the Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Comment on Validity of Data
Comment on Originality and Limitation of Data
Summary of Methodology
Chapter 3, Review of Related Literature
Chapter 4, Data Analysis
Chapter 5, Summary, Conclusions And Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Of equal concern to this paper?s research will be the fact that so many Americans have HIV but do not know it. These Americans are arguably the most dangerous for the spread of the disease, as they may continue to pursue certain lifestyles that will increase the numbers of HIV patients in America. For instance, as CNN reports, ?According to the CDC, some 900,000 Americans are infected with HIV, and one-third of them -- almost 300,000 -- don't even know it.? And truly, that is where HIV is most dangerous. The symptoms are often negligible (fatigue, fever, sore throat) and attributable to a common cold or other ailment, so HIV positive patients continue to lead there lives in such a manner that they spread the disease because they simply do not know they have it until they develop full-blown AIDS."
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Preventive Hearing Loss, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to study preventive hearing loss programs in the U.S. Army.
6,210 words (approx. 24.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the multiple problems of preventing hearing loss in the army: (1) while the command structure demands the use of hearing protective equipment, the exigencies of military maneuvers might make it difficult for soldiers to comply readily and still carry out their major missions; (2) the loss of army audiologists; and (3) military equipment is even noisier, so that the need for protection is greater than ever before. The author states that, in order to determine what strategies the U.S. Army can take to improve HPD use and concomitantly decrease hearing loss, current instructions and sanctions regarding that issue need to be determined. The paper relates that the research methodology will examine, in one command only, the protocols for issuing HPDs and for ensuring their use, the sanctions imposed for noncompliance, and their auditory history as compared to the Army in general.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
Cost of Hearing Loss
Literature Review and Research Questions
Behavioral Issues
Technical Investigations
Methodology
Appendix A: New Generation Earcups and ANR
Appendix B: Tables of Hearing-Related Issues, U.S. Armed Forces
From the Paper
"If it were not true that the armed forces experiences many departures from perfect adherence to use of protective equipment, then the vast numbers of military audiologists deployed to increase the armed forces? capability for monitoring audiometry would not have been needed. For a long time, ?the Army had more than three times as many military audiologists than the Navy and twice as many as the Air Force. In addition, the Army has had a mainframe database of audiometric records for the last 16 years?.?. However, Ohlin noted that there had been a loss of more than 50 Army military audiologists in the decade before he wrote his report, effectively removing ?the message bearer for hearing conservation and the functional linchpin that in large programs is required to coordinate the implementation of all hearing conservation program elements.? "
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Preventive Health Care in Prison, 2008.
This extensive research paper argues that prison officials must not show a deliberate indifference towards the medical needs of female prisoners.
6,095 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 45 sources, MLA, £ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution and how it has evolved inside the judicial system into the right to preventive healthcare within the prison setting. The author studies diseases such as viral hepatitis and how the justice system has dealt with this disease. This paper discusses human papillomavirus (HPV) and how it can be compared to viral hepatitis types B and C. The author concludes that the standard of deliberate indifference to health care needs in women's prisons requires the United State's justice system to immunize women prisoners to prevent the spread of HPV and cervical cancer. The paper argues that it is now the obligation of the Federal Bureau of Prisons to add to the "Clinical Practice Guidelines" a requirement for mandatory testing for HPV and for immunization with Gardasil for those who are at high risk of HPV.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution
Preventive Healthcare in the General Population
Preventive Healthcare for Federal and State Correctional Populations
Congress' Response to the Threat of Infectious Disease in Prison and its Economic Impact
Guidelines for Federal Correctional Facilities but Just Proposed for States to Adopt
Correctional Facilities Continue to Lack Adequate Preventive Care, Leading to Lawsuits
The Importance of Preventive Healthcare for Infectious Disease Using a Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis
Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Demographics of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Prison
Public Health Responses to Human Papillomavirus Infection
Applying Viral Hepatitis Approaches to HPV
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In "Ruiz v. Johnson", a group of inmates had sued the Director of the Texas Department of Corrections. The plaintiffs alleged that conditions in the correctional facilities violated Eight Amendment protections. Conditions were so extreme that the United States joined in as a plaintiff, against the defendant's resistance. The case includes commentary from Dr. Robertson, an expert in the trial. He stated that he saw two cases of "potentially preventable" cancers where the patients received delay in diagnosis and treatment, causing a negative prognosis. The defendants argued that the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) accredited them and therefore their practices were constitutional."
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Preventive Medicine: Chlamydia, Osteoporosis, 2004.
This paper studies the conditions of chlamydia infection and osteoporosis.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This article includes an overview of the separate medical conditions of chlamydia infection and osteoporosis. At first, the writer presents a general introduction to the chlamydia infection. This is followed by an examination into the symptoms and diagnosis of this medical condition. The writer discusses treatment for the infection and looks into follow up of the treatment. The writer then applies a similar examination to the condition of osteoporosis.
From the Paper
"Chlamydia is a curable sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria called Chlamydia trachomalis. It can be contracted during oral vaginal or anal sexual contact with an infected partner. The bacteria live in vaginal fluid or semen. The infection may move inside the body if not treated and infect the cervix fallopian tubes and urinary canal. It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Chlamydia can sometimes occur without producing symptoms. Symptoms usually occur one to three weeks after infection. There may be an abnormal discharge of mucus ... "
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HIV/AIDS Mitigation, 2008.
This paper examines good governance in the prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, specifically as evidenced in the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga City, a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines.
6,910 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS has to be made integral to any development endeavor aimed at improving the lives and well-being of citizens of the world. The author points out that the United Nations acknowledges that good governance has to be integrated into the creation and management of institutions, processes and programs aimed at beating the targets set forth in the "Millennium Declaration of 2000". The paper reviews and analyzes the present and future scenario of HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation in the Philippines and identifies some elements of intervention needed to operationalize a strategy for good governance. The author underscores that the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga city is built around improved capacities for public administration and civil service, decentralization in delivery of services, transparency and accountability, expanded role of civil-society, and the centrality of participation grounded on the rule of law and human rights.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Pro-Poor Policy Framework
Public Administration and Civil Services
Decentralization and Delivery of Services
Accountability and Transparency Situations and Context of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Socio-Economic Impact of HIV Aids
Participatory Approach
Cultural and Moral Dimensions
Grounding Development
Mobilizing the Cultural Resources
Key Lessons in Good Governance from the United Nations
Case in Point: Zamboanga City HIV/AIDS Program
Public-Civil Society Partnership
Organization and Management
Community-Oriented/ Community Based
Innovative Optimized Use of Infrastructure Support
Livelihood Assistance
Financial Resources
Lessons from HIV/Program Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, a critical requisite for achieving the MDG's is a conducive and coherent policy framework. This involves first, the contextualization of the goals by each country, and down to identifying sectoral concerns and on to effective local responses. Responses and interventions to HIVAIDS entails a national policy framework that provides for effective decentralization of action and one that effectively coordinate implementation and resource mobilization as well as achieve a critical mass of support from the public in a much cost effective way. The policy framework to be pro-poor means, that it recognizes the social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS and seeks to integrate social and economic interventions to mitigate the spread of the infection and disease."
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