| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "HISTORY SURGERY": |
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The History of Surgery, 2004.
Traces the history of surgery from ancient to modern times.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The history of surgery involves the discovery and evolution of medical technology, concepts, and systems, which have their origins dating back thousands of years. This paper shows that while the early considerations of supernatural methods of healing were the standard for the time, work by Hippocrates, Galen, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister helped transform medicine into an implementable science. The course of surgical history involved little change for many centuries, but with the industrial revolutions following the Renaissance, significant developments in aseptic technique for surgical sterility, methods of anesthetic administration, the instruments and computerized technology used in surgery, and the surgical methods themselves have provided modern day patients with innovative systems of surgical treatments that optimize safety and comfort. The paper comments that considering how far medicine and surgical advancements have come, it is unfathomable what the future of surgery holds in store for us.
From the Paper
"In 1867, Joseph Lister, a medical doctor and professor of surgery at Edinburgh in London, determined that methods of scrupulous cleanliness should be followed during a surgical procedure. He employed the use of carbolic or phenic acid in a dressing to destroy the ?floating particles? discovered by Pasteur. Carbolic acid is a volatile organic compound with destructive properties, capable of eliminating lower microbes, which, at the time, was the most powerful form of antiseptic known. Previous to the use of antiseptics it was thought that the inflammatory influences on tissue, coupled with blood decomposition at the site, were the factors motivating tissue decomposition. Thus, eliminating bacteria at the wound or surgical site through the use of antiseptics proved to rule out both the air-exposure theory and the inflammatory tissue consideration."
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Laparoscopic Surgery vs. Gastric Bypass Surgery, 2004.
A critique of an article about laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass surgery.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an extensive critique of a short article about laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass surgery. The paper explains that the article looks at the early postoperative outcomes of the two surgeries, comparing lengths of hospital stays, complications, weight loss, and return to normal activities. The paper concludes that the article is a simple observational study.
From the Paper
"The researchers in this study are looking to see if there is a difference between the early postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery and open gastric bypass surgery. The problem is stated clearly. The problem is important to nursing in that the laparoscopic procedure resulted in shorter hospital stays and in terms of the types of complications seen after the two types of surgeries. The problem was a very simplistic one which merely involved assessing the early outcomes of the two types of procedures and was very..."
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Plastic Surgery, 2007.
A discussion of the pros and cons associated with plastic surgery - in the realm of both reconstructive and cosmetic surgery.
782 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the background of plastic surgery. It looks into both genres of plastic surgery - reconstructive surgery and cosmetic or aesthetic surgery. The paper discusses the pros of plastic surgery, particularly in the realm of reconstructive surgery and then discusses its cons, particularly the medical risks and uncertainties that are associated with it.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background of Plastic Surgery
Plastic Surgery Cons
Plastic Surgery Pros
From the Paper
"Plastic surgery also has several advantages, especially in the area of reconstructive surgery. Reconstructive surgery is used to correct deficiencies that would otherwise have no means of treatment. Reconstructive surgery has made some of the most notable advancements in the area of microsurgery, and can be used to repair birth defects, such as cleft pallets, and internal forms of function. It can also be used to repair injuries suffered in accidents, and has led to saving limbs and restoring joints that otherwise would be irreparable. Burns can be repaired by skin grafting, and facial injuries involving extensive dental repair are common procedures for plastic surgery, that can improve an individual's self esteem as well as their ability to perform usual and normal functions. Additionally, the field of plastic surgery has widely grown, increasing the accuracy of procedures. Finally, as innovations in this area allow plastic surgery to flourish, the restoration of normal human form and function will become safer."
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Benefits of Plastic Surgery, 2008.
This paper discusses the psychological benefits of plastic or cosmetic surgery and argues that they outweigh the health risks.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is common knowledge that many people find it desirable to undergo surgery for facelifts and other kinds of "corrective" surgery. However, the writer points out that what is not perhaps as well known is that many people have "cosmetic" surgery for reasons that go well beyond vanity. Some have plastic surgery to eliminate severe facial deformities; some go under the knife to deal with the erosion of their self-esteem, while others get plastic surgery to repair a bothersome physical feature. This paper takes the position that while there are definitely risks involved in plastic surgery proceedings, in most cases the potential good that came come from the surgery is well worth the medical risk. And further, the writer maintains that the science of corrective surgery has reached the point where the risks are minimized and the results are very worth the risks. Still, it is very important for the patient to do his or her homework prior to going into cosmetic surgery. The material presented in this paper explains why advance research is vital.
From the Paper
"There have been instances in which people undergoing plastic surgery have been injured or killed. Two women died in New York in the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital after undergoing plastic surgery in 2003, Shute explains; the hospital was fined $20,000 for "egregious violations" of safety procedures because of those deaths. In Florida there were eight deaths of plastic surgery patients over an 18-month period in 2003-2004; as a result, Shute continues, the health officials in Florida imposed a three-month ban on surgeries that combine liposuction and tummy tucks. What happens during cosmetic surgery that can cause death? According to this article people can and do get infections, especially when they go abroad to places like the Dominican Republic or Mexico for "cut-rate" surgery; in some foreign countries the attention to sterile, clean surgical conditions is perhaps not as great as it should be."
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Cosmetic Surgery, 2002.
Examines why North American women continue to be the primary targets and consumers of cosmetic surgery.
3,165 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 17 sources, APA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
Throughout history, women have been fed the notion that beauty is all that matters in life. Today, in the 21st century, women are the primary targets of the media industry. The paper shows that media manipulation of women?s perspectives related to their appearance routinely occurs, as media moguls persist to work hand in hand with the cosmetic industry, feeding society with unattainable ideals, encouraging women to mutilate themselves for psychological reasons, often with lethal consequences usually hidden in fine print.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Thesis
History and Ideals of Beauty
Modern Day Cosmetic Surgery as a ?Panacea?, the Cure All for Life?s
Problems
Beauty and Unattainable Ideals
Beauty as a Business Industry
Media and Manipulation
Wrong Reasons for Undergoing Plastic Surgery
Lethal Consequences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Initially, ?cosmetic surgery? was intended and typically reserved as a repair mechanism to assist wounded and deformed soldiers in war. Soldiers returning from WWI with missing limbs and shrapnel torn faces entrusted their appearance to the hands of skilled surgeons of the time. The development of cosmetic surgery received a push for movement from the need to repair gross deformities sustained in WWI to the need to change normal and typical physical appearances. Early surgeons intended cosmetic surgery for surgical repair of congenital or acquired deformities and the restoration of contour to improve the appearance and function of tissue defects (Kazanjian, 250). Today however, cosmetic surgery takes on a whole new meaning, and the players are participating in a totally different ball game. Though many plastic surgeons are still touted and well received for their remarkable abilities to restore dignity to the deformed, cosmetic surgery has also taken on a new meaning. Cosmetic surgery has become a mechanism women have turned to in hopes of changing not just their appearance, but also their life."
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Plastic Surgery in the 1920's, 2002.
This paper examines plastic surgery in the 1920s, the first decade that the idea of plastic surgery became popularized.
1,995 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that modern plastic surgery has its origins in World War I as physicians attempted to return, to some degree of wholeness, the many soldiers who were so terribly mutilated. This paper focuses on plastic surgery with examples of nose and breast reshaping. The author feels that plastic surgery was used mostly not to express women?s essential freedom and modernity but to try to please the men in their lives who still had substantial power over them.
From the Paper
"But, it was even more controversial when performed for cosmetic reasons ? especially when it was performed on women. Women were gaining a great deal of social, political and economic power in the 1920s ? spurred by their having gained the franchise in 1920 ? and the look of the Flapper as the modern woman was seen as threatening to many. Bobbed hair, bobbed skirts and bobbed noses seemed to many people all to be symptoms of the too-great power that women were gaining in society."
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Outsourcing Plastic Surgery, 2006.
A discussion on the pricing dynamics of outsourcing plastic surgery with a focus on "the bundling of surgery" with safaris in Africa.
972 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses consumer behavior dynamics that are starting to emerge from the pervasive outsourcing of services. The paper particularly focuses on the outsourcing of plastic surgery and describes the way in which consumers from wealthier countries fly to South Africa and combine surgery with safari, in order to receive cheaper, but quality services.
From the Paper
"For any business model or even the strategies that support them to survive, there has to be more of a balance between the 4 Ps of marketing which include promotion, place or distribution, and product in addition to price. In fact price is the most volatile and over-used of differentiators in many companies and entire industries. This has been exacerbated by global outsourcing strategies in many industries, with many looking for the 40% reduction in costs to justify moving their services spending, manufacturing operations, or both offshore. Yet pricing cannot sustain a business model for more than several quarters, even in the most commoditized of industries, according to research completed by Marn, Roegner, and Zawada of McKinsey and Company (The Power of Pricing, Pages 27 - 36)."
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Plastic Surgery, 2005.
This paper examines plastic surgery and the risks involved.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses plastic surgery and poses some questions: Is plastic surgery right for you? Why even think about plastic surgery? What are the reasons for someone to have plastic surgery? What are the risks? The paper notes that the number of cosmetic surgeries is rapidly increasing. The paper points out that it is important to consider the risks involved in plastic surgery compared to the benefits of having it. The paper adds that it is also important to check the credential of the plastic surgeon and to interview the surgeon.
From the Paper
"Is plastic surgery right for you? Why even think about plastic surgery? What are the reasons for someone to have plastic surgery? What are the risks? In a recent issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, it shows that only 5% of young college-aged women have plastic surgery (Epidemic of Cosmetic Procedures 81). However, the number of cosmetic surgeries is rapidly increasing. "The number of surgical and nonsurgical cosmetic procedures in the United States increased by 44% in 2004 to a total of nearly 11.9 million" (Cosmetic procedures 50). What are some of the cosmetic surgeries that people have? "Top surgical and nonsurgical cosmetic procedures among all Americans in 2004 included liposuction, Botox, breast augmentation, laser hair removal, eyelid surgery, chemical peel, rhinoplasty, microdermabrasion, face lift and hyaluronic acid" (Cosmetic procedures 50)."
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Cosmetic Surgery and Teens, 2008.
This paper argues against cosmetic surgery for teenagers without parental permission.
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in today's contemporary society, cosmetic surgery is more popular than ever. Studies including those by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons suggest that an increasing number of teenagers and young adults are seeking cosmetic surgery to enhance or change their figure or parts of their body. The writer points out that many are opposed to the concept, suggesting teenagers should not have the choice to utilize cosmetic surgery. This paper argues that teenagers should have access to elective cosmetic surgery when they have their parents' permission, as parents are more likely to be able to understand the potential side effects of surgery and help the patient make a secure and well-thought out decision. The writer maintains that patients that do not have parental consent should not have the option of cosmetic surgery.
From the Paper
"Undoubtedly cosmetic surgery may benefit patients' interpersonal relationships and self-esteem, which ultimately leads to a better quality of life. This is more so the case when the patient suffers from a birth defect or other abnormality that affects their appearance. However, cosmetic surgery is not something to be taken lightly, as for many it can prove very damaging and have long-lasting side effects. Adults undergoing surgery are more likely to make wise decisions because their brains are fully matured and because their bodies have stopped growing."
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Steroids in Surgery, 2006.
A look at corticosteroids, their purpose, description and use in surgery.
2,167 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of corticosteroids. The paper discusses their purpose, recommended dosage and precautions and special conditions regarding their use. The paper also discusses the use of corticosteroids during cardiac surgery by first explaining the surgery itself and some of the risks associated with cardiac surgery and then by looking at how corticosteroids can help the postoperative course of cardiac surgery.
Table of Contents
Recommended Dosage for Corticosteroids
Precautions of Corticosteroids
Special Conditions Concerning Corticosteroids
Side Effects of Corticosteroids
Cardiac Surgery
From the Paper
"Corticosteroid ointments, creams and gels can be absorbed through the skin and travel into the bloodstream. This is not a problem unless large amounts are absorbed. Then, unwanted side effects in other parts of the body are possible. To reduce the chance of that happening, do not spread the medicine over too large an area and do not cover it with plastic wrap, adhesive bandage, or any other type of airtight covering unless told to by your physician."
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Wrong Site Surgery, 2008.
An analysis of the incidence and implications of wrong site surgery.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on wrong site surgery. The paper establishes the scope of wrong site surgery and the issues that pertain to wrong site surgery in the health care community. The paper also establishes the fact that there is a history of wrong site surgeries, with more being evidenced abroad than in the United States. Finally, the paper provides evidence that wrong site surgeries have the ability to negatively impact life, as well as end life that may have flourished.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Description of Problem
Method for Resolution
Objective
Support for Resolution of Problem
From the Paper
"Although there is a concern for law suits, the quality of life of the patient and the trust between the community and the health care system in relation to wrong site surgeries, there must also be a concern for ethics (Kapp, 1998, p. 142). According to Kapp (1998), medical practitioners can create any number of excuses to justify why errors occur in the operating room, but it is the responsibility of all within the health care system to ensure that resolutions to the issue be discovered and implemented to ensure that mistakes are erased (p. 142). It is evident, therefore, that an effective solution must be developed that is ethically sound and that considers the needs of patients above all else."
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The Plastic Surgery Industry, 2001.
This paper studies the development of the plastic surgery industry in the United States.
1,565 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the plastic surgery industry in the United States. It focuses on breast implants and face lifts. It describes the history of the field and discusses the current techniques. The paper contends that cosmetic surgery has become a multi-billion dollar industry and involves many more average Americans than stars and wealthy patients. The industry is thriving despite the controversy over the breast implant surgery and the future looks very profitable. The paper concludes that the industry of plastic surgery will continue to thrive and prosper in the future, especially in the United States.
From the Paper
"Until several decades ago plastic surgery was reserved for the very wealthy and Hollywood movie stars. They would go into hiding, and come out a few weeks later looking younger than they did before. Everyone knew something had been lifted or tucked but it was rarely vocalized in public. Then the breast implant market hit the scene and the plastic surgery industry exploded into a Mecca of revenue and business. Women between 18 and 80 were rushing to have their breasts enlarged. Once this became an accepted practice it was not long before the ?average? person was taking vacation time from work to have a face-lift. Cosmetic surgery has become a multi-billion dollar industry and involves many more average Americans than stars and wealthy patients. The industry is thriving even given the controversy over the breast implant surgery and the future looks very profitable. "
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Gastric Bypass Surgery, 2005.
This paper explores whether gastric bypass surgery is a safe alternative to diet and exercise.
3,138 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the universal struggle with weight and why it is happening. The paper focuses on gastric bypass surgery as an option for the severely obese, whose weight has a direct effect on their health. The paper describes the types of gastric bypass surgery available and includes two diagrams. The paper looks at the effects, dangers, benefits and costs of the surgery. The paper provides interviews with people who have undergone the procedure and maintains that gastric bypass surgery is clearly a reasonable solution to extreme obesity.
From the Paper
"Nearly two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight, and over thirty percent are obese, according to the data from the1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES). The difference between overweight and obese is overweight refers to excess body weight compared to set standards and may include muscle, bone, fat, and body water; where obese refers specifically to having an abnormally high proportion of body fat. A bodybuilder might be considered overweight because they have a considerable amount of muscle, but little to no body fat. In most instances however, people who are overweight are also obese."
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Facial Surgery, 2006.
A discussion regarding how the world today perceives facial surgery.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 10 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the perception of facial surgery. The paper deals only with radical facial surgery, reporting that up to 75,000 operations are performed annually in the UK alone. This report focuses on ethical concerns because certain procedures are questionable. The paper goes on to evaluate the reasons people choose to undergo facial surgery.
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