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The History of Sports in Canada, 2001.
This paper examines the development of sports in Canada.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact that sport had on Canadian society since the rise of its popularity in the early 20th century. It examines both the social and economic angle of this phenomenon. It looks at how the increase in participation of new games led to the birth of new manufacturers that were devoted to the production of such items as sporting equipment and propaganda.
From the Paper
"The early part of the twentieth century saw the growth and development of many new sports and games in Canada. However, not all of the games that took off in the twentieth century were brand new. One of the first events that signified the organization of a sport in Canada was the formation of the Montreal Curling Club in 1807 by twenty Scottish citizens.1 Lacrosse, which was originally played by native peoples, also held a significant place in sports history. On August 1, 1833, the Montreal Gazette reported the first reference to a game of lacrosse in an article that described an all-Indian game which was actually being used as an initiation ceremony for new chiefs.2 By late 1867, after Confederation, lacrosse was beginning to be enjoyed at a national level; it was referred to as the ?the National Game? in some newspapers, and valued more than cricket, which was also popular at the time but was imported from Beaupre 2 Europe.3 In the spring of 1867, there were about ten lacrosse clubs in Canada; by the end of October there were eighty teams with some two thousand members.4 This led to the creation of the National Lacrosse Association which was a landmark in the history of Canadian sport and helped build a sense of unity and shared pride in the year of Confederation. The success and popularity of lacrosse continued into the 20th century, however, many players and fans found that the summer season was all too short for playing lacrosse. Because of this, some players experimented with lacrosse on ice to prolong the season, but when this proved to be unsuccessful more and more athletes turned to hockey for their winter sport and some never came back.5 By the year 1914, the glorious years of lacrosse were drawing to a close, partially because the battle between amateur ideology and commercial forces interfered with the promotion and development of the sport."
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American Sport History, 2002.
This paper discusses the history of certain sporting events from colonial times until the Civil War.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenon of American sporting culture beginning as far back as the early immigrants who settled in the New World. The author discusses how sports in the United States has progressively taken over a large part of the American psyche, showing insight into U.S. society and culture. The paper includes a discussion of collegiate sports, and women?s sporting events.
From the Paper:
"Overall, sport in America has risen to an almost unrivaled status in American society. To look at American history or culture forces one to take notice that sport has developed hand in had with our society and shaped us into what we are today."
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Sports Science and Sports Medicine, 2004.
An overview of sports/exercise science and medicine, two fields that have only recently begun consolidating into distinct professions.
2,272 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a multi-billion-dollar business, and the ever-increasing competitiveness and challenges, both mental and physical, faced by the modern sportsperson has increased the need for a medical and scientific support system for athletes. This paper discusses two fields that have developed from this need: sports science and sports medicine. The paper shows that they are interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area, while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.
From the Paper
"High quality sports performance depends largely on an individual?s movement pattern and is usually referred to as technique. Good technique not only produces an effective performance but also reduces the risk of injury. The effect of physical forces on the movement and on the size, shape and structure of the body is scientifically studied by biomechanists today in an attempt to help optimize athletic technique. (Stein, 2003) Through qualitative analysis via direct observation on film or video tape, a biomechanist will study an athlete?s performance with a view to diagnosing any problems which might be limiting sporting potential. In close consultation with the athlete?s coach, training patterns may be altered to incorporate elements which may help to rectify the problem."
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The Sociology of Sport: The Ideals of Sports as a Reflection of Society, 2002.
A paper which looks at what sports represents and what it communicates to society.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 0 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a central part of society, introduced to children at a young age and often continuing to be part of a person?s life throughout their lifetime. Sports impacts on people in a number of ways. The paper shows that in childhood, the focus of sports is often on participating, working with other people and aspiring to be the best one can be. Successful sports people also become heroes for children, something that continues into adulthood. The paper shows that as individuals grow older their focus may change from playing sports to watching sports. At the same time, sports people continue to be respected and viewed as heroes, the fact that successful sports people get paid millions in sponsorship money is evidence that they must have a major impact on consumers. Overall, this paper looks at what sports represents and the values it communicates to people.
From the Paper
"Sport is also closely related to a person?s life in society in a general way. In sport, people compete against each other to win. In a person?s working life the same thing occurs. A person works against others in the workplace to earn individual rewards and promotions. A person also works as part of the company team, to grow the company. The same occurs in schools where students works in competition with each other to receive awards. Students then work to get into college, with the best students winning the college place. This illustrates one of the main aspects central to sports, the competition factor inherent to sport. This also shows how this competition factor inherent in sports is also one inherent in life. This is another major reason why sport reflects society."
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Sport Commissions and Amateur Sports.
An exploration of how the sports industry is a land of opportunity for sports commissions and the local communities that are trying to generate economic impact from sports.
3,688 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explores different avenues for small-scale sports tourism in the direction of amateur sports tournaments and how establishing a sport commission can help. It focuses on recreational sport tournaments for adults and youth by examining a case study dealing with the organization of a sports commission and the economic impact it that has resulted on the community. The reason for discussing sports tournaments is because they are fairly low-investment opportunities that small communities can explore, with large returns for the resources that are already present.
Outline
Introduction
Review of Literature
Case Study
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Green and Chalip (1998) help explain who is participating by exploring the motivations of the active sport tourist traveling to participate in their chosen sport by examining a women?s flag football tournament. The authors explain the increasing growth in active lifestyles and how it is not only the younger population, who are participating, but also the older segment is starting to stay more active. This trend is leading to more vacations that are based on or around sport. The paper presents the ideas that the active sport tourist does not only travel for the competition, but also to be able to identify with the subculture of their sport. As in the case of the women football players, they enjoy being able to socialize with people who share their same interests during social events sponsored by the tournament organizers. They travel as teams, and along with these teams comes family and friends, which in turn bring along more economic impact for the community hosting the event."
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Steriods in Sports, 1991.
This paper discusses the history of steroids in sports: Purpose, effects, history, manufacture, medical uses, dangers, official banning and testing.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, £ 67.95
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From the Paper
This paper will be concerned with the history of steroids in sports. Anabolic steroids are drugs which are designed to "artificially promote muscle development". Such drugs contain either natural or synthetic varieties of the male hormone known as testosterone. This hormone, which is normally found in the male testes, is responsible for giving men greater strength and aggressiveness in comparison to women. In addition, testosterone contributes to other male characteristics of the body, such as facial hair. By contrast, women carry a hormone in their bodies known as estrogen, which is responsible for the development of the breasts, among other things. By taking steroids, both male and female athletes have discovered that they can dramatically increase their body size and strength. This is obviously an ... "
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Sports Psychology, 2002.
Explores the growing popularity of sports psychology, which contributes to an athlete's success.
4,230 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 31 sources, APA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
The science of sports psychology rests uncomfortably between pure science, theory and hype. But, as athletes make their way up successive levels from amateur to semi-professional, from pro to world- class, the physical aspects of the game stay the same. The paper shows that an athlete can only digest so much nutrition, burn so many calories in the weight room and endure a relatively fixed amount of physical training before ready to perform at a peak level. The hypothesis is that the factor which separates one level of athlete from the next, and what often prevents an athlete with much ?potential? from reaching his or her goals is the mental game. The paper shows that, although this idea sounds simple, at upper levels of performance the athlete?s own body can become one of the opponents on the playing field which must also be conquered. Toward this end, the ?science? of sports psychology, including hypnosis, self hypnosis, guided imagery and bio-feedback have come into the sports marketplace in the last 30 years, and have proven that at the levels of performance which test the athletes total ability, conquering the mind game is the cornerstone to victory on the playing field.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
History
Sports Psychology and Hypnosis
Desire: the First Requirement
Hypnosis, Self Hypnosis, Biofeedback
Examples of Biofeedback
Guided Imagery
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"An associative attentional focus concentrates one's awareness on bodily states, self-perceptions, and pacing or rhythm related to an activity. Conversely, a dissociative attentional focus or distraction diverts attention away from bodily self-awareness and self-perceptions and towards external stimuli or factors not related to an activity (e.g., words of a song, other people exercising). Studies have found conflicting results as to whether association or dissociation is a more effective strategy for improving performance."
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Sports Ethics, 2007.
This paper explores various ethical issues related to sports and entertainment.
3,088 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the widespread use of steroids by high-profile athletes for boosting their performance and discusses whether it is morally acceptable to use performance enhancing drugs in sports. The paper looks at patterns of use of steroids by athletes; are they being used across the board or are certain groups by sex, class or ethnicity more prone to its use? The paper also examines whether it is ethical to use animals for sports and entertainment and discusses the history of cockfighting in the United States.
Outline:
Sports Ethics
Sports History and Performance Enhancing Substance
Pattern of Use
Why is Steroid-use in Sports Considered Unethical?
Is it Ethical to Use Animals in Sports?
The Barbaro Case
Cockfighting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sport is an ancient human activity as cultural relics provide evidence that some form of health-building activities existed in China as long ago as 4000 BC (Qinfa, 2007). A number of sports are also known to have been played in ancient Egypt, and the Greeks of course organized the ancient Olympic Games as far back as 776 AD. With the advent of industrialization in the 19th century and the increased availability of leisure time, sports have become phenomenally popular in most parts of the world. The development of mass media and communication technology such as the radio, television and the Internet in the recent past have further added to the popularity of sports as spectators can now follow the exploits of athletes and star performers from afar."
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Sports Stadiums and Arena Finance, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the social and economic impact of sports facilities and sports teams on cities and states.
12,083 words (approx. 48.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 165.95
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Abstract
This research paper provides an overview and background of the issues, followed by a discussion of specific stadiums throughout the nation. An assessment of the legal issues involved in financing a major sports arena is followed by a summary of the research and an analysis of the future of sports arena financing in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Review and Discussion
III.Review and Discussion of Recent Examples
V. Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"We may not have the Circus Maximus, but Americans come close. Not only do sports enjoy a special status in the hearts of Americans, it turns out that sports franchises do too. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006. Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which allows state and local governments to issue tax-exempt bonds to help finance sports facilities. While major sports franchises across the country are reaping the benefits of taxpayer-financed arenas in which to compete, the debate continues about the appropriateness of providing such enormous amounts of resources for the reasons provided by the promoters."
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Female Students and University Sports, 2005.
A study on the factors that influence female students in university sports participation in the United States and Canada.
7,632 words (approx. 30.5 pages), 43 sources, APA, £ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the many factors influencing female participation in sports, the benefits to women when they do participate in sports and the factors that discourage women from participating in athletic programs. The paper also examines Title IX's affect on women's participation in sports and looks at the latest trends in women's collegiate sports.
Introduction
Background
Title XI in Relation to Female Athletes in College Settings
Trends in Women's Collegiate Sports
Discouraging Factors
Encouraging Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Researchers hypothesized that it is possible for a female athlete to be seen as both feminine and respected for her athletic roles because the issue of her femininity often is separated from the issue of her role as an athlete, thus allowing her to manage stereotypically incompatible identities without conflict (Royce, Gebelt and Duff, 2001). To investigate these hypotheses athletes and nonathletes at a NCAA university were questioned about these issues by both questionnaire and interview."
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Organized Crime in Sports, 2003.
Discusses illegal sports gambling in professional sports, horse racing, and college sports.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, £ 39.95
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Abstract
Examines athletes as problem gamblers. Provides a history of gambling. Discusses mob-connected, organized control of sports betting and the growing link between organized crime and college athletics.
From the Paper
""If there's competition involved, you can bet that you can bet on it" is a quote from Henry J. Hyde (R, Ill). Hyde is chairman of the United States House of Representatives and Chairman of the committee ..."
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Different Eras in Sports, 2001.
A comparative essay between ancient sport and modern sport. A look at their differences and similarities.
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
A paper about sports history, a comparison between ancient sports and modern sports of today. The author looks at aspects such as the sports played, how they were played, their technological differences and how their symbolic and societal meanings differ.
From the Paper
"Sports in the ancient world had their similarities to modern sports, but there are a few differences as well. In modern sports, there is more attention to detail when preparing fields for play, but nonetheless there are numerous amounts of workers who prepare the fields that athletes play on. In modern sports, nearly every sport has their schedules devised much before the season even begins. Although not all sports had officials at that time, there were people who kept order. In ancient sports, there were no records that were kept of ongoing statistics. Without role players, teams could not play to their optimum levels at all times."
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Order Management Systems and Sports Nutrition, 2008.
This paper looks at increasing distributed order management and enterprise resource planning systems performance in the sports nutrition industry, including recommendations for Europa Sports Products.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer first defines how distributed order management systems are progressing from being ERP centric and more customer-focused and demand-driven, and second, how these systems are making it possible for sports nutrition distributors to attain their selling, service and long-term growth objectives. The writer points out that for sports nutrition distributors in general and Europa Sports Products specifically, the need for synchronizing their 177 suppliers that provide just over 5,400 products, inventoried in 215,000 square feet of warehouse space spread across four geographic locations underscores the urgent need the company has for a reliable distributed order management system. The writer maintains that integrating with suppliers' Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, supply chain, order management, and forecasting systems is also critical to the success of Europa Sports Products. The business model of distribution is predicated on price, availability, accuracy of fulfillment and support programs for dealers and resellers. The growing importance of analytics as they relate to managing supply chains, order management, fulfillment and integration is also discussed. The paper includes charts and tables.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Summary of Research Findings
Recommendations to Europa Sports Products
Analysis of Distributed Order Management & ERP Systems Use Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Appendices
From the Paper
"Through the research completed it is clear that order management, ERP and supply chain systems are becoming increasingly reliant on each other and increasingly critical as the foundation of distribution-centric business models. This is especially true for sports nutrition distributors, where the need for achieving high inventory turns on their most popular and profitable products are critical. Optimizing inventory mix, increasing inventory turns and having the most popular products in stock require intensively higher levels of supply chain integration, in addition to distributed order management systems performance. What became clear from the research completed was that manually attempting to coordinate and optimize inventory across multiple locations was difficult if not impossible, and that distributed order management systems, when integrated to suppliers' supply chain management systems, made the processes much more cost- and time-efficient, and accurate as well."
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Skateboarding: Grinding it's Way into Sports, 2000.
This paper looks at all aspects of skateboarding both personal athletic benefits and problems with society and relates them to why it shouldn't be a crime.
3,750 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper's claim is that skateboarders should not be portrayed as delinquents, vandals, or insurance liabilities, but as athletes participating in an individual sport wherever they can to the best of their abilities. It provides an overall summary of the history of skateboarding as a sport, latest trends and social nuances of different skateboarding techniques.
Table of Contents
I. The history of skateboards and skateboarding.
II. Street skating
III. Skateparks
IV. Description of a dedicated skateboarder.
V. Skateboarding is an athletic sport
VI. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Stereotypes are what takes the sport of skateboarding and turns it around from a sport to a problem. People view skateboarders as rule breaking, rebellious vandals just because their playing field happens to be where they are not supposed to be. Not only this but people will think of some skateboarders as "punks"; because of the clothes they wear and the music they listen to. No one will take the time or effort to view skateboarders as what they really are, athletes. Instead they would rather bash the sport because of the image that skateboarders have been stuck with due to the stereotypes and false accusations of the lifestyle of the modern skateboarder. "
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