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History of Orientalism, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the culture and history of eastern Islam, also known as Orientalism.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper defines the term Orientalism, which comes from the Latin word oriens, as the rising sun, which generally implies, 'the East.' This paper focuses on the culture, religion, art and history of Orientalism. This paper explores the European view of Islam throughout history. The writer explains that during the birth of Christianity and Islam there was a distinct difference between European Christian cultures and those of East and North Africa, which are detailed at length in this paper. During the Middle Ages the European Christians denounced the Islamic people as the enemies of Christendom, due to their lack of knowledge of Eastern culture. This paper discusses how the Enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century viewed the Eastern culture as being superior to that of the Christian west. This paper illustrates that Islamic societies were praised for their religious tolerance when compared with Christian west. This paper also delves into those who opposed the Orientalist culture, such as James Mill, who believed that Eastern civilizations were stagnant and corrupt and Karl Marx who believed that Eastern methods of production were static. Christian evangelists further maligned Eastern traditions as superstitious nonsense. This paper also examines the rich artistic history of the Oriental culture. Depictions of Islamic Moors were found in Medieval and Renaissance art, but it wasn't until the 19th century that Orientalism became recognized in the arts. This paper also details the outspoken views and opinions of political activist and author Edward Said.
Table of Contents:
Definition of Orientalism
History of Orientalism
Orientalism in the Arts
History of Orientalism in the Arts
Edward Said and Orientalism
References
From the Paper
"Photography was still in its infancy and did not allow for the capture of the sunlight, the colors and the mood in which a painter could. With the iconoclastic nature of Islam, and the forbidding of the depiction of the prophet Muhammad, there was little representational art in Islam. Most of their artwork was centered on pattern and design. For this reason, the Muslim world had very little visual record of their history, including the people and the cities that existed prior to modern photography. Today, still, the best visual record of exotic cities like Cairo or Damascus, prior to the advent of modern photography, exists in 19th century paintings by Europeans and Americans. In the mid to late 19th century, painters from every country in Europe and from across the oceans in America, came to the East."
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Orientalism and 19th Century Views of Sex in the Orient, 2002.
Explores traditional European views of the Orient, expeciallly with regard to views of sexuality.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 95.95
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Abstract
The political concept of "Orientalism" is discussed in this essay, and is examined in connection to historical contexts of 19th century Europe. This essay considers how "Orientalism" enables white Europeans to perceive themselves racially and culturally superior, and to render Asian and Middle-Eastern cultures as exotic, and as a commodity that can be consumed. The ideal of exotic Asians persists today in the form of the Asian sex-trades, and in this essay the role of sex, sexuality, and difference is critically analysed in relation to theory-work by Edward Said, and other cultural critics.
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Orientalism, 2006.
A reflection on Orientalism and how it has always been portrayed in a negative light with very little recognition of the positive aspects of Orientalism.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
What is Orientalism? How does the past and future differ? What are the important elements of Orientalism? This is a report on the postmodern future with the theme focusing on how Orientalism demonstrates a consistent character throughout history with different elements such as stylistic moments, diversity of opinions, and different fashions, and emphasis on art. This consistent theme is negative. Most of the elements that portray Orientalism are not positive. It is either shown with negative comments about the warriors or it portrays the negative side of communism.
From the Paper
"While it is important to reflect how Japan, China, communism, globalization and entertainment have affected Orientalism; it has been done negatively with little of the positive elements of Orientalism shown. While artwork should show positive elements of the Oriental people through the eight stylistic periods including the Classic Orientalism, The Expanding East, The Ancient East, The Gerome Paradigm..."
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Edward Said's "Orientalism", 2005.
This paper examines Edward Said's assessment of Orientalism as expressed in his book "Orientalism" .
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in studying the contemporary politics of the Middle East, Edward Said's scholarly assessment of Orientalism is of vital importance. The author points out that Said persuasively argues that Orientalism helped to promote an idealized but pro-European self-image, which produced a false understanding in the West of Arabs and Islamic culture,and has never been an objective, impartial or legitimate field. The paper relates that, in reality, Orientalism was established and perpetuated as a means of achieving Western political goals.
From the Paper
"In studying the contemporary politics of the Middle East, Edward Said's scholarly assessment of Orientalism is of vital importance, for he persuasively argues that Orientalism helped to promote an idealized but pro-European self-image, that it produced a false understanding in the West of Arabs and Islamic culture, and that it has never been an objective, impartial, or legitimate field. In reality, Orientalism was established and perpetuated as a means of achieving Western political goals. In his intriguing book, Orientalism, Edward Said thoroughly examines the origins, history, and consequences of Orientalism and explains the manner in which Orientalism represents "the distinction between Western superiority and Oriental inferiority.""
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Orientalism, 2002.
A study of Orientalism from the nineteenth century to today.
1,945 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the study of Orientalism and defines it by looking through the viewpoint of the west and the west?s relationship with the east. It looks at the emergence of the Orient as a term in the 19th century, which would be called the lands around the southern Mediterranean Sea. The paper provides a history of the relationship the west has had with the Orient. It describes the arts and crafts of the Orient which came to the west through trade and the crusades. The author writes that throughout the history, the Orientalists have been stereotyped in the role of a dark, a mysterious, an alien, the bizarre and the threat, by the Western world.
From the Paper
"Ever since the scholars such as Edward Said have started to work on the subject of Orientalism, the philosophical emphasis of the Western World has been closely scrutinizing the regions, cultures, norms, peoples and systems that represented the term 'Orient'. The study of the issue of Orientalism is important in a sense because it has deeply influenced the Western perceptions about the East. The main reason for which studying the issue of Orientalism is important is that the interaction between the Orient and Europe influenced the travel, trade, crusades, missionary activity and cultural exchange between the empires which later lead to the age of European expansion and colonization. It is also important to note that the interaction between the Orient and Europe significantly changed the meaning of the East. "
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Orientalism, 2006.
A critical analysis of the term, "Orientalism" and the debate surrounding it.
2,058 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
"Orientalism" centers on the study of Near and Far Eastern society and culture, including most of Asia and the Middle East, typically through the expression of art, by the Western world. The term "Orientalism" is becoming outmoded due to the debate of whether or not Orientalist artists' works were simply a portrayal of the Near and Far Eastern society at the time, or a prejudiced stereotypical portrayal that had a negative impact on both societies. This latter belief was most famously articulated by Edward Said, in his various works, but most notably his book "Orientalism". It is these two divergent critical analyses that this paper focuses upon.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Edward Said's Analysis of Orientalism
Proponents of Orientalism
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In fact, Said (1979) believed that the crucial turning point in history was Napolean's conquest of Egypt. Warraq (2002), on the other hand, notes that Egypt was not simply a passive victim of Western rapacity. The French were forced out of the country in less than four years. During their occupation, the French were highly sensitive to Muslim opinion, as opposed to being oppressive, or viewing them as "other". In fact, General J.F. Baron de Menou had converted to Islam and had enacted a variety of measures to conciliate the Muslims."
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Orientalism, 2005.
A review of Orientalism and post-colonialism and the socio-cultural context of the Orient.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a source on Orientalism. The paper reviews the major themes of West and Oriental thought and how the definition of the Orient by the West helped to permanently schism the Orient into its existing socio-cultural context and the imposed socio-cultural context.
From the Paper
"There was no bibliographical data attached to this paper. All citations come from a source sent in by the client. I'm pretty sure it is Edward Said's "Orientalism." A Review of Orientalism and Postcolonialism Thus far, the study of sociology and theology suggests that the culture that does the reviewing attaches its own beliefs onto the culture that is being reviewed, but the current text suggests that this process helps define precedence for imposing certain outcomes and directives on the reviewed culture. The author begins in reviewing the treatment that Balfour had towards the British colonies of Egypt, in that he perceived England as needing - indeed, obligated - to impose rule upon those within Egypt as what might actually be deemed a form of charity, or at the very least a civil service offered by Britain to its struggling neighbors. "The argument, when reduced o its simplest form, was clear, it was precise, it was easy to grasp. "
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Orientalism in Western Art and Music, 2002.
This paper discusses the use of orientalism, the influence of the culture of the Middle and Far East, on Western art and music.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that, even though Western artists are looking for new ideas when they seek Oriental input, they can only interrupt the Orient through their own Western culture. The author explains that French painter Eugene Delacroix' ?Death of Sardanapalus? and Austrian artist Leopold Carl Muller?s ?The Market in Cairo? are examples of orientalism in Western art. The author states that the Beatles, seeking the teachings of India?s gurus, brought orientalism into modern pop culture.
From the Paper
"The Western World that Delacroix knew lay on the brink of the Victorian age. Painted in 1827, the Death of Sardanapalus speaks to a people already grown accustomed to the strictures of middle-class morality. As older and wilder days ended, North Americans and Europeans were already entering into a new era of strong religious devotion, clean living, and sexual repression. The wanton abandoning of oneself to pleasure like Sardanapalus seemed to be something that was still possible only within the hidden corridors of the seraglio, a place where leering, bearded despots sought freely to satisfy their carnal lusts. The fact that Sardanapalus?s world is about to be consumed in fire is but a fitting moral judgment. Though he can gape at the writhing, sensuous forms of the King?s doomed attendants, the European or North American man can only dream of what he cannot have ? the pleasures of the flesh are condemned hellfire."
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Orientalism, 2002.
The meanings of the term "orientalism."
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the various shades of the meanings of the term "Orientalism" as defined by one of the most acclaimed Arab Christian scholar Edward W. Said. Furthermore, the paper addresses the way, the great thinker and the author of the book "Orientalism", exposed the underlying fallacies throughout the formation as well as the existence of "Orientalism".
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Orientalism, 2002.
Examines Edward Said's definition of 'orientalism' and how this concept is viewed in Western terms.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 57.95
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Abstract
Edward Said wrote Orientalism, with the intent of giving an explanation of the Eastern world. Shakespeare, in "King Lear", expresses Orientalism (Foer, 15). British imperial anthropology texts were Orientalist. However important the implications of the Orientalist critique of culture, its effect on Western political discourse has become more immediately consequential. Many practitioners of the Orientalist critique have tended to dismiss the term "terrorist" as a usage of Western propaganda. Western scholars might ask themselves to what degree their work is less a critique of Western power than an enabler for Eastern failure. This paper discusses the work of Said in relation to history and the present Western understanding of the East.
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Orientalism, 2002.
An examination of the uses and abuses of the concept of orientalism.
2,401 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 20 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how there have been many uses and abuses in regard to the cultural and social concept called orientalism, a way of coming to terms with the Orient (including the Arab world) that is based on the Orient's place in European Western experience. It shows how the true objectives of the western cultures is to be in a position of imperialistic power so the wealth and resources of the target nation can be exploited. It looks at how today, the same system of cultural imperialism is being utilized by nations like the United States against the oil rich Arab nations and how the misinformation of western cultures like the United States have historically presented Islamic laws as a flawed belief structure because the laws were affiliated with what was then considered a false religion.
From the Paper
"A good marketing campaign based on false advertisement would be similar to the Orientalism campaigns that have historically labeled whole nations as underachieving or simply heathens. Orientalism can be seen as an indicator that the western nations held something of an advantage over the third world nations. Today, the Arab world has also been associated with Orientalism. Western cultures have historically seen Islamic laws as a flawed belief structure because these laws were affiliated with what was then considered a false religion. Today?s reasoning has been modernized in the sense that the Islamic laws are now considered flawed because there is an assumption by the western cultures that the Islamic laws reject human rights. There is one consistency in the west?s beliefs from past and present -- Western reasoning is superior to eastern reasoning."
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Orientalism Today, 2004.
This paper discusses the theories regarding Orientalism by Edward Said.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at Edward Said's theories on Orientalism and discusses their relevance today. The writer provides an analysis of how the theories and concepts offered by Edward Said on Orientalism are still perpetuated and maintained in contemporary culture. The writer places the focus of the discussion on identity and the "other."
From the Paper
"The construction of identity in every age and every society involves established opposites and others. This happens because the development and maintenance of every culture require the existence of another different and competing alter ego. With respect to American dominant cultural identity, whites have primarily established a construction of identity that narrowly defines race and remains superior to the construction of a different i.e. other. With respect to the ... "
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Orientalism and "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", 2005.
A look at the concept of Orientalism using in Maya Angelou's "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings".
1,629 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
Edward Said's theory of Orientalism is generally understood to mean white/western discourse about the Orient/East. This paper argues that other races can form almost identical stereotypes of one another, using examples from Maya Angelou's "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" of a young black woman's experience of white people and their culture. Ultimately, it raises questions about the nature and origin of racist discourse, and how it is inseparable from other factors such as wealth, from a cultural perspective.
From the Paper
"The word 'powhitetrash' itself is an interesting example of how culture limits the way that race is understood. Angelou uses the label to define the 'powhitetrash' as distinct from the black people and the 'whitefolks'; however, she chooses to do this using language that only the black community uses, and draws attention to it even more by writing the words as they would be spoken. The two white groups would not give themselves the same labels assigned by Angelou and her community. Therefore, racial others are understood by Angelou only in terms of her own culture, not on their own terms. Quite literally, she is only able describe them using words she has heard spoken within her own culture. "
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Orientalism, 2005.
A study of Orientalism, based on the film "The Last Samurai".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the meaning of Orientalism and how it is manifested as the way the East is represented and viewed by the West. The paper analyzes academia and popular presentations such as books, films, and the like. The paper uses the film "The Last Samurai" to show how a new idea of the nobility of Asians only serves as a reason for a different sort of reification of both Asians and Westerners with new stereotypes.
From the Paper
"Asians are labeled with a number of stereotypical ideas and images, from the old idea of the "yellow peril" endangering the Western way of life to the new image of the mathematical and scientific scholar taking university positions away from Western students. These images began with the first wave of immigrants from Asia and continue in some degree to this day. These ideas also infuse popular culture and shape many dramatic presentations, such as the film The Last Samurai (Edward Zwick, 2003), in which the filmmakers bend over backwards to elevate the Asians while downgrading the Westerners and so present simply a different version of the old simplistic approach."
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