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History of Marriage in India, 2007.
This paper traces the history of marriage in India, citing its religious and cultural importance.
1,724 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history of marriage in India, where it is viewed as a sacrament and the greatest bond between a man and a woman and between their families. The author discusses arranged marriages and the role of sexual intimacy in marriage. The paper further highlights the different outlooks on marriage between Northern India and Southern India. Also considered is the impact of other cultures in India, including Islamic and Western Culture. The author concludes that despite these cultural influences, marriage remains a sacrament in India.
From the Paper
"The greatest event in a family in India is a wedding, which celebrates and evokes every possible social obligation, kinship bond, traditional value, sentiment and economic resource (Encyclopedia of Nations 1995). It is considered essential by virtually everyone in the country. The individual sees it as the setting for one's transition to adulthood, which is the result of a combination of choices by everyone in the group or family. Everyone is born in a family and the choice of a family is beyond individual choice, which is why arranging a marriage is a critical responsibility of parents and other relatives on both sides. Some Indian parents make this arrangement at the birth of a child while some wait until later. Child marriage was practiced by small ancient groups, especially the Rajasthan, for their children under the age of five (Encyclopedia of Nations, Stormloader). Hindu scriptures sanctioned the practice and its early consummation and emphasized that a girl should be married before puberty or before her first menstruation. If not, she would go to hell because it would constitute abortion. Their Prophet Islam taught that marrying young girls from 2 to 8 would be ideal. Indians also fixed the age of the groom at ideally three times that of the child bride..."
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"Marriage and Family in India", 2005.
This paper reviews, chapter by chapter, Kanaiyal Motilal Kapadia's book "Marriage and Family in India".
4,005 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 0 sources, £ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that marriage in India, as described by Kanaiyal Motilal Kapadia in his book "Marriage and Family in India", is reminiscent of Western attitudes in the nineteenth century and earlier when women were generally treated as second class citizens and the property of their husbands to do with as they please. The author relates that Kapadia presents traditional religious values of Islam and Hindu, which are the two main religions in India, as a background for tracing their marriage customs from historic times into the twentieth century. The paper concludes that both Hindu and Moslem marriages, while having their differences, are both patriarchal; wives are second hand citizens, the property of their husbands, and property is unequally distributed in favor of male heirs, continuing the patriarchal pattern. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"Among Moslem families, cross cousin marriages are also common. In fact, "marriage with a father's brother's daughter is more or less obligatory. It is considered and insult, and in a certain measure an offence, to refuse to accept one's father's brother's daughter in marriage" (P. 135). In families that practice polygyny, the cousin is the husband's principal wife, in order to ensure purity of blood. Like Hindus, the Moslems also practice endogamous rules. Sunnis and Shiahs do not intermarry. "Also among the Sunnis there are various groups--Vohras, tais, etc., which are endogamous. The lower classes are strictly endogamous, and marriage outside a caste means excommunication from the caste. The amount of dowry in both Hindu and Moslem marriages is determined by the social and economic status of the future wife, and the husband."
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Marriage in India and the U.S., 1992.
A comparison of the roles of women including false expectations, social and sexual factors and abuses.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, £ 50.95
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From the Paper
"The last two decades have witnessed dramatic changes in the role of women in society, particularly in the Western world. The struggle for equality in the workplace and the homefront has led to changes within the very structure of the world community. However, for women of the developing countries the rewards of the fight have not filtered down to the populace, but rather have remained among the educated and upper class. Many of these women, however, must still practice their country' s traditional roles and are the most pressured by financial and social structures.
In the United States the institution of marriage has felt the repercussions from change. Not only the rituals and traditions surrounding the event, but the intentions and attitudes toward married life are today a reflection of the past..."
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A History of India, 2002.
A post- World War One look at the history of India and its fight for independence.
1,835 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
An analysis of the history of India as compared to the histories of China and Turkey. The author concentrates on India's struggle for freedom, self-rule and independence with a fight for a recognition of its culture and religious beliefs of its people.
From the Paper
"In Chapter 3 of Daniel Brower?s book on World History, ?The World in the Twentieth Century: from Empires to Nations,? the author presents salient features of the post World War I histories of three countries: Turkey, India and China. Each of these countries reeling under the yoke of an oppressive combination of monarchies and colonial forces found a national voice for unification and self-governance (Brower, 2002)"
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The Legalization of Gay Marriage in the United States The Legalization of Gay Marriage in the United States, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of same sex marriage in the USA.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the long debated issue of gay marriage in the United States. This paper reports how proponents of the issue contend that same sex marriage is not about gay rights but about human rights. It further discusses how these individuals believe that gays in modern society have long been subjected to inequalities and a lack of support from the social order. The opponents of the gay marriage issue refer to a stereotypical framework for gays in general that suggests that gays are evil and dangerous to children.
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Indian Marriage, 2002.
A look at the culture and traditions of marriage in India.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
A review of the societal perspective and traditional aspect of the Indian marriage and its dynamics.
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Arranged Marriages, 2002.
An overview of the tradition and success of arranged marriages in India.
1,848 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how arranged marriages have been greatly successful and continue to be the gateway to wedlock for almost all the communities in India. It attempts to understand why arranged marriages have been more stable in India and other Asian countries than love marriages in the Western world, together with the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to marriage. It shows how there is a cultural influence that is closely linked with the practice of arranged marriages and discusses this traditional approach.
Outline
Introduction
Arranged Marriage (What It Is)
Indian Marriage
The Engagement
The Bridal Makeup
Henna the Traditional Decoration
Arranged Marriages in Japan
Marriages Statistics and Misconceptions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indian tradition is amongst the oldest and still vibrant systems in the world. In spite of the impact of foreign rule and the consequent culture influx it still stands out as a strong nation resonating with a unique cultural heritage. Arranged marriages have been a part of Indian system for a very long time and it is dated to be there since the very birth of the institute of marriage. The first step in the marriage process is the Horoscope. Indians pay much attention to horoscopes. After preparing a detailed horoscope the parents exchange it with prospective boys and girls. The services of the horoscope matching centers are also utilized. Once the horoscopes are compared for their compatibility the parents initiate the next step, that is they arrange a meeting to see the girl."
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Indian History, 2008.
A detailed account of the history of India, including a discussion on the influence of the various sectors of Indian society.
3,323 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the history of India beginning with the creation of the Indian National Congress in 1884. More specifically, the paper discusses India's independence, the emergence of the various political groups in the country, and the influence of the "moderates", the "swarajists". The paper also discusses the influence on India of the strong leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
From the Paper
"Gandhi's action of suspending the non-cooperation movement was severely criticized by other movement advocates and other sectors (National Indian Congress 2004, Edidin 2006). But other critics recognized its most outstanding feature as the willingness and ability of people in general to endure hardships and punishment inflicted by the government. The movement may have collapsed but its great impact survives and is destined to inspire the nation to persist on a stronger campaign. It clearly served as a basis for new faith and new hope in the people. It roused in them a new confidence in their own power to fight for freedom. Because of the movement, the Congress, for the first time, turned into a truly mass movement."
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Marriage out of Indian Societies, 2000.
A look at legislation in India concerning women and marriage.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This essay will explore Indian legislation concerning women and its impact on women and their children who marry out of the Indian society. A look at recent changes and implications for society.
From the Paper
"In June 1985, Parliament passed legislation, which ended over 100 years of discrimination in the Indian Act. These amendments commonly referred to as Bill C-31 respect three fundamental principals. First, the amendments exclude discriminatory conditions from the registration criteria from the Indian Act .For instance, Indian women no longer lost status through marriage to non-status Indian and a non-status woman can no longer gain status through marriage to Indian men. In recognition of the problems of discrimination contained within the Indian Act; the government chose to pass a law to eliminate the obstacles people had to endure. "
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Hindu Marriage, 2006.
An examination of the Hindu view of marriage as demonstrated through marriage customs and rituals.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Hindu outlook on marriage as reflected in the elaborate traditions and rituals surrounding the marriage ceremony. Hindu marriage is further described as both an important means to foster love for the entire extended family, and as a means of spiritual growth for the couple. The three main parts of the marriage ceremony are described, including the pre-ceremony, the ceremony proper, and the conclusion of the ceremony. The author contends that the elaborateness of the rituals serve as a reminder of the importance of the marriage both to their families and the couples' own spiritual lives for the remainder of their union.
From the Paper
"A Hindu marriage ceremony can be divided into three main parts: the pre-ceremony, the ceremony proper, and the conclusion of the ceremony. The pre-ceremony includes a reception that is held by the bride's parents for the groom and his parents at the entrance of the marriage hall. After this first reception, the bride's father meets the groom on the stage, and gives several presents to the couple. The daughter is then given away by the bride's parents (Hinduism.co.za). Pre-marriage ceremonies can also include Pair Pana (where sweets and gold coins are exchanged), and Milni (where sweets, ornaments and token money are exchanged) (Mypurohith). The bride's feet and palms are decorated with Mahendi before the ceremony (Vivaaha.org)."
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Miscegenation and Same-Sex Marriage: Gay is the New Black, 2005.
A legal and historical comparison of the battles for interracial marriage and same-sex marriage.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper draws legal and historical comparisons between the legal movement in the U.S. to overturn laws prohibiting interracial marriage and the current struggle to obtain equal marriage rights for lesbians and gays. Discussed is the debate between African-American leaders about whether gay rights are civil rights, historical prohibitions on marriage, high court rulings on marriage in the U.S., and reverse evasion laws.
From the Paper
"The gay rights movement of the 1940's and 1950's was not framed as much as a battle for civil rights and the inclusion of social and sexual outlaws in mainstream society, as it was about easing the legal restrictions placed on these outlaws while maintaining a separatist culture. The movement was largely about the "politics of protection" - gays and lesbians protecting themselves from the state violence perpetrated against them in the forms of arrests and raids on their private spaces. Towards this end, gay and lesbian activists of this period worked, in some states successfully, to assert their expressive and associational rights. With respect to asserting their expressive rights, this was accomplished by repealing, in many states, sodomy laws that criminalized the sexual acts of consenting adult homosexuals (most of whom were gay men, as most of the laws did not contemplate sexual relations between two women) and obtaining the right to congregate in bars, clubs and social organizations without the constant threat of abuse and prosecution by law enforcement."
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Definitions for Marriage, 2008.
An examination of the history of marriage and the four possible types and definitions of marriage.
946 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the definition of marriage in today's society. It looks at the history of marriage in order to show that the most accepted definition for marriage is between a man and a woman. The paper begins by defining and analyzing the four definitions of marriages. It then goes on to discuss which of the definitions is the best one in terms of society and acceptability.
Table of Contents:
Four Types of Marriages
Marriages Defined as Contracts
Social Definition of Marriage
Four Definitions of Marriage
From the Paper
"Studying the four types of marriages plays an important role in defining marriage. Four types of marriages are monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, and group marriage. The most recognized marriage type is monogamy. Monogamy marriage is "an institution created by societies of various cultures to publicly announce a concrete union between two people" (Forms and Meanings). Polygyny means having one husband with many wives, while polyandry is having one wife and several husbands (Forms and Meanings). The fourth type of marriage is group marriages, which means having several husbands and several wives. All four types of marriages have existed in society without regard to technology or economics (Forms and Meanings). Looking back through history shows that group marriages and polygyny have existed in few cultures or societies. History does not discuss the meaning of marriage as two couples married to two couples nor does it say any where in history that marriage is between two people of the same sex. Homosexuality has been a problem in history, but it has never been recorded as marriage. Different rules for society or countries have existed when it comes to marriage, but most countries and cultures recognize that marriage is between one man and one woman even when families select the mates. In many countries including the United States, marriage is a binding contract."
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Geoffrey Chaucer's "Tales of Marriage", 2004.
This paper discusses three of Chaucer's tales, "The Wife of Bath," "The Merchant's Tale," and "The Franklin's Tale," to determine Chaucer's views on marriage, arguing that "The Franklin's Tale" suggests Chaucer's idea of an ideal marriage.
4,925 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Wife of Bath introduces herself as the authority on marriage and marital life, commenting on the social and legal position of women in marriage and daily life and, rather than rejecting scriptural authority, she appeals to logic, rejecting too strict interpretations of scriptural rules and commandments. The author points out that, during the Middle Ages, it was widely believed that the highest type of chivalric love was incompatible with marriage, but The Franklin boldly challenges this view by pointing out that love can be consistent with marriage; indeed, without love, marriage is doomed for failure. The paper relates that the main virtue of 'The Franklin's Tale" is the noble spirit, which is seen throughout it, and the idea that love, patience, and forgiveness are the true essence of love and marriage.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Wife
The Merchant
The Franklin
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Wife of Bath is one of the strongest characters in "The Canterbury Tales". Headstrong, loud and opinionated, she represents a major struggle against the degradation of women and the taboos against female sexuality. She presents many strong arguments against rigid religious rules for chastity and monogamy, using Biblical examples, such as the tale of King Solomon, to show that the Bible does not actually condemn sexuality, even outside of marriage."
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Marriage Over Time, 2002.
A look at Oscar Wilde's views on marriage and how marriage has changed.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the changing concepts of marriage over time in lieu of the play by Oscar Wilde.
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