| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "HISTORY LANGUAGE SYSTEMS": |
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Linguistics and the History of the English Language, 2002.
This paper explores the areas of linguistics and the history of the English language in terms of what an English teacher should know before teaching the subject.
4,392 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper asks if future English teachers should study the history of English. The writer shows that teachers should have a knowledge of linguistics. Main points of the paper include: why English is complicated, why languages (especially English) change, grammar rules and problems, spelling history and problems, how dialects are developed and how they influence English in the classroom, semantic changes and more. The paper concludes that all these contribute to a better and more interesting English classroom.
From the Paper
"The English language has a rich history, spanning centuries and passed on by different tribes. A lot of other languages, especially French, has had some influence on the English language. The language has undergone many changes in its history, including the Great Vowel Shift, which changed the way English was spoken. Some people who know more than one language have said that English is the hardest language to learn. As of today, many educated professors and acclaimed administration members probably don?t know the real reasons behind some grammar rules and depend on technology to correct their fragment sentences. What makes English such a hard language to learn and use, even for its native speakers? Will the knowledge of the history behind the English language enable teachers to help students master English? I believe that knowledge leads to understanding; therefore teachers with a strong background in the history of English will be better equipped to teach this difficult subject."
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A History of Language and Writing Systems, 2001.
An interesting look at the development of systems of writing starting with the Sumerian people.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, £ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks back in time to the origins of writing and notes and shows that there is new archaeological evidence to suggest that the cuneiform system of writing existed even prior to the Sumer. The author then moves on to examine Egyptian forms for writing and various Semitic languages.
From the paper:
?More than 300 clay tablets with a variety of images on them have already been discovered by Dreyer. Among the symbols found on the tablets are scorpions with trees, scorpions with plants, stylized birds, dogs and fish and various other decorative plant-forms?.
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The Significance of Language in Human History, 2003.
Examines how spoken and written languages have influenced the progression of human history and ethnic development.
2,450 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper emphasize different aspects of language that show it to be an important factor in human history, using the history of the English language as an example. The paper delves deep into the roots of the English language and, point by point, shows that language was crucial in the development of the history of humanity.
From the Paper
"There were several historic events that brought on these changes. One was the work of Shakespeare, who has become a key player in the relating of the history of the English language. Another was the invention of printing, which helped to unify the language under a common reading and writing system, which led to a somewhat unified speaking system. Early Modern English then later on turned into Present Era English, which was helped along and distinguished by several things. First the publication of English dictionaries again helped to unify the language as a whole (Roberts 429). Also the development of an English grammar system, which allowed for a somewhat uniform way of teaching English to children and preserving the language as well (Roberts 429)."
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Database Management Systems and Information Systems, 2001.
Examines differences of both computer technologies in terms of software (IMS) & comgination of hardware & software (IM).
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, £ 33.95
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From the Paper
"This research will examine distinctions between database management systems and information systems, two terms that are often used interchangeably. The plan of the research will be to set forth working definitions of the terms and then explain the differences in ways that might help organization executives understand introduction of information technology in the workplace, including precautions that should be observed in the design, engineering, installation, and management of the technology.
The term information system (IS), or information management system, refers to a computer technology-driven architecture around which use of data-processing equipment and software programs are organized. Configuration, or the method of organization, of the information system is designed to enable users..."
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Sounds for a System: Phonemes in the English Language, 2001.
This paper discusses the reason for the limited number of phonemes in the English language and how phonemes are added and lost from the language.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses phonemes and how they apply to the English language. The author traces changes in this language beginning with Old English and moving through Middle English to present-day English, and provides examples of changes in each. The author also explains why only forty-four out of a possible three hundred phonemes are used in present-day English.
From the Paper
"A phoneme, as defined by Crystal is, ?The smallest contrastive unit in the system of a language?(456). There are approximately three hundred phonemes in existence that are shared by the five thousand plus languages of the world. The English language only uses forty-four of the three hundred total phonemes. Some languages require more than forty-four phonemes and some require less in order to function. The truth is that none of the world?s languages use the three hundred available phonemes. Languages use only as many as they need in order to be understood. The reason that the English language uses a mere forty-four phonemes is very simple; that is all that it needs. However, the number of phonemes in our language has changed, and it will probably change in the future. It is important to examine the reasons for change and discuss why the number of English phonemes is so limited."
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Lymphatic System and Immune System, 2004.
This paper looks at the lymphatic system and the immune system.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the lymphatic system and the immune system. It compares blood, lymph and interstitial fluid, and compares lymph nodes with the spleen. It then examines humoral and cell-mediated immunity, primary and secondary immune responses, and the role of complement.
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Communication Systems for Autistic Children, 2008.
An analysis of the methodology of two studies discussing augmentative and alternative communication systems that can assist language development in autistic children.
1,566 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes two studies that deal with augmentative and alternative communication systems that can assist language development in autistic children. It first reviews "Effects on Communicative Requesting and Speech Development of the Picture Exchange Communication System in Children With Characteristics of Autism," by Jennifer Ganz and Richard Simpson. It then looks at "Effects of a Computer-Based Intervention Program on the Communicative Functions of Children with Autism," by Orit Hetzroni and Juman Tannous.
From the Paper
"Subjects were taught to present a picture of the desired object and later to create picture sentences by placing strings of pictures on a Velcro strip. At first teachers presented students with the pictures, but the goal was for subjects to independently locate the desired items and string them to form sentences. Pictoral sentences were then to be accompanied by the appropriate verbalization. Each subject had his/her own book of pictures, which were expanded to include photographs of desired objects and sentence starters such as "I want" over time. In this way gradually more complex verbalization could be required. While the beginning pictures dealt primarily with objects themselves, gradually comments on qualities of an object or action as well as objections could also be verbalized. Sessions were videotaped, and independently and holistically scored by observers who agreed when a subject met the specified criteria for non-verbal and then verbal communication."
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Bilingual First Language Acquisition, 2002.
An examination of early language development theory for potential bilingual children.
7,808 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 35 sources, MLA, £ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the criteria for measuring early language development, the concepts associated with ascertaining a child?s developmental progress, the research supporting the prevailing theories and the significant findings inherent in credible research in these areas. It discusses how all over the globe young children seem to effortlessly acquire two or more languages at one time, while some uphold the belief that children who are exposed to multiple languages too early may experience developmental language delays and/or confusion. It evaluates how scientific research has attempted to examine whether young bilinguals can ascertain that they are acquiring two separate and distinct languages early on.
Outline
Introduction
Research and Analysis
Bilingual Paradox
Bilingual Deficit Hypothesis
Unitary Language System Hypothesis
Bilingual Advantage Hypothesis
Differentiated Language System Hypothesis
Vocabulary Development
The MacArthur CDI
Linguistic Milestones
Lexical Identifiers
Neutrals
Translation Equivalents
Interlocutor Sensitivity
Language Choice
Codemixing
Parental Discourse Strategies
Early Constraints
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The line of thought that resembles popular opinion about whether or not children should be raised bilingual from birth is called the ?Bilingual Paradox?. It is a paradox because there are conflicting contemporary theories about whether or not it is the preferred method of introducing two languages. While much research shows that, by several measures, children who are exposed to two languages simultaneously between the ages of zero and three achieve major milestones within the same timeframe and with similar results as monolinguals, the contemporary line of thought has been to teach a child one language early on, reserving the introduction of a second language for the later school years. The thinking associated with the latter opinion is that introducing two languages early on will confuse the child, or that the child will be disadvantaged in mastery of one or both languages. There are, however, steps parents can take early on based on proven research to give their child an advantage in learning language skills. Methodologies, tools, timing mechanisms and support strategies have been developed through testing and observation that aids children in successful and timely language development, specifically in the adoption of multiple languages."
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The Study of Language, 2001.
The following paper examines the theories of bilingualism and multilingalism, language acquisition and language learning, making reference to a number of case studies.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the theories on language acquisition and looks at the useful distinction between acquisition and learning. The writer also comments on approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages. Lastly the writer comments on interference as a factor in language learning.
Table of Contents
Bilingualism and Multilingualism
Diglossia
First Language Acquisition
Using a text-mapping device to depict the important stages in first-language acquisition
Theories on how language is acquired
Innateness
Cognition
Input
Approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages
Interference as a factor in language learning.
From the Paper
"Diglossia is the coexistence of two forms of the same language in speech community. The one form will often be the literary or prestige dialect, and the other one can be a dialect commonly spoken by most of the population. The term diglossia could also be used to indicate bilingualism, or the speaking of two languages by the people of the same community. An example for the first definition is the use of Dutch in Belgium. Dutch is one of the official languages in Belgium. Dutch-speaking Belgians are called the ?Flemish? where the French-speaking Belgians are called ?Walloons?. Dutch spoken by Belgians is also referred to as ?Flemish?, which is not a literary form of the language, but a spoken ?dialect?. They are different varieties of the same language."
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Language Policy in Korea, 2005.
A review of the 2005 language policy of the Republic of Korea.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 29 sources, MLA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
Korea is a country with a long and proud history in which language plays a particularly important and interesting role. This paper discusses language policy in the Republic of Korea through an investigation of Korean history, society, culture and economy; factors which have had a major impact on official policy, as well as societal attitudes towards language.
Outline
An Introduction to Korea
Chinese
Japanese
English
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Culturally Korea is very different from countries in the west. The journalist, author, and long time resident of Korea Michael Breen, in his book "The Koreans," writes, "This is not a culture in which diversity is seen as a value or an ideal. Koreans see virtue in unity: one mind, one people, one system, one race, one path (1998:68)."
Korea is considered to be the nation most influenced by Confucian philosophy, being even more orthodox in its implementation than China, from where Confucius originated. Therefore, elders are held in very high regard, as are people in authority, and of high social standing."
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Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky, 1993.
Discusses Chomsky's theory of language acquisition, in which there exists some sort of "language organ" that makes language possible for humans & impossible for animals.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 9 sources, £ 16.95
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From the Paper
"Nativist Theories of Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky
Introduction
According to Larsen-Freeman and Long (1991), nativist theories posit the existence of a specific, innate biological capacity or organ that makes learning possible. Some of those nativist theories are specific to language acquisition, with Noam Chomsky perhaps the earliest and foremost exponent of the theory that language acquisition follows a universal pattern based on an innate language organ, or system of hard-wiring within the brain.
Noam Chomsky and Universal Grammar
Chomsky became most visible in his struggles with the researchers who were working with chimpanzees and gorillas to ..."
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English as a Second Language, 2002.
A discussion of the effectiveness of traditional bilingual English as a second language (ESL) education systems.
1,537 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the issue of bilingual English as a second language (ESL) versus immersion styles for teaching English to non-native speakers. It has become an issue that seems to be one debated more often by uniformed politicians than real teachers in real classrooms serving real students with real personalities and histories. It discusses the difficulties in finding realistic measurement tools to assess effectiveness and evaluates what is currently available. It proposes different theories for a positive ESL learning environment through literature reviews which examine such issues as goals and quality of outcomes testing, instructional organization and curriculum and provides a summary table of components and indicators for an ideal instructional delivery system.
From the Paper
"As any educator must be aware the theory of standardized evaluation looks good but the actual results are often difficult to evaluate. Sometimes this difficulty is due to demographics of changing student bodies and other times changing test tactics or report tactics in the same test year. Furthermore another possible hurdle is that changes of report or test type from year to year make all those that came before it invalid as tools for comparison, because they are no longer measuring the same things, good intentions not ignored, the outcomes sometimes make a set of statistics nearly worthless for long term determination of the effectiveness of any program. (Kunnan, 1998, p. iii)"
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Political History of Comic Books in Mexico, 2002.
A review of Anne Rubenstein's book "Bad Language, Naked Ladies, and other Threats to the Nation: A Political History of Comic Books in Mexico".
934 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 0 sources, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Anne Rubenstein's book "Bad Language, Naked Ladies, and other Threats to the Nation: A Political History of Comic Books in Mexico". It discusses the impact that comics have had in shaping the Mexican political scene, as well as showing how the comics themselves served as a stage for the playing out of political and cultural battles, as Mexico grew from a very Catholic, sustenance-agrarian culture, to a modern industrial one. It shows how in the 1930s there was for the first time in Mexico, a literate or at least semi-literate force with a growing amount of spending cash for entertainment and while the new government may not have directly encouraged the reading of comic books, by promoting civil freedoms and providing economic support for independent publishers, it created an atmosphere that allowed comic books to proliferate.
From the Paper
"In regarding this study it might be best to consider that the story of comic books in Mexico was but a microcosm that when studied gives one an idea of what was happening in Mexico from the 1930s to the 1970s, rather than something that truly shaped Mexican culture and politics into the 21st century. Rubenstein is aware of this concern and says as much, "Comic books and related periodicals were not the only forms of mass media and popular culture that were part of this process in postrevolutionary mexico. Similar stories could be told about many entertainments: shopping, television, recorded music, dance, cinema, cooking, fashion, and holidays, to name only a few."
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Reward Systems, 2004.
An examination of the use of reward systems in society today.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
Reward systems play a pivotal role in the world that we live in. The writer explains how reward systems are used in many different fields, including the business world, the educational system, and in the disciplining of children. This paper explains what makes rewards systems effective. It examines effective reward systems in business and the educational system. The paper focuses on defining reward systems and the expectancy theory. Includes an annotated bibliography.
I. Introduction
A. Purpose of the Discussion
B. Topics that will be Discussed
II. Definition of Reward Systems and Expectancy Theory
III. Reward Systems that are Effective in Business
A. Internal and External Rewards
B. Short Term/Long Term Rewards
C. Reward Systems for Teams
D. Reward Systems and Organizational Performance
IV. Reward Systems that are Effective in Education.
A. Reward Systems for Teachers and Administrators
B. Reward systems for Students
V. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another book entitled ?Contemporary Career development? asserts that there are other factors behind the use of reward systems in the workplace. The author explains that organizations not only use reward systems to increase productivity and performance, but also to urge potential employees to join the organization and to reinforce organizational structure. (Morrison 1991) The author points out that most companies use short term reward systems for employees.
Morrison (1991) explains that while short term reward systems are effective, lomg term reward system are usually more beneficial to the overall business strategy and employees. The author explains that effective reward systems ?consider the interrelationships among the pattern of organizational career paths; requisite human resource inputs in terms of skills, attitudes, training, and career stages; and organizational life cycles in order to develop the appropriate fit between the reward system and career development system for meeting both short- and long-term organizational objectives.?(Morison 1991)"
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