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Hinduism and Women, 2005.
A discussion of how Hindu women are treated according to religious law and state law in India.
1,957 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper offers and examination of Hindu law and how it refers to women. It explains that much of Hindu literature and ancient laws were deliberately discriminatory toward women. However, the formation of an independent Indian government following British colonization spelled the end of state sanctioned discrimination. The writer concludes that despite women being officially granted equal rights under law, many sects of Hinduism still observe the time-honored, oppressive practices against women.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. History
III. Worldview
IV. Hindu Beliefs Perpetuate Inequality
V. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Yet, influence from the West is growing stronger in all parts of the world; India is no exception. The notion that everyone has an inherent right to be treated equally is quite appealing-particularly to those occupying low social stations. As individuals in low castes and woman begin to demand equal opportunities Hinduism will need to change. Fortunately, the entire five thousand year history of the religion has been marked with many changes; Hinduism has proven itself to be one of the most malleable faiths ever devised. It is likely that Hinduism will survive some form of social reorganization because the underlying principles of the religion are so uplifting and inspiring."
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Women in Christianity and Hinduism, 2005.
A discussion of the role of women in Christianity in the United States and in Hinduism in India.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the differences in the role and status of women within Christianity in the United States and Hinduism in India. It looks at the history of women in religion and notes how the role of the women has evolved in the United States. There are now women ministers and deacons within the Christian Church in the United States. However, women within the Hindu religion in India are still submissive with few rights. The paper looks at the history behind the changing role of the woman within Christianity in the United States and concludes that Hindu women in India must follow this example and fight for their rights.
From the Paper
"What would religion be like without women? Are women important in religion? Women throughout history have played different roles in different religion, but most of the time women were submissive to men. Women would never dream of becoming a minister or involved in the leadership of the religion regardless which religion it was. Today, women play more roles in leadership than ever before. Christianity in the United States and their role of women is different than Hinduism in India and their role of women. Christianity in the United States allows women to become leaders in the church such as a minister or a deacon, while Hinduism in India's role of women are required to be submissive with few rights. As women of the Christian faith have fought for rights in America to become ministers, deacons, and other leadership roles, women of the Hindu faith must receive more rights and stop being submissive to men."
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Castes and Women in Hinduism, 2006.
A paper discussing the subjugation of lower caste members and women in the Hindu religion.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the power of the Hindu religion in subjugating lower castes and women and asserts that, even if supposedly divinely decreed, this subjugation is not right and contradicts the notion of universal human rights.
From the Paper
"The caste system, as determined by Hinduism, first appeared in the Upanishads and was absorbed into Indian society around 500 BC. Basically, the caste system is used to separate all individuals in Indian society into separate, strictly regimented castes. The four castes are Brahmins, or priests, Kshatriyas, or warriors, Vaisyas, or producers, and Shudras, or servants. Below even the Shudras are outcastes, which included the untouchables. This last, unfortunate group consisted of the lowest, most unclean, most hopeless members of Indian society, if they could even be called members. Indeed, before walking down a street, they were required to announce their presence so others could move away and avoid being supposedly defiled by these untouchables."
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Women in Hindi Society, 2006.
Discusses the status of women in Hinduism within a cultural and anthropological context.
3,587 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the position of women in Hindu society has changed considerably in modern times with the advent of modernity and technology, however she is still not on par with her contemporaries in the west. It argues that modern laws have mitigated the tightly restricted position women occupied in Indian society to some extent, however there is still much that needs to be done to raise the status of women in Hinduism.
Outline
Introduction
Traditional Concepts of Women in Hinduism
Status of Modern Woman in Hindu Society
The Dowry System
The Sati System
Female Foeticide
Hinduism vs. Modern Status of Women
Conclusion
From the Paper
" The status of women in Hinduism is much different from that of women all over the world. While Hindu women are also subject to the gender inequality that exists all over the world, it may be noted that religious restrictions and dictates mandate additional limitations upon the Hindu woman. Traditionally, her status has always been one of inferiority to man, but the underlying contempt that leads to this treatment of her as inferior is belied by the religious deception of her portrayal as a supremely moral being, as strong and as pure as a goddess. It may therefore be observed that Hinduism imposes upon Hindu women a religious standard of morality and purity that is almost impossible for a real woman to attain. It requires a level of self sacrifice and piety that is paradoxically denied to her by virtue of her "uncleanliness" caused by menstruation. Therefore, while Hinduism calls out to women to maintain the status of purity and morality that will ensure the attainment of a religious standard to serve in religious institutions, it also ensures that this standard will never be achieved - because she is ostracized from the religious shrines when she is menstruating. The highest ideal for Hindu women is the attainment of religious zeniths of purity. Everything in a Hindu woman's life is conditioned around religion and Hinduism is the source of all the cultural and societal values that are imposed upon the woman."
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Hinduism Beliefs, 2006.
This paper provides a basic outline of Hinduism and Tamil Hinduism.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains Hinduism's basic aspects and the concept of a philosophically elastic but socially rigid tradition. After introducing important sources of scripture and beliefs, mention is made of Hinduism's endless variation before a section that addresses the Tamil Hindu Saiva Siddhantin tradition and social variations attached to it. The paper explains how the idea is one of a strong shared body of tradition that also produces countless differences from place to place and according to caste and educational backgrounds.
From the Paper
"Though a tradition involving a billion of the world's population, Hinduism tends to be little understood beyond what is seen in India where the religion developed as a forceful aspect of South Asian civilization. This essay explains scriptural and philosophical components and the imprint of concepts and values that are particularly important to the tradition. Hinduism is a totalizing religion in so far as it offers a way of life to millions of people and with considerable diversity in terms of beliefs, rituals and other practices, ethics, or what is seen as significant."
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A Contrast Between Women in the Hindu and Sikh Religions, 2002.
An analysis of the acceptance of women in prayer and religious aspects of the Hindu and Sikh religions.
3,485 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
The author explains how recent world events have highlighted the plight of women in several given societies with many atrocities still occurring against women in the name of religion. He contends that while some religions embrace the contributions of women, others completely ignore or forbid it. In some religions, women are encouraged to participate fully in the activities of the church, in others; women are not even allowed to enter places of worship. In addition, the social treatment of women differs according to the religion embraced by each particular society. While women are regarded as equals to men within some religious cultures, other cultures view the woman as little more than a slave and piece of property. To depict the realities of the statements made above, two religions and the way each regards and treats women are covered in this paper: Hinduism and Sikhism. Toward this end, the basic tenants and beliefs of each of these religions is provided.
From the Paper
"The Hindu religion has developed over the last four thousand years, and lacks the organizational hierarchy found in many other religions. Unlike Western religions, Hinduism is a mixture of many beliefs and aspects, including that of magic, nature worship, animal veneration, and an unlimited number of deities and idols. In other words, the Hindu?s find religion in almost everything, such as places like the Himalayan where they believe the God?s live. The basic tenants of the religion hold that, ?the multiplicity of gods and goddesses in its pantheon as manifestations of the one divine spirit, Braham? (Smart 70). According to Hindu?s, Braham is the ?ultimate level of reality, a philosophical absolute, serenely blissful, beyond all ethical or metaphysical limitations? (Kussman and Jain, 83). In Hinduism, the basic view of God is one of ?infinite being, infinite consciousness and infinite bliss? (83). Another important aspect of the Hindu religion is that of rituals. In Hinduism, these rituals include such activities as the lighting of incense, bathing, eating, and marriage ceremonies, all of which are meant to show that God is in everything (Smart 71)"
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Classical Hinduism, 2007.
An analysis of classical Hinduism and its place in modern culture.
1,836 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how classical Hinduism is a very inward-looking religion, trying to keep its footing in an outward-looking world. It contends that eventually it is inevitable that Hinduism may well undergo a transformation, just as the modern world is transforming Indian culture.
Outline:
What is Classical Hinduism?
Hinduism and Historical Place
Hinduism and Modern Times
How is the Practice of Hinduism Affected?
The "Invention" of Hinduism
Continuing Practices
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Hindus believe that an external spiritual truth exists, called Brahman. Human life has a two-fold purpose: to understand Brahman and to come to an understanding about the role of the human soul, the atma (Prime 6). Given that the human understanding is imperfect, understanding the soul is a difficult, if not an impossible, task for a single lifetime. For this reason, the soul begins on a cycle of rebirth, samsara, in an effort to come closer to the perfect understanding of Brahman and achieve oneness with the eternal spiritual reality. The fuel that drives this journey is called karma, which either elevates us closer to that reality or pulls us farther from it, based on the actions of our current life (Prime 6-7)."
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Hinduism and Hopi Traditions, 2002.
A comparison of women's satus in religious/social structures of the in Hopi Indian and Hindu tradition.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper is a comparison of Hopi Indian traditions with Hindu religious practices, centered on the treatment and view of women by these communities. Although the Hopi society is much more willing to develop gender equality, their religious practices often exclude women from the most important dance rituals. Likewise, Hindu women are seen as a step below men in traditional hierarchies of reincarnation. The section on Hinduism specifically mentions the practice of suttee, or widow-burning, which demonstrates the low worth of women who are not expected to produce children.
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Understanding Hinduism, 2006.
This paper examines the values and traditions of Hinduism while stressing the importance of reform and modernization of those same traditions and values in order to continue thriving in a more Westernized world.
1,995 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the original values and traditions of Hinduism as well as the flexibility found in this religion which has spawned numerous sects which include Buddhism, the Rama-Krishna movement and Brahmo Samaj. Hinduism offers a unique liberalism that allows followers to remain loyal even when rejecting one or more of its tenets. The writer of this paper discusses how Western thought has stressed the need for social reform in countries such as India and Cambodia. Like Hinduism, Buddhism also needs to address the encroachments of Western civilization. This paper examines how communist-led countries such as Indochina and Cambodia have abolished Hinduism entirely. As both Hinduism as Buddhism stem from the same roots, both faiths continue to grow and face complex challenges caused by an increasingly global society where international interdependence is essential.
From the Paper
"Western thought has also influenced the calls for social reform in India. Among the most problematic issues is that of the caste system. Some opponents of this social structure have opted to withdraw into monasticism, while others have chosen the more productive option for lasting change. The introduction of such modern developments as public developments as public transportation and fast-food restaurants has led to a practical relaxation of the prohibition against social contact between separate castes. More dramatic have been affirmative action measures towards outcastes or "backward castes," with such policies advocated by the former British administration, Mahatma Gandhi, and recent political policy. Other practices which have fallen victim to social reforms include child marriage and encouraged population growth."
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Women and Religion, 2008.
Looks at the position of women in the various world religions based on a collection of readings from "World Religions" by editors Arvind Sharma and Katherine K. Young.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Hindu inclusion of the feminist reform and succession translates into modern philosophical objectives common to the feminism approach; whereas, women of the Buddhist faith are often subjected to restrictions. The author points out that Jewish and Christian feminists have worked to obtain equality in the obtaining of religious education methods and tools, which has modified their restrictive traditions. The paper points out that the Islamic religion is the most oppressive religion in terms of women's rights and the feminist movement in general. Islamic women are most often treated as outsiders to the religion.
Table of Contents:
Hinduism and Buddhism's Feminist Theories and Thoughts
The Value of Confucianism and Taoism's Feminist Contributions
Judaism and Christianity
The Islamic Religion
From the Paper
"Taoism's feminist contributions to the overarching conceptual discernment of a religion in tradition lay broad for several reasons. In particular, the female has long since been accounted equally through the religious and sociological aspects of Taoism, which has caused the mirrored development of feminism outward to the inwards of basis for other derivations of religions. Gender equality has existed in Taoism since its earliest years through the non-restrictive availability and opportunity for attaining spiritual enlightenment, growth and dissection."
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Hinduism, 2001.
An introduction to Hinduism - its origins and beliefs.
3,841 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an academic but practical look at this diverse belief system of the Hindu religion. The origins and development of Hinduism are discussed as well at its role in the world of today and in the lives of its adherents. Contrasts are made with Christian belief systems and Hindu and non-Hindu scholars are quoted.
Outline
Hinduism's Ancient Roots
Hinduism's Holy Writings
Teachings and Conduct - Ahimsa and Varna
The Frustrating Cycle of Existence
The Pantheon of Hindu Gods
Hinduism and the River Ganges
Hinduism and the Soul
Hindu Teaching of Hell
Hinduism's Rival
From the Paper
"Brahma, although central to Hindu mythology, does not occupy a place of importance in the worship of the average Hindu. In fact very few temples are dedicated to him, even though he is called Brahma the Creator. However, Hindu mythology attributes the assignment of creating the material universe to a supreme being, source, or essence-Brahman, or Brahm, identified with the sacred syllable OM or AUM. All three members of the triad are considered part of that "Being," and all other gods are viewed as different manifestations. Whichever god is then worshiped as supreme, that deity is thought to be all-embracing. So while Hindus openly venerate millions of gods, most acknowledge only one true God, who can take many forms: male, female, or even animal. Therefore, Hindu scholars are quick to point out that Hinduism is actually monotheistic, not polytheistic. Later Vedic thinking, however, discards the concept of a supreme being, replacing it with an impersonal divine principle or reality."
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Hinduism and Modern India, 2005.
A paper looking at the impact Hinduism has had on modern India.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effect of Hinduism on modern India and looks at the complexity of beliefs and practices included in the term Hinduism. The paper further discusses the origin of the practice of Hinduism and its impact on Indian politics.
From the Paper
" To write about the impact of Hinduism on the India of today is to be beset by numerous difficulties of definition, of historical interpretation, of cultural perspective and to be struck most of all by the amazing complexity of beliefs and practices that have been included under that ethnic religious rubric. As Marty Pat Fisher puts it, in the Indian subcontinent there has developed a complex variety of religious paths. Some of these are relatively unified...
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Vision in Hinduism, 2008.
An analysis of the role of vision in Hinduism.
2,504 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in contrast to Western traditions where the transmission of sacred wisdom has been embodied within texts, the sacred world of Hinduism has interpreted images as "visual texts". The paper further suggests that, in Hinduism, it would be more accurate to say that vision is the intertwining of sensory perceptions, allowing a Hindu worshipper to become completely immersed both visually and emotionally in the presence of the divine. The paper goes on to discuss the importance of vision in Hinduism and concludes that to reduce vision to a Western conception of vision is to fail to look at reality from the eyes of a Hindu.
From the Paper
"According to Hindu mythology, it is the ever-watching eyes of the gods that allow the world's existence to continue. In one myth, Parvati, the female companion of Shiva, playfully covers his eyes, leaving the whole world encompassed in darkness (Eck 1). Another tale, this one describing the Mother Goddess, tells of how the world is dissolved or created based on whether her eyes are open (Clooney 97). Fortunately for existence, the Goddess never closes her eyes. Vision is sacred. Hindu worshippers placed before an image of a deity; hope to gain the darsan of the deity. Darsan literally translates as "seeing." (Eck 3). It can also be translated as an "auspicious sight." (Eck 3). "
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Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism, 2007.
A discussion on comparative beliefs about the afterlife, and paths to the afterlife, within four major world religions: Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the religions of Judaism, Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. The paper examines how each of these religions has distinct ideas about the concept of life after death; what takes place after death; the nature of the afterlife itself; and how and where one arrives in the afterlife, based on the life lived on earth. The paper explains that the major religious books of each religion, in which those four religions' beliefs about life after death are described, are, for Judaism the Torah; the Hebrew Tanakh; and the Talmud; for Buddhism the Tipitaka; for Islam the Qur'an (Koran); and for Hinduism the Bhagavad Gita. The paper compares and contrasts teachings about life after death within Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism, respectively.
From the Paper
"One major difference between the Buddhist and Hindu views of life after death compared to the Jewish and Muslim views of life after death has to do with the Buddhist and Hindu view of time as cyclical rather than linear. Judaism and Islam (and Christianity), each conceive of a linear concept of time, i.e., one's time spent on earth is then followed by one's time in the afterlife. Within the Christian New Testament, for example (Hebrews 9:27) it states: "Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment" (BLB Hebrews 9)."
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