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Hindu Fundamentalism, 2004.
This paper discusses the rise of Hindu fundamentalism in India.
4,780 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 1155 sources, APA, £ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that fundamentalists seek to reconstruct the world in two-fold dedication to the unfolding eschatological drama by returning all things to the divine and to self-protection by choosing the elements of custom and modernity. The author points out that, in India, the Hindu fundamentalist groups are trying to curtail the activities of other religious groups and to control the expressions of those not meeting the requirements of their worldview. The paper stresses that all citizens, including the Hindus, must oppose the concept that to be Indian one has to be a Hindu and must state that the formation of a Hindu nation will harm the country.
From the Paper
"Luckily, the BJP has completed its five year term without any major riots between the Hindus and Muslims. On the other side, the attacks on the institutions of the Christians have increased along with harassment, humiliation and even murder of Christian missionaries. The Pope visited India in November 1999 and called for preaching and conversion to Christianity, and this led the Sangh to feel that the works of charity in various forms by the missionaries to be only inducements for conversion to Christianity. This has led to many violent reactions under the slightest pretexts ? four nuns were raped in Jhabua of Madhya Pradesh; a priest and teacher in Bihar was forcibly stripped naked, paraded and made to walk for 16 kilo-meters while being beaten all the time and Bihar is not ruled by the Sangh."
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Hindu Festivals: Manifestation of the Hindu Society and Culture, 2004.
Looks at the influence that Hindu philosophy and culture has had on India as a nation.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effect that Hinduism has had as a religion, culture, and way of life on Indian society. The paper discusses the different types of festivals celebrated in Hinduism, how they are conducted, their significance and meaning to Indian society, and how they are very much an extension of the influence that Hinduism has over Indian society.
From the Paper
"Throughout history, human civilization were influenced by numerous religions that carry with it a specific set of beliefs and customs, and philosophy that guided people how to live their lives on earth. Early world religions are characteristically Eastern or traditionalist, in their approach, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. These old world religions have been influential in changing and developing many facets of human civilization, particularly in developing social interaction among people and cultivation of culture that is unique and characteristically derived from the dominant and prevailing religion in a society."
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The Goddess in the Hindu Tradition, 2002.
An exploration of the significance of the Goddess within the Hindu tradition.
4,192 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
A very involved and thorough examination through both primary and secondary textual sources of the figure of the Goddess within Hindu tradition. A history of Hinduism and the development of its deity plurality is outlined, with specific reference to the many and varied female deities. A more detailed history of the development of goddesses is included, outlining the symbolic and mythical purpose of the female figure to the male figure. The Shakti principle is discussed, along with specific Hindu philosophy as found in the numerous Puranas, or Hindu texts. The importance of the female aspect in life as creator is highlighted specifically in regards to the Tantric tradition. The paper's final conclusion outlines the underlying, two-fold way in which the Goddess has gained theological significance within the Hindu tradition.
From the Paper
"Goddesses have been worshipped throughout the world for thousands of years. However unlike most cultures, goddess worship persisted within the Hindu tradition and continued in to modern times using a combination of both traditional and original forms. Today goddesses exist alongside masculine deities as some of the most important figures within the Hindu pantheon. The Hindu tradition itself has not remained unchanged however. What is understood as ?Hinduism? today has been the result of a dynamic and ever-changing tradition which continues to evolve and adapt as time progresses. The nature of this spirituality is therefore such that it almost becomes impossible to identify one religion or one tradition that can be truly identified as ?Hindu.? Similarly, the concept of the goddess figure within this tradition has also changed, her theology evolving to reflect the differing stages of the Hindu tradition. As such, the significance of the goddess today does not reflect an accurate account of her historical place within this tradition. To discover the significance of the goddess today an exploration of the development of Hinduism is necessary, as well as an understanding of the transformation the goddess figure underwent from individuated identity to unified ?goddess? energy. This will thus lay the foundation for an examination of the two prime theological functions to which the goddess became attached for within the Hindu tradition."
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Hindu Pilgrimages, 2002.
A look at the role of pilgrimage in the Hindu faith.
2,517 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The following essay addresses the Hindu pilgrimage and why pilgrimage is an important aspect of Hindu religion. Firstly, the essay focuses on points that support pilgrimage as a fundamental and key aspect of the Hindu community. Secondly, a perspective denying pilgrimages have any significant role for Hindus and their religion is discussed.
From the Paper
"Pilgrimages are also associated with myths where there are many tithes associated with the great events of the mythological tradition. The tirtha is the counterpart of the avatara, the word used to describe the divine descents of the gods. Avatara means, to cross down precisely at those places where the gods have crossed down into this world, where avataras are the tirthas - places where earthly pilgrims are able to make their spiritual crossings. (Eck, D, 1985, PP 67 - 68) .The essay now will focus on the opposite perspective - a discussion that attempts to justify that pilgrimages are not, and should not be of importance to Hindus."
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Hindu Mythology, 2004.
An overview of Hindu mythology.
1,738 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the age-old Hindu mythology. The paper contends that even today Hinduism mythology continues to be an integral part of the ever-changing global culture and remains as important as the Bible or the Koran. The paper examines the universal and cosmic concepts of Hindu mythology, which encompass so many world beliefs, that continue to make this Eastern tradition so vital thousands of years after it first came about.
From the Paper
"Hindu mythology contains many different stories about these major as well as the minor gods. Nearly all stories are based on fundamentally similar concepts and ideas. These include the triads, as noted previously, in addition to 1) Performing a Penance: Humans and demi-gods or asuras are usually in a state of deep penance and meditation to reach the aura of a particular god. In this condition, they are separated from the world and deprived of any pleasures; 2) Granting of a Boon or generosity: In many situations of penance, Lord Brahma, Vishnu or Siva frequently appear and grant a wish of power to the person. The desire may be protection against a specific type of creature or a limited form of immortality. There are many different wishes found in the world of Indian mythology. 3) The curse or Schaap, where either a god or a seer/rishi is angered and puts a curse on a person affected; 4) Relief from Curse: In such situations, there are also some antidotes to the curse that may consist of some specific instance occurring in the future life; 7) Deva-Asura war: Hindu mythological tales are filled with instances of war between the asuras and devataas/angels because asuras are usually forceful and strong-headed and want to conquer the territories occupied by the devadaas (Knapp 53)."
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Hindu Marriage, 2006.
An examination of the Hindu view of marriage as demonstrated through marriage customs and rituals.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Hindu outlook on marriage as reflected in the elaborate traditions and rituals surrounding the marriage ceremony. Hindu marriage is further described as both an important means to foster love for the entire extended family, and as a means of spiritual growth for the couple. The three main parts of the marriage ceremony are described, including the pre-ceremony, the ceremony proper, and the conclusion of the ceremony. The author contends that the elaborateness of the rituals serve as a reminder of the importance of the marriage both to their families and the couples' own spiritual lives for the remainder of their union.
From the Paper
"A Hindu marriage ceremony can be divided into three main parts: the pre-ceremony, the ceremony proper, and the conclusion of the ceremony. The pre-ceremony includes a reception that is held by the bride's parents for the groom and his parents at the entrance of the marriage hall. After this first reception, the bride's father meets the groom on the stage, and gives several presents to the couple. The daughter is then given away by the bride's parents (Hinduism.co.za). Pre-marriage ceremonies can also include Pair Pana (where sweets and gold coins are exchanged), and Milni (where sweets, ornaments and token money are exchanged) (Mypurohith). The bride's feet and palms are decorated with Mahendi before the ceremony (Vivaaha.org)."
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Hindu Mysticism, 2002.
A look at the insides of Hindu mysticism.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This undergraduate paper discusses the concept of sole reality and highest faith in the light of Hindu mysticism. The purpose of mysticism is to find the one highest soul, which all creatures are linked to, and which is common to all religions.
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Mahashivratri Hindu Worship, 2002.
A study of the orthodox Hindu prayer and the special holiday worship of Mahashivratri.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ritual of the Hindu holiday of Mahashivratri, which offer prayers to Lord Shiva. It describes Lord Shiva as representing the cycle of life. The paper explores the spiritual purification process through bathing, dress and special mantras and states that this observation takes place both in the home and in the temple.
From the Paper
"Orthodox Hindus offer prayers and perform ?puja? (worship service) religiously and regularly, both in the temple and at home. Sometime ago, I had the opportunity to observe a typical Hindu worship service at a friend?s home. My friend belongs to a Tamil Brahmin family, which observes all the traditional religious practices, though they have settled in America. Being exposed for the first time to the idea of elaborate worship service conducted at home, I later asked the priest conducting the ?puja? to explain the significance of such a ceremony in the residence, as against attending one at a place of worship."
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Traditional Hindu Art, 2005.
This report explores both the aesthetic and religious significance of traditional Hindu art.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Alsdorf collection of the Art Institute of Chicago, which includes sculpture, jewelry, paintings and architectural elements from India, Nepal, Tibet, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and Java influenced by Hinduism. The author points out the difficulty of generalizing about Hindu influenced art because of the diversity of Hinduism. The paper relates that the region's art has been influenced by gods and goddesses, such as Shiva, Ganesa and Brahma, for thousands of years. Illustrations.
From the Paper
"In other words, the views of Hinduism hold many opposing theories that describe aspects of an eternal truth. For example, one underlying focus is that a desire for liberation from earthly evils is and should be a life ambition. These notions and concepts can be clearly witnessed in the region's art as Hinduism plays a major role in what is and was accepted as precious. The Hindu influence had a strong influence on the regions' architecture and the continuous to be a great part of the regions art. For example, Indian art is often depicted with the subjects of art, whether it is in jewelry, statues or paintings, all having various alterations made to the eyes. "
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A Contrast Between Women in the Hindu and Sikh Religions, 2002.
An analysis of the acceptance of women in prayer and religious aspects of the Hindu and Sikh religions.
3,485 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
The author explains how recent world events have highlighted the plight of women in several given societies with many atrocities still occurring against women in the name of religion. He contends that while some religions embrace the contributions of women, others completely ignore or forbid it. In some religions, women are encouraged to participate fully in the activities of the church, in others; women are not even allowed to enter places of worship. In addition, the social treatment of women differs according to the religion embraced by each particular society. While women are regarded as equals to men within some religious cultures, other cultures view the woman as little more than a slave and piece of property. To depict the realities of the statements made above, two religions and the way each regards and treats women are covered in this paper: Hinduism and Sikhism. Toward this end, the basic tenants and beliefs of each of these religions is provided.
From the Paper
"The Hindu religion has developed over the last four thousand years, and lacks the organizational hierarchy found in many other religions. Unlike Western religions, Hinduism is a mixture of many beliefs and aspects, including that of magic, nature worship, animal veneration, and an unlimited number of deities and idols. In other words, the Hindu?s find religion in almost everything, such as places like the Himalayan where they believe the God?s live. The basic tenants of the religion hold that, ?the multiplicity of gods and goddesses in its pantheon as manifestations of the one divine spirit, Braham? (Smart 70). According to Hindu?s, Braham is the ?ultimate level of reality, a philosophical absolute, serenely blissful, beyond all ethical or metaphysical limitations? (Kussman and Jain, 83). In Hinduism, the basic view of God is one of ?infinite being, infinite consciousness and infinite bliss? (83). Another important aspect of the Hindu religion is that of rituals. In Hinduism, these rituals include such activities as the lighting of incense, bathing, eating, and marriage ceremonies, all of which are meant to show that God is in everything (Smart 71)"
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Death Rituals: The Christian and Hindu, 2005.
A comparison and contrast paper between the white American Christian and the Hindu regarding death.
3,363 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the dominant white American Christians to the Hindus in relation to beliefs of death and death rituals. The paper begins by examining what each faith believes about death and the afterlife in order to give an understanding of why certain death rituals are performed. It then expands on the process of death related rituals of each culture that take place before death, at the moment of death and after death.
From the Paper
"The modern Christian funeral, which has changed dramatically from the funerals of the past, do not necessarily follow any type of order. Again, the funeral is a personal choice of the deceased and the family. These funerals are usually a time to remember the deceased and to comfort and assure the family that the dead has passed into a better place. Prayer and hymns contribute to the benefits of a funeral as well as remembering the dead through the speeches of those close to the person. The one Christian faith that does follow a specific order is the Catholic faith. The order follows three specific rites, two of which are practiced in the church."
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Hindu Belief System, 2006.
Examines aspects of a uniting belief system in Hinduism.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the statement: "Considering that Hinduism lacks a uniting belief system, what makes up the Hindu religion?" It argues that because Hinduism has a looser belief system than other religions, it is sometimes perceived to have no uniting belief system. The paper also looks at cultural and societal influences that have made Hinduism vital to the region in which it originated and Hinduism's desire for liberation from earthly desires.
From the Paper
"Hindu scholars say that Hindu is a guide for life. Each person follows his or her own path. That path will be different for each person, because each person's soul needs to learn different lessons before being reincarnated again (Subramuniyaswami, 2000). While most religions have rules to follow, such as the Ten Commandments or the rules laid down itne Qu'ran, Hindu does not have such rigid rules. In Hindu, each person is supposed to study and pray and develop the wisdom to choose his or her actions wisely (Subramuniyaswami, 2000)."
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Hindu Peace Building, 2005.
This paper explains the dangerous connection between religion and politics in India and examines the Hindutva ideology.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining the dangerous connection between religion and politics in India and the Hindutva movement's use of lower social groups in an anti-minority ideology. The paper discusses educated Hindus, NGOs and how different commissions are at work. The paper describes the new optimism with the Congress electoral victory of 2004, but also describes the more interesting work done by ordinary citizens to draw together diverse citizens, showing the emptiness of the Hindutva ideology and its incorrect view of minorities. The paper stresses Gandhism and Hinduism as forever changing entities.
From the Paper
"In India, nationalism and social reform seem to have gone hand in hand to Independence in 1947 and beyond. Western education, Christian social thinking and political activism shaped much activity before the turn of the 20th century. Members of every community contributed strongly to the Indian nationalist movement, including secular-minded Muslims who opted to stay in a secular India, rather than migrate to the new Muslim state of Pakistan. However, the rise of communalism and Hindu chauvinism in the Republic of India, in the late 1980s and 1990s, created a situation of new divisions."
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Hindu Thought, 2005.
A discussion of the cultural and societal influences on Hinduism.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the cultural and societal influences that have made Hinduism vital to the region in which it originated. The paper focuses on the Hindi desire for liberation from earthly existence.
From the Paper
"Hinduism may lack a uniting belief system that is associated with Christianity, Islam or Judaism. Even so, there are distinctive attributes to Hinduism that are consistent with describing it as a belief system because Hindu thought includes scripture and ritual..."
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