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Guillaume Francois Antoine de L?Hopital, 2005.
This paper discusses mathematician Guillaume Francois Antoine de L'Hopital, born in Paris, France in 1661.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that L'Hopital, who lived during the conception of modern calculus, was taught by Bernoulli; the result of this tuition was L'Hopital's "Analyse des Infiniments Petits", which became the French reference book in the calculus for a century. The author points out that L'Hopital's name is guaranteed to survive in the memories of thousands of mathematicians because of the L'Hopital rule, which is useful when dealing with indeterminate forms. The paper relates that L'Hopital created the template by which all calculus texts would be modeled and measured against for the next three hundred years. Formulas included.
From the Paper
"A natural progression from his two first works on the topic of calculus would have been a serious examination of the integral calculus. Indeed, this was a project that L'Hopital was capable of and actually began to write before his death. However, one of his contemporaries-Leibniz-made it known to L'Hopital that he also endeavored to publish a work covering the same hole in written calculus of the time. Apparently, out of respect to the mathematician who made much of his fame possible, L'Hopital abandoned the project."
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"The Romance of the Rose" by Guillaume De Lorris and Jean De Meun, 1993.
A look at the duality of men's attitudes toward women (worship vs. contempt) in the novel about the Middle Ages.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, £ 28.95
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From the Paper
"This study will analyze the duality of men's attitudes toward women as portrayed by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun in The Romance of the Rose. The study will consider the reasons that men worshipped women while at the same time having contempt for them, and will explore how this duality of attitude and practice helped shape the code of chivalry which men lived by during the Middle Ages.
In the Introduction to the book, we read that the story is told rather straightforwardly: "A Lover wishes to win his Lady (the Rose); her responsiveness (Fair Welcome) encourages him; her sense of modesty (Shame) fends him off; the dominance she exercises upon him (Danger --- a French form of the Latin word dominarium meaning 'domination') blocks his advance. Modern readers, accustomed to similar Freudian abstractions, can hardly..."
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Paul Valery's "Introduction de la Methode de Leonard de Vinci", 2002.
This paper compares a quote taken from Paul Valery's "Introduction de la Methode de Leonard de Vinci" and to Salman Rushdie's "Haroun and the Sea of Stories".
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the specific pieces by Valery and Rushdie and other pertinent supportive material. The paper concludes that Valery was a man of words who often felt that those who used them didn't know their power. The author feels that Valery knew the power of words but often felt the "gift" to write was not empowering.
From the Paper
"His quote, "Beauty is a way of death. The novelty, the intensity, the strangeness, in a word, all the values of shock supplant it", can be likened to the hunter who loves the hunt more than the eventual catch. So it is with words for Valery. It is the process, the thinking, the effort that fascinates him?not the work itself. Perhaps that is because he left the world of literature for the analytical and precise world of science."
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L.L. Bean, Inc., 2004.
This paper discusses the marketing case of the L.L. Bean Company, which operates on three channels, including catalog, Internet, and retail stores.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that L.L. Bean experienced a slight decline in growth because of increasing competition and other market forces, which requires more research about the existing business to decide the proper strategies. The author points out that L.L. Bean's emphasis on customer service sets it apart from some other catalog companies and helps in its marketing. The paper stresses that inventory management is a key issue that must be addressed because goods now are shipped ready for the direct channel and not for the retail channel; therefore, a dual flow system in which the goods are sent ready-for-sale to retail centers would eliminate time and costs for a considerable savings of about $.95 a unit.
Table of Contents
The Problem
L.L. Bean Overview
Background
Retail Clothing Industry - Overview
L.L. Bean's Strategies
Case Situation
Alternatives
Evaluation
Implementation
From the Paper
"L.L. Bean dedicated to the sale of outdoor wear, clothing for hunters, campers, and those who want to commune with the great outdoors. The company is known for is outerwear, sportswear, house wares, footwear, camping and hiking gear, fishing gear, and the Maine hunting shoe that served as the company's first big success. The company sells through retail outlets and has five retail and sixteen factory outlets in the United States, as well as nine additional stores in Japan. The main means of selling, however, is through its more than 200 million catalogs sent out each year. The company also has an online presence in both English and Japanese, bringing the catalog into the computer age for the company founded in 1912."
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L.L. Bean and Land?s End: The Impact of Internet Sales, 2004.
Thesis paper studying the effects internet sales have had on the market of two companies, L.L. Bean and Land's End.
1,868 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
The thesis of this paper contends that internet sales of L.L. Bean and Land's End have impacted their apparel market. The paper attempts to demonstrate this thesis by examining the sales record, corporate image, and customer relationships of both companies since commencing with a web presence.
From the Paper
"In order to determine the degree to which L.L. Bean and Lands? End have been successful in further evolving and establishing their traditional catalog and retail store customer base to the online shopping world, one measure have success may be evidence of customer satisfaction in addition to customer purchases. According to Hill (2002), when attempting to determine the degree to which customers are satisfied with an online shopping experience, the best measure of customer satisfaction is the likelihood that a customer will return to the site to shop again. While some have suggested that customer relationships are best understood by examining a group of attributes, including use of email and other channels to connect with the company, the real indicator of customer satisfaction is the degree to which they will make online purchases from the company on a repeat basis."
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Guillaume Dufay Music from Medieval and Renaissance Music, 2006.
An examination of Guillaume Dufay's music and its origins.
34 words (approx. 0.1 pages), 6942 sources, MLA, £ 12.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at what Guillaume Dufay's music meant in terms of music history. The author starts with a look at the Gregorian chant from Medieval times which was the main form of sacred music, how it developed and what it gave to modern music. The paper continues with a look at the other forms of music that have developed over the years and contributed to the work of Guillaume Dufay. In particular the author highlights the development of church music in the Renaissance period which, as he points out was the basis for Dufay's music compositions. The author discusses the life and works of Dufay's music as a move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure. The author believes that this helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments in music of the following century. In conclusion the author reminds us that we are lucky to have the musical pieces that have been curated and restored. A number of Dufay's as well as other composers from that era had masterpieces destroyed because of the political climate.
Outline:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Gregorian Chant
Motet
Troubadour Influence
The Development of Musical Notation
Polyphony
Machaut
Guillaume Dufay a Biography
Dufay's Music
Dufay and Faux-bourdon
Dufay's Motets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dufay began composing at a time when musical style was in a period of relative stability and changing that style was not readily accepted. Dufay cannot be thought of as one of the great revolutionaries in Western music; the term 'originality' in the classic sense of the word was not familiar to him. This is not to say, however, that Dufay was in any way lacking of originality or he was in any way reactionary. Quite to the contrary, he played an integral role in the development of faux-bourdon and the cyclic mass. He was one of the first composers to handle four-voice texture with any kind of convincing skill before the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, his attempt to move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments of the following century. Dufay's works and compositions have come to be known as the supremely polished works of a long period of slow and serene stylistic change."
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Comparing Michel Foucault and Jean-Francois Lyotard, 2007.
This paper compares the philosophies of Michel Foucault and Jean-Francois Lyotard through two of their works.
2,832 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Michel Foucault and Jean-Francois Lyotard, both early postmodern philosophers, through the use of two of their works, as well as other sources. These works are Foucault's "The Body of the Condemned" and Lyotard's "The Postmodern Condition". In addition to these works, other information about Foucault and Lyotard is used to indicate the similarities and differences between these two works, their philosophies and their beliefs. While the two works are analyzed, the overall philosophies of Foucault and Lyotard are also addressed.
Outline:
Michel Foucault
Jean-Francois Lyotard
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Foucault fits into the general philosophical tradition, but it is the critical tradition, similar to Kant, and most of what Foucault writes about and proclaims is a very critical history where human nature and thought is concerned (Foucault, n.d.). This does not mean that the history of ideas that he discusses is also an analysis of the errors that might be seen when issues are examined after the fact. Instead, it should be taken to mean that Foucault's work is an analysis based on the relationship between object and subject, and what conditions are seen to either form or modify those relationships (Foucault, n.d.)."
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Antoine Watteau and Marc Chagall, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the paintings "The Pleasures of Love" by Antoine Watteau and "The Birthday" by Marc Chagall.
909 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how artists in different eras can address the same general subject and produce very different works, as can be seen by a comparison of two paintings on love, "The Pleasures of Love" by Antoine Watteau and "The Birthday by Marc Chagall". The paper attempts to show how both works, some two centuries apart in time and very far apart in terms of style, give interesting images of love and of the way love separates lovers from the world and places them in a place all their own.
From the Paper
"The Watteau was painted in 1719 and is a colorful scene showing a number of courtly persons on a wooded site, with the central group consisting of four couples, and with other couples seen off to either side. They are grouped before a statue of Venus, with Cupid hanging onto her leg. The work is one of a genre called fetes galantes, or "romantic and idealized scenes [that] depict elaborately costumed ladies and gentlemen at play in fanciful outdoor settings" (Watteau, Jean-Antoine, 2002, para. 1). "
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Antoine Watteau, 2008.
An analysis of the art piece, "Two Studies of the Head and Shoulders of a Little Girl" (Pioch), by Jean-Antoine Watteau, focusing on the medium and the natural materials prevalent in this piece and time period.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In "Two Studies of the Head and Shoulders of a Little Girl" (Pioch), some of the simplistic yet profound art Jean-Antoine Watteau has become renowned for is illustrated. The medium is red, black and white chalks on buff paper, which creates an authentic atmosphere of warmth and even affection. The presence of red is often a profound element in both the background and foreground of Watteau's art and is almost never missing as a rococo element of life and design. This paper discusses the use of chalk as a medium. It also discusses the natural materials used in painting and drawing in the eighteenth century that pervade Watteau's works.
From the Paper
"While this is certainly true, it appears that here Watteau devoted a great deal of detail and imagination to create the lovely expression on this child's face and the almost carefree and innocent positioning of her body and expression from two angles. However, a quick perusal of the artists subsequent works such as Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717; Les Charmes de la vie, The Delights of Life-1718; Gilles, 1718; and Le Faux pas, The Misstep -1719 (Harden), finds that there are no children to be seen, only adults. However, if you look at the faces of the female figures you can see shades of this drawing in their expressions and their attitudes. By using this study of a young face unspoiled by work or drudgery or the anxieties of life, Watteau is able to capture an innocent and natural beauty and place this in the faces and positions of these adult women. This adds to the natural order of play and zest in his work without invoking the baser sensual elements of lust and desire."
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Jean-Antoine Houdon, 2003.
An analysis of the marble bust of Thomas Jefferson by French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the 1789 marble bust of Thomas Jefferson by French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon. It discusses the work as a reflection of the philosophy of the Enlightenment period. The author also explores the artistic attributes of the sculpture.
From the Paper
"Jean-Antoine Houdon was the premiere French sculptor of the Enlightenment period. He was able to incorporate the new ideas of the Enlightenment into his art, thereby reflecting the period and culture of the Enlightenment, a period when reason was seen as the ..."
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Francois Rabelais?s "Gargantua and Pantagruel", 2005.
This paper discusses the comic novel "Gargantua and Pantagruel" written by Francois Rabelais from the period of the French Renaissance.
3,855 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Francois Rabelais uses satire in his book "Gargantua and Pantagruel" to address the disorientation felt by Renaissance Humanists by examining and lampooning the extremes of both Medieval and Renaissance education, thus he also analyzes the characteristics and values of his own humanistic ideals. The author points out that, throughout the book, Rabelais repeatedly refers to Socrates and to Plato's "Republic"; however, Rabelais takes the classical allusions a step further and actually models his Utopian masterpiece on Plato's "Republic". The paper stresses that Rabelais makes a case for moderation and avoiding the extremes of either Medieval scholasticism or Renaissance humanism thereby suggesting that one must find a middle course, which depends upon ones own discretion and abilities. Long quotes.
From the Paper
"Why does Rabelais model Gargantua and Pantagruel on The Republic?In Book III of The Republic, Plato focuses on art, education, and censorship. Plato, in the persona of Socrates, stresses that nurture is critical in molding the character of the individual. The general topic of the section concerns how the auxiliaries are to be educated, and the curriculum breaks down into gymnastics and music. (While incidental and minor, including gymnastics in Gargantua's curriculum is at least curious if not noteworthy.) Plato believes that arts and letters have a profound impact on shaping character and says that therefore they must be strictly regulated. Is Socrates or Plato really advocating censorship? Plato is in fact making a case for personal discernment. He obviously values art as a powerful force and an effective learning tool. Otherwise, why would he use the format to convey his own message? If he is so suspicious of imitation, why does he express his own philosophy in a dramatic form?"
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Francois Boucher and Pablo Picasso, 2005.
A comparative analysis of the paintings "The Toilet of Venus" by Francois Boucher and "Gertrude Stein" by Pablo Picasso.
1,196 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the paintings "The Toilet of Venus" by Francois Boucher and "Gertrude Stein" by Pablo Picasso and how they differ in style and color. It discusses how each painting has a unique style which is intriguing and alluring and how the main difference is the colors used, one is dark and the other is brilliant. It also discusses the history behind the paintings and their similarities.
From the Paper
"Francois Boucher painted The Toilet of Venus. This painting was custom-made for Madame de Pompadour as part of the decoration for her cabinet de toilette at the Chateau de Bellevue, which was one of the residences she shared with King Louis XV. In the painting there are cupids and doves which are attributes of Venus as the goddess of Love. The flowers allude to her role as patroness of gardens and the pearls reflect her mysterious birth from the sea. Francois made the painting during the Rococo Style period. Rococo Style was popular in Western Europe from 1700-1780. The term comes from French, which stands for fanciful rock or shell design, and it exhibits an elegant feeling and style. As a painter of nudes, Boucher had no equal in his generation. "
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Artist Antoine Watteau, 2005.
This paper discusses the Rococo artist, Antoine Watteau, and describes several of his paintings.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Antoine Watteau created a new art style, "fete galante," which had a major influence on the Rococo period. The author points out that the style used in the paintings "The Foursome," "Love in the Italian Theater," and "La Conversation" is classically Rococo; however, the style also is very much dictated by the iconography of the painting. The paper relates that Watteau recognized the changing French culture and created artwork that was a continuation and sophistication of Rubens's style, which drew the viewer into the picture using unique subject matter, such as an aristocrat's elegant party.
From the Paper
"Watteau's painting, "The Foursome," is not only characteristic of Rococo art in general, but the painting also depicts Italian commedia. Mezzetin, Pierrot, and two female comedians are seated and talking in a French Garden. This picture is a classic depiction by Watteau of Italian commedia. In Watteau's paintings of the Italian commedia, Pierrot is transformed once taking the stage from, "a simple, harmless, and not very intelligent peasant to a funny, hungry valet, and often frustrated in love" . However, underlying the humor was a sense of melancholy."
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Nicolas Francois Mansart and Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 2002.
An overview of the architectural achievements and works of Nicolas Francois Mansart and Jules Hardouin-Mansart
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a synopsis of the architectural works of Nicolas Francois Mansart and Jules Hardouin-Mansart. Both excelled in architecture, contributing to the classical style and adding great cultural flavor to French culture. Jules, who learned from his great-uncle Nicolas, represented the culmination of Louis XIV's style.
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