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Guantanamo Bay Prisoners, 2006.
This paper discusses the issue of the rights of Guantanamo Bay prisoners versus national security and the effect on international relationships.
2,090 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that over 500 detainees from countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan have been brought to the U.S. military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba by the U.S. government under the assumption that they are dangerous terrorists and a threat to the United States. The author points out that (1) they were brought to Cuba because it is not U.S. soil thus the military can deny them the rights guaranteed under the United States Constitution, such as due process, independent counsel and a speedy trial, and (2) they do not even have rights under the Geneva Convention since the U.S. has not declared them prisoners of war, instead labeling them "enemy combatants". The paper contends that the fallout from this situation at Guantanamo Bay has been that the world now sees the U.S. as a hypocrite following constitutional rights only when it is in the country's best interests.
Table of Contents
Constitutional Amendments of the United States of America
Introduction
Justice for All
Convenience of the "Enemy Combatants" Label
What's Going on at Guantanamo Bay?
The Abused as Abusers
International Quagmire
Crusade for National Security
The End is Near?
From the Paper
"There are even conflicting reports from the same agency. The Red Cross released a report in 2002 stating that there was no torture going on at Guantanamo and then later did an about-face and condemned the treatment of those same prisoners (Cole). Some prisoners who were released talked about physical and mental torture, being isolated for months at a time, being led around with a dog collar, being attacked by dogs, having to wear women's clothing and of being subjected to the desecration of the Quran in front of them (having pages ripped out and flushed down the toilet). Many of these "tortures" have been confirmed by the US government, namely the FBI (Ardiente), with a shrug and grin, as if they are a practice so common (or relatively innocuous compared to what else they might do) that they are confused as to why anyone would be upset by them."
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Guantanamo Bay Prisoners, 2002.
Criticizes the U.S. government's inhumane treatment of Taliban prisoners in Guantanamo Bay.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial policy of the U.S. government regarding Taliban prisoners kept in the Guantanamo Bay camps without trial. This paper explores the conditions under which the prisoners are kept, their rights under international and U.S. law, the possibility that some of them may be innocent, the U.S. administration?s view point about the issue and what options are being considered for their future.
From the Paper
"These prisoners have not been granted the status of prisoners of war, despite criticism by various governments as well as the Amnesty International (AI). (?the Wire? Amnesty International) The AI believes that prisoners captured during the conflict in Afghanistan should be considered prisoners of war. If there is any dispute about their status, the US authorities must allow a ?competent tribunal? to decide, as required by the Third Geneva Convention. (Ibid.)"
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Human Rights Violations at Guantanamo Bay, 2005.
This paper contends that the continued detention of the Guantanamo Bay prisoners without trial is a violation of international and U.S. law and of their human rights.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since January 2002, hundreds of foreign nationals are being held in prison camps at the Guantanamo Bay U.S. Naval Base without access to any court, legal counsel or family visits because the U.S. government classifies the prisoners as illegal enemy combatants, while refusing to bring them before a "competent tribunal" to determine their status, as required by Article 5 of the Third Geneva Convention. The author points out that list of human rights abuses by the U.S. authorities at the Guantanamo Bay prison camps is long and scandalous starting with their transportation to the makeshift "X-Ray Camp" in January 2002, when prisoners from Afghanistan were shifted in airplanes while being chained and shackled and forced to wear painted goggles and earmuffs so they could not see or hear anything. The paper contends that, if the U.S. administration is interested in restoring its credibility, it should put the Guantanamo prisoners on trial under the due process of law or release them immediately.
Table of Contents
Status of Prisoners Not Revealed
Illegal Position of US Authorities
Human Rights Abuses at Guantanamo Bay
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In November 2001, President Bush signed a Military Order for the setting up of military commissions to try the detainees at Guantanamo Bay; the commissions were given the powers to hand down death sentences against whose decision there was no right of appeal to any court. The first trials under the Commission were scheduled for December 2004 and would have been a mockery of the U.S. Justice System as the commissions lacked independence; the defendants had no right to choose their own counsel for an effective defense; and lower standards of evidence were acceptable to the commissions including evidence extracted under torture or coercion. This order too was ruled as illegal on November 9, 2004 when a U.S. District Court Judge held that the Bush Administration had overstepped its authority to try such prisoners as enemy combatants in a military tribunal while denying them access to the evidence used against them. The U.S. government has appealed against the ruling."
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Guantanamo Bay and the Status of Detainees, 2006.
A review of various news articles reporting the situation of the Guantanamo Bay detainees and a history of the Guantanamo Bay crisis.
5,443 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 20 sources, MLA, £ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the status of the Guantanamo Bay detainees as depicted in various news reports. The paper reports how, according to 'Amnesty International', many of these alleged detainees are in fact, not "enemy combatants" but ordinary people being held "in a legal black hole, many without access to any court, legal counsel or family visits". The paper takes a look at the history of the situation, and events leading up to the crisis in Guantanamo Bay.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Guantanamo Bay
The Issues
Torture and Abuse of Prisoners
Discussion
From the Paper
"Although President Bush has said publicly, "the United States reaffirms its commitment to the worldwide elimination of torture... freedom from torture is an inalienable human right, and we are committed to building a world where human rights are respected and protected by the rule of law," his administration has actually fostered and encouraged it. Harold Koh (2005) suggests that after the 9/11 attack the administration had the opportunity to set up a democratic long-range plan for controlling terrorism. Instead, the administration looked for shortcuts, and torture was one of them, "a substitute for multilateral police work; the uncertainties of intelligence gathering; the expense of guarding ports, reservoirs, and transportation centers; and the financial regulation necessary to cut off the funding of terrorist groups" (p. 7)."
"Koh (2005) testified before the Senate that the torturing at Guantanamo Bay is done with government authorization. Members of the Bush administration developed a torture policy and a legal rationale for torture was created. In his message to the Senate, Koh states: "Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment are both illegal and totally abhorrent to our values and constitutional traditions. No constitutional authority licenses the president to authorize the torture and cruel treatment of prisoners, even when he acts as commander-in-chief"(p. 8). He went on to say that mistreatment of prisoners also violates the Geneva Convention agreement, under which our own troops are protected from similar treatment. "
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POW's in Guantanamo Bay, 2002.
Discusses ethical issues surrounding why America held prisoners-of-war in Guantanamo Bay.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the treatment of POW's held at Guantanamo. It focuses on ethical issues surrounding the situation. It considers the relevance of the Geneva Convention in this situation.
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Abuses at Guantanamo Bay, 2008.
This paper explores the documented mistreatment of Guantanamo Bay detainees.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews several articles on prisoner abuses in Guantanamo Bay. The paper looks at prisoners' conditions, tortures, military trials and legal reviews that the Bush administration contend are in order. The paper concludes that the situation negates the American image as the guardian of democracy, human rights, justice and fairness and moral leadership in the world.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
Analysis and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Guantanamo Bay Naval Station is located in the Oriente Province at the Southeast corner of Cuba. It was installed in January 2002 to hold "enemy combatants" captured in Afghanistan and those suspected of connection with al-Qaeda.
"What has really been happening in Guantanamo? What does it say or reflect about the true crime, justice and violence conditions in the US? It is of utmost interest to any freedom-loving individual in the world to know the answers. The US is the most powerful nation in the world. It has promoted an image as the guardian of democracy, justice and fairness and human rights. The situation in Guantanamo should test that image and moral leadership."
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Guantanamo Bay, 2007.
This paper decries the unlawful and inhumane treatment of detainees in Guantanamo Bay.
1,483 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the Bush Administration has refused to address the root causes of terrorism and has chosen instead to rely upon military force, detaining and abusing prisoners in Guantanamo. The paper asserts that the Bush Administration's actions contradict their claims of spreading freedom and democracy throughout the world. The paper maintains that as long as these actions are not rectified, terrorism will increase and the world will continue to be destabilized.
From the Paper
"The twentieth century was plagued by fascist militarism, brutal dictatorships, global military confrontation, and regional wars, which were triggered by economic injustice, religious intolerance, countless ideological rivalries, and seething ethnic and racial hatreds. These same factors have produced terrorism in the twenty-first century, for we have not left behind the consequences of twentieth century enmities and conflicts. They continue to incite disaffected groups to unleash terrorist attacks such as 9/11, which in turn incited the Bush Administration to take extreme measures in the hope of preventing
future terrorist attacks."
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State Prisons Vs. Private Prisons, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts the state prison and the private prison systems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper is a brief comparison/contrast of state versus private prisons. As should become apparent, there are many problems afflicting the state prison system in the United States of America. That being said, the writer notes there are no guarantees that a private system will be the panacea some have felt it could and can be. In any event, the writer concludes that a conflation of the two might the best answer for America's woes.
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Prisoners and the Arts, 2002.
This is a paper explaining the activities of various groups that bring the arts to prisons in an attempt to uplift prisoner's lives.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the activities of various groups that bring crafts, writing, drama, dance, fine arts, and music to prisons. One of the groups mentioned is ?The Prison Creative Arts Project? from the University of Michigan, which holds exhibitions for prisoners? art, which they even sell. Another is the ?Geese Theatre Company?, a team of specialized theater practitioners, taking drama to prisons and probation services centers. The National Endowment for the Arts? program for juvenile offenders is also brought up. The paper explains how these programs constitute ?art-therapy? and how they benefit prisoners, both in prison and once they are released. It also looks at the school arena, recommending programs like these for the prevention of juvenile offences. The paper includes a glance at the costs of these programs and at the opinions of opponents to the programs.
From the Paper
"Other people have had that question too, and it seems they have done something about it. They organize different groups, and take the arts?crafts, writing, drama, dance, fine arts, and music?to the prisons, hoping to make some sort of difference in the prisoners? lives. One of these groups, the Prison Creative Arts Project, from the University of Michigan, does just that. They hold exhibitions for prisoners? art, which they even sell. The prisoners just love this, because it is a chance to ?prove? themselves, and to let people actually see who they are."
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Crime and the Treatment of Prisoners, 2006.
Counters the myth that violent crime is on the rise and that prisoners are treated like royalty in U.S. prisons.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the misconception held by many Americans that violent crime in the country is steadily increasing and that prisoners are treated like guests in trendy hotels. The paper shows that this cannot be further from the truth and goes on to provide proof of the declining crime rate in the country. The paper also investigates the role of the media in creating myths and misconceptions.
From the Paper
"Another part of the myth centers on separating "criminals" from "law abiding citizens." The two are seen as having a great gulf between them. However, the difference between the two is not so clear cut. Studies have shown that more than 90% of "law-abiding citizens" have done something for which they could have gone to jail (Silver, 1968; Wallerstein & Wyle, 1947 cited in Bohm, 1986). There are probably a few people who have never done anything wrong, but in general, criminality is relative. It would be hard to find a single person who was either all good or all bad. It would not make sense to label a person criminal, for example, who cheats on his income tax, switches license plates from one car to another, gets into a fight, shoplifts, or exceeds the speed limit."
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Reintegration of Former Prisoners, 2005.
A discussion regarding the failure to reintegrate former prisoners into their community and society.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the attempt to reintegrate paroled prisoners back into society, and the issues involved. According to this paper, the failure of reintegration may lie with the prison system itself, as it fails to prepare the prisoner for life outside of the prison walls. The goal of incarceration should be rehabilitation.
From the Paper
"Reintegrating paroled prisoners back into the community is arguably one of the greatest challenges currently facing the criminal justice system. High rates of recidivism lead many to believe that convicts should not be allowed back into the community. Other, less zealous, individuals suggest that perhaps the problem lies in the prison institution itself. If parolees are not prepared to reenter the community, then perhaps the prisons should provide the training and preparation necessary in order for them to become productive members of society. Whether or not the ultimate goal of the prison system is punishment or rehabilitation, the fact remains that the majority of convicts will be released into the community at some point in the future. It is irresponsible not to prepare for this eventuality and provide inmates with the social tools they will need to effectively be reintegrated into the public community."
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Prisoners and HIV, 2004.
An examination of the problem of prisoners contracting AIDS during their incarceration period.
3,651 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of the spreading of HIV and AIDS within prison walls. It states that prisoners are entitled to the same basic Constitutional rights as everyone else, but often don?t receive them. The writer cites claims that unfit sanitary conditions and no access to specific medical treatment are helping to spread this disease and discusses ways that this phenomenon can be reversed.
I. Analyzing the Problem
II. Setting Goals: Zero Tolerance for HIV Transmission
III. Designing an Anti-HIV Program
IV. Developing an Action Plan: Clean Needles and Condoms
V. Monitoring: Guards and Prisoners
VI: Evaluating Outcomes
VII. Implementing Policy
From the Paper
"The treatment of prisoners causes few legal problems for the government of a dictatorship. A government that refuses to acknowledge the human rights of even its law-abiding citizens is not likely to show too many qualms about shoving its criminals into overcrowded and unsafe prisons ? or even to worry about whether the niceties of due process were considered in getting the person to prison to begin with. But the rule of constitutional law changes all that. Because we live in a country in which the rule of law is for the most part respected, the police, the court and prison officials ? and the rest of us as well ? must recognize prisoners are people who have broken the social contract. But still people like the rest of us. It is from this recognition of our common humanity that the belief in rehabilitation and the rights of prisoners to receive educational, vocational and other rehabilitative services arises. And ? perhaps most important of all ? it is from such a base of beliefs that arises the idea that an ordinary prison term should not be a death sentence. However, this last assumption is becoming less and less true as more and more prisoners contract AIDS while they are incarcerated."
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Medical Experimentation on Prisoners, 1991.
This paper discusses the practice of medical experimentation on prisoners: Background, pros & cons, ethical principles, consent, prisoner motivation, drug testing and recommendations.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, £ 68.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will examine medical experimentation on prisoners. Though this experimentation does not often occur in Europe, it is common in the United States, although it is usually not made public. The issues include informed consent behind bars and therapeutic vs. nontherapeutic research. Prisoner experimentation must be halted, or it must be dealt with through uniform laws.
This experimentation dates back to the early 20th century: Prisoners have been used for experiments in the United States since at least 1914, when white male convicts in Mississippi were used for pellagra experiments. Also, during World War II, prisoners trying to be patriotic signed up in droves for experiments, therefore ... "
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DNA and Convicted Prisoners, 2002.
A look at the use of DNA to overturn prisoners who have wrongly been convicted.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper addresses the use of DNA to overturn prisoners who have wrongly been convicted. DNA testing has made exoneration possible for many innocent convicts. It allows the prevalence of a more just legal system. Unfortunately, this expensive testing is made freely available to convicts only in New York and Illinois. In the rest of the states, the prosecutors, the courts and the governors rule whether a prisoner would have DNA testing. Many prisoners resist this test possibly because they are guilty of crime.
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