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Growth and Development Theories, 2006.
A commentary on the discussions and readings on the growth and modernization models of developing countries from World War II through the 1960s.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes various theories of growth and modernization and finds that they share a prognosis that lack of capital is a critical element. The paper gives several reasons for this lack. The paper reviews the history of different growth and modernization models, focusing on Asian economies. It compares the structuralist and substantivist schools' approaches to development and examines the dependency theory in the context of the Philippine economy. The paper concludes with the contemporary evaluation of economic development, the Human Development Index, first released by the United Nations Development Program in 1990, noting that the HDI much better measures the problems of poverty and ignorance.
Table of Contents:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
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Human Development Theories, 2007.
This paper offers an analysis of the various theories regarding human development.
1,559 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the benefits of school counselors being familiar with the developmental theories. The paper explains that reviewing existing theories can help counselors better understand normal growth and development and gain insight into what individuals need to do to reach fulfillment in their lives. The paper highlights some classical ideas from the developmental literature and presents contemporary ideas relating to concerns of individuals in the 21st century. The major developmentalists reviewed are Arnold Gesell, Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg and Erik Erikson. The paper discusses how the classic developmental theories have been both praised and criticized, yet the basic tenets of these theories still provide the basis for many assumptions in counseling.
From the Paper
"Counselors are concerned with how people think, because problem solving, decision-making and other interventions are governed by an individual's thinking. Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory focuses on how individuals think and how the thinking process is unique at different developmental stages. Piaget describes the thinking process of four developmental stages; the Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years of age); Preoperational (2 to 7 years of age); Concrete Operations (7 to 11 years of age); and Formal Operations (11 years to adulthood). Each of these stages is characterized by unique ways of thinking and therefore determines how adults interact with others. The preoperational, concrete and formal stages are important concerns for counselors."
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Growth and Development in Mozambique, 2006.
An examination of the current situation and possibilities for development in Mozambique.
2,243 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the current situation Mozambique and the potential for growth in this developing nation. Several aspect of Mozambique are presented and analyzed. These involve the country's potential for becoming more economically independent. The major issues facing the population are discussed, such as health, education and employment. The author concludes that although Mozambique is still developing there is great potential for an economically independent nation.
Introduction
Economic Environment
Start-Up Costs
Financing Resources
Actions that Might be Taken to Obtain Financing for the Business
Global Information Needs
Global Information Sources
Technology for Managing Information
Staffing
Training and Development
Performance Appraisal
Compensation
Economic and Financial Risks
Social and Cultural Risks
Political and Legal Risks
Risk Management Techniques
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1996, Mozambique has attained self-sufficiency in grains and, presently, cereal and cassava production is more than the national needs. But even now the agricultural productivity is below the African and regional average, and there is considerably great amount of unexploited potential for further growth. (Economic Overview) The capital of the country is at Maputo and the population is nearly 19 million. The life expectancies are very low with the figure being 37.83 years for males and 36.34 years for females. There are very few doctors and only a little over half of the population has access to safe drinking water. (Mozambique: Fact File) "
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Human Development and Education Theory, 2004.
A look at the developmental stages in applied education theory.
1,011 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how behavioral psychologists and developmental theorists have traditionally categorized various periods of childhood and adolescence that correspond to very specific stages of cognitive and emotional development. It shows that while various experts differ widely in their characterization and analysis of the human developmental stages, modern educators recognize the importance of certain elements of behavioral and emotional development as equally important to early education as age-related cognitive stages of purely intellectual growth.
From the Paper
"Traditional primary and secondary education programs are based on teaching methods and concepts designed in the nineteenth century and earlier. While the academic curricula expanded considerably during the course of the last hundred years? of American education, many of the methods still relied upon by modern educators mirror the principles designed primarily just to teach elementary reading and writing skills, which was the main (if not the sole) focus of the early education even well into the twentieth century. Consequently, they are hardly suited to incorporate principles of students? social and emotional well-being, nor do they necessarily promote or inspire independent or creative thinking abilities beyond rote memorization."
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Asian Growth and Development, 2005.
An examination of the phenomenal economic growth experienced by Asian countries.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenal economic growth experienced by Asian countries in the bubble economy, which subsequently sustained a "bust" in 1997, and proposes a model of progress derived from their experience that can be applied to other developing nations.
From the Paper
"The growth and development of Asian countries in the past years, has in some cases resulted in miracle economies where countries experienced exceptional economic growth within a relatively short period of time. These ..."
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Globalization: Economic Growth or Social Development, 2002.
A look at the economic effects of globalization.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines globalization. It acknowledges that economic growth is a consequence of globalization and freer trade. However, it questions the connection between social development and globalization and the changing relationship between transnational corporations (TNC) and national governments.
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Growth and Modernization in Developing Countries, 2006.
This paper examines the methods and strategies used in developing and modernizing poor and underprivileged countries post-WWII and up to the 1960s.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper discusses the basic tools needed for the economic development of poor and underprivileged countries which include: Capital accumulation, industrialization, foreign aid and development planning. This paper focuses on the years after WWII and up to the 1960s and the economic problems facing poor and under-developed countries. After WWII these countries could not rely on international trade. The less developed countries needed substantial capital and resources to start the industrialization process which would result in more jobs and an increase in productivity which in turn would increase the income of the working class citizen. The writer of this paper discusses the methods and strategies that were utilized to increase productivity in various Latin-American countries. This paper also touches on the World Bank's involvement in assisting these same countries while committing to end poverty and social injustice.
Outline:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
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Financial Development and Economic Growth, 2002.
This paper examines the financial development of the Italian economy and measures its effects on its economic growth and compares it to the U.S. financial market.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
The following paper compares the GDP growth rates of Italy and the U.S. measures the level of financial development made by both the markets. Finally it examines whether the economy making higher growth with respect to financial development has made higher economic growth. The reason for choosing the Italian economy for comparison is that it is a lesser developed financial market as compared to the United States.
From the Paper
?There has been a lot of research already done on the issue of identifying a relationship between financial development and economic growth. The questions like does financial development spurs economic growth? To what extent does higher growth induce a reduction in the incidence of poverty? What can financial development contribute in reducing poverty? are continuously part of the economists debate. Generally it is believed that Economic growth is simply the result of refraining from current consumption. Within an economy, there are two general types of commodities. One are the consumption goods and the others are the capital goods. The consumption goods are for the purpose of general consumers use while capital goods are used for production of other commodities. When in an economy there is a lesser consumption of consumption goods by the households, a considerable part of the income is not spent and the result is in the form of positive net savings.?
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Economic Development Strategies of Developing Countries, 2002.
An examination of the economic and political results of the adoption of one of 3 different strategies: Structuralism, Neoliberalism, Marxism.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, £ 39.95
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Abstract
Examines economic & polotical results of adoption of one of 3 different strategies: Structuralism, Neoliberalism, Marxism. Focus on 3 countries: Cuba, Argentina, Chile. Describes the 3 strategy thories & how the 3 countries under consideration used them regarding economic growth & reduction of economic inequalities. Problems & outcomes.
From the Paper
"Since World War II, developing countries in the South have been provided with the option of adopting one of three different economic development strategies: structuralism, neoliberalism, and Marxism. The purpose of this essay is to examine the economic and political results engendered by each approach and to determine what these results suggest for future economic policy choices in the region. Three countries lend themselves to this analysis. Cuba, particularly since the overthrow of the Batista regime and the establishment of Castro's Marxist government, has pursued economic development along Marxist lines (Perez-Lopez, 1997). In Argentina, a structuralist economic order under Juan Peron gave way to a neoliberalist orientation (Smith, 1991). In Chile, a neoliberal experiment between 1974 and 1990 took place and this experiment has led to structural change in the national economy..."
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Social Development.
This paper discusses social development, including the development theory, the cognitive theory, and the moral theory.
3,285 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that social development, consisting of two interconnected characteristics, learning and application, can be defined as a method of systematizing human energies and activities at higher levels to attain superior results. The paper points out that, if parents do not dominate the minds of their children, children will learn from peers, will not become clones of their parents, will reduce their dependence on their parents, and will develop interests different from their parents. The paper relates that Vygotsky's theoretical structure of social development theory states that social relations perform a primary role in the development of cognition.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Role of Parenting in Social Development
Role of Peers
Role of Family
Role of Teachers
Role of Workplaces
Human Growth
Social Development Theory
Cognitive Theory
Moral Theories
From the Paper
"One method of parenting will not work in all situations. But, in majority of the cases, commanding parenting works better than most other parenting styles in bringing about the development of social competence in children at home as well as in the peer group. Elevated levels of nurturance merged with medium levels of control assist adults to become responsible child rearing people for their children and make provisions for children to become mature and capable members of society. With a slight luck, the children of commanding parents should enjoy more than their share of success in their circle of friends."
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Theory X and Theory Y, 2008.
An examination of Theory X and Theory Y discussed by Douglas McGregor and how they compare to the maturity / immaturity theory developed by Chris Argyris.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Theory X and Theory Y that were proposed by Douglas McGregor in his book titled "The Human Side of Enterprise." The paper discusses the assumptions that the theories are based on and how they relate to the way that employees work in an organization. The paper then looks at the maturity / immaturity theory developed by Chris Argyris and how it differs from McGregor's theories.
Table of Contents:
Maturity/Immaturity Theory
From the Paper
"According to the content of the theory, 'the command and control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs as levers of motivation, but in modern society those needs already are satisfied and thus no longer are motivators' (Leslie, 2001). In this regard, it is expected that the employees will develop their discomfort towards the work, and will be reluctant to accept any responsibility, and 'will have no interest in organizational goals, resist change'. This eventually proves the fact that the theory 'is a self-fulfilling prophecy' (Andrew, 2005). As per the content of the theory, work is taken as a medium responsible for the satisfaction of the lower requirements of the employees, whereas the leisure time is the source of satisfaction of higher needs, but 'it is in satisfying their higher needs that employees can be most productive' (Andrew, 2005)."
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World System Theory and Regime Theory, 2005.
An exploration of two systems theories (World System Theory and Regime Theory) within the discipline of global political economy.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with two system theories that attempt to explain how asymmetrical power relations in respect of economics, politics and society from the global organisation of nations and states. It includes a brief history of these system theories, their ontology and epistemology and an analysis of their critiques.
From the Paper
"The idea of a systems approach to political economy originated in the natural sciences; the world is seen as a whole entity and in this respect it is a holistic view, i.e. the properties of a system cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its components alone. This is a departure from previous subjectivist theories that considered the objective sphere an unknown and/or an unknowable concept. "
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Social Structure Theories vs. Social Process Theories, 2002.
Examining the difference in these two sociological theories with reference to juvenile delinquency.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
Social Structure Theories and Social Processes Theories are often used interchangeably. This essay highlights the fundamental differences outlining social structure and social process theories. In order to compare these theories, the paper draws attention to the various theories of juvenile delinquency and the difference of perspective involved and the obtrusive causes outlined by the distinct theories for engagement in criminal acts at a young age. Two different theories are presented attempting to explain juvenile delinquency, presenting various facets of adolescent criminal behavior and the possible causes of such behavior.
From the Paper
"One of the major challenges faced by the law-making authorities of the United States today is the reduction of juvenile delinquency and to increase the effectiveness of lawful regulations in the country. The alarming augmentation in crime rate at adolescent echelon is the most worrisome problem facing America therefore researchers and experts of the related field have developed various theories regarding juvenile delinquency outlining motivations and reasons behind the existence and the frequency of crime at juvenile stage. In order to well-comprehend the perspective of various philosophies related to juvenile delinquency, it is highly essential to know what juvenile delinquency is about."
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Chaos Theory, Complexity Theory and Health Services, 2005.
A discussion on "In Commentary: The Potential of Chaos Theory and Complexity Theory for Health Services Management", by Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow's book which discusses the relevance and potential of the chaos and complexity theories in terms of improving health services management in the United States. It highlights that reevaluating professional knowledge and assumptions in a field as complex as health care can be unsettling, but it can also invigorating.
From the Paper
"In "Commentary: The Potential of Chaos Theory and Complexity Theory for Health Services Management", Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow examine the relevance and potential of these theories in terms of improving health services management in the United States. They emphasize that reevaluating professional knowledge and assumptions in a field as complex as health care can be unsettling, but it can also invigorating. Because of the potential benefits of such an approach, Arndt and Bigelow (2000) argue in their article that applying chaos theory and complexity theory to health services management is worthy of pursuit, despite potential controversy or disputes regarding the validity of this approach. Since America's health care system is plagued by inherent complexity and chaos, applying ..."
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