| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "GREAT LEAP FORWARD": |
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China?s Great Leap Forward of 1958, 2002.
This paper discusses the theoretical and ideological underpinnings of China?s Great Leap Forward of 1958.
2,430 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the significance of the ?Great Leap Forward? of 1958 within the broader perspective of the Chinese revolution. This paper reviews the ideological significance of the Great Leap Forward in terms of both the identification of the goals and aims of those who claimed leadership of the revolution. The author explains the interdependence of ?pure? and ?practical? ideology and the concept of ?thought? and ?theory?.
From the Paper
"Since 1953, the CCP took great care in making the distinction between the universality of theory and the particularity of ?thought?. ?Marxism-Leninism? was considered the guideline for all action; but, although clearly related, ?Marxism? was regarded as the basis for theory and so offered a ?world view? (shijie guan), Schurmann?s ?pure ideology?. ?Leninism? contributed a systematic body of thought concerning the practical application of Marx?s ?universal truths? in relation to social revolution and revolutionary organization, namely practical ideology. This recognition of and stress on duality persists during the period of the Great Leap Forward, although the two components of CCP ideology assume different names."
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China During the "Great Leap Forward", 2008.
An analysis of China during the "Great Leap Forward" as seen through the article, "Advance Payment of Wages Every Month Stimulates the Enthusiasm of Commune Members" by Liu Lien-heng.
1,784 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes an article from Tientsin Jih-pao, written by Liu Lien-heng, entitled "Advance Payment of Wages Every Month Stimulates the Enthusiasm of Commune Members." It shows how this media source serves as an excellent illustration of the ideology and political practices of the Communist Party during the 1950s to 1960s, which was consumed by the campaign known as the "Great Leap Forward". The paper further shows how, through the article, we may understand how life in China at this time was profoundly shaped by ideological campaigns that determined economic policy at all levels of society.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
China and the Great Leap Forward
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This co-existence of the recognition of individualism, in the form of incentives for personal interests, with the overall emphasis upon group production in the media source may, it can be argued, reflect an ideological struggle occurring in the higher reaches of the Communist Party at this time regarding the best means of ensuring the success of agricultural production and economic growth in the China. On the one hand, workers are represented in styles reminiscent of Stalin's Soviet Union of the 1930s in their whole-hearted commitment to the economic design of the Chinese communist state. However, on the other hand, we see how the communal agricultural model that was so important to the ideological foundations of the communist state is being contradicted by a surprising recognition that incentives work. These seem to imply the importance of individualism within the collective economic structures of Chinese rural society at this time."
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The "Great Leap Forward", 2007.
An analysis of how the "Great Leap Forward" within information and communication technology has amounted into a "cultural revolution".
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how in the past five years, the world has seen an emerging "Great Leap Forward" within information and communication technology. The paper examines the significance of this "Great Leap Forward" and observes how these dynamic changes have deeply impacted the cultural revolution of the modern era. The paper shows how these changes have had both a direct and indirect effect on an emerging cultural revolution. The paper explains that greater economic benefits created by ICT have led to a general increase in demands for cultural change to mirror economic improvements. The paper discusses how ICT has empowered individuals to new levels by flattening the lines of communication and changing the cultural understanding of the world as a whole.
From the Paper
"When the terrorists of Al Qaeda planned their attacks on September 11th, they did not use the traditional mix of secret signals and special couriers. Instead they had a far more powerful and cryptic tool at their hands, the internet. Al Qaeda utilized organization and communication tools such as encrypted emails to carry out the most devastating attacks in United States history. That terrorist organizations now are mobile digitally speaks the changing times of information and communication technology. Within the past five years, the world has seen an emerging "Great Leap Forward" within information and communication technology."
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China?s Great Leap Forward, 1958, 2002.
This paper looks at the year 1958 in China when the Communist Party made a fateful decision to take Chinese society to a new level.
3,242 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
The writer looks closely at the events that began in May 1958, when the leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Liu Shao-ch?i, announced a ?Great Leap Forward? (dayuejin) in which China would ?overtake Britain in iron and steel and other major industrial production in fifteen or more years?. The paper traces the disastrous effects of this decision.
From the Paper
"The movement launched as the Great Leap Forward did not have the backing and support of the whole Party, but was initiated and promoted by its chairman, Mao Tse-tung, with the blessings of a largely radical faction within the Party. Because of the opposition he had encountered from his own colleagues within the Party leadership, Mao had spent January of 1958 travelling around China gathering the support instead of provincial party secretaries and cadres. The leading provincial cadres of East China met in Hangchow and, at the end of the month, those of South China met in Nanning. At both conferences Mao gained support for his ?Sixty Points on Working Methods? and was followed in March by a similar demonstration of support for his line at a conference in Chengtu."
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China's Great Leap, 2002.
This paper re-assesses previous opinions of China's Great Leap Forward of 1958.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether the retreat from radicalism undermines the thesis that the Great Leap Forward represents a turning point in the development of Chinese Communist ideology. It looks at the social and economic conditions of China before the event and examines whether the Great Leap forward was as beneficial to the country as previously thought.
From the Paper
"Certainly the countryside was in a mess in the winter of 1958/1959 and reeling from the head-long rush towards communization the preceding summer. In most cases, the chaos grew out of the lack of both tools or proper resources as well as experience and skill. Communal canteens, nurseries and old people?s homes had inadequate accommodation. Responsibility for planning in the whole of agricultural production was vested in the commune leadership quite inept at such levels of management. Although intended as the basic unit of ownership, the communes as a purely economic unit were far too large.
Accountancy was deficient and made worse by what Peng Teh-huai was soon to refer to as ?the habit of exaggeration? (2), in their claims about increases in production targets. ?Production battles? inevitably created considerable disequilibrium in the national economy. This affected many areas of production; from the failure to provide the means of transporting the harvested grain, to the failure to produce sufficient winter clothing, thus curtailing work in the fields during frosty weather. Disorder and misallocation of materials gave many peasants, who had little enthusiasm for the militarization of their working and social life, a concrete opportunity to give vent to their discontent. Peasants began refusing to go to work in military formation and secretly cooked their food at home. They took their children out of the nurseries and cr?ches. Old people left the old people?s homes and returned to their families. Instead of sending the harvested grain to the granaries of the commune, many production brigades distributed it amongst themselves. There were also cases of well-poisoning, and the slaughtering of animals on the pastures at night. Communal stores were ransacked and cadres physically attacked. As such acts of resistance intensified throughout the winter a situation amounting to general, albeit uncoordinated, insurrection developed."
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The Chinese Famine, 2008.
This paper examines the reasons behind the famine of China's "Great Leap Forward".
2,809 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper utilizes Amartya Sen's entitlement approach to famine as an explanation of the famine during China's Great Leap Forward. The paper argues that the primary reasons for this famine were the fundamental problems in central planning policy, together with structural inadequacies of the government system of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s.
Outline:
Introduction
The Great Leap Forward
Famine - The Theoretical Literature
Famine as a Crisis in Central Planning
The Relevance of the Sen Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In order to understand the famine in China in the late 1950s it is first necessary to understand the political, social and economic context that gave rise to the famine in the first place. With the establishment of the People's Republic of China under a Communist government in 1949, centuries-old traditions of agricultural production and economics were been revised at all levels of Chinese society."
"After 1949 China embarked on a series of Five-Year Plans that were designed to reestablish China's industrial capabilities and increase agricultural production. The shaping of these plans led to considerable political disagreement within the leadership of the People's Republic. The architects of the first of these plans - particularly Chen Yun and Zhou Enlai - believed that material incentives would lead to gradual increases in grain and industrial production (Spence 1990, 575). However, such "gradualism" ran contrary to paramount leader Mao Zedong's "heroic" vision of revolution as "continuing struggle" (Spence 1990, 596)."
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Mao Zedong, 2006.
Critical analysis of Chang and Halliday's "Mao: The Unknown Story", emphasizing the Great Leap Forward.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 85.95
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Abstract
Critical analysis of Chang and Halliday's book, "Mao: The Unknown Story", emphasizing the Great Leap Forward. Gives the views of three other authors to determine and evaluate Mao's role in the Great Leap.
From the Paper
"No one can deny that Mao Zedong was of enormous significance in shaping the history of China in the modern era or that he was equally significant an actor on the international ..."
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The Difference Between Good and Great, 2008.
A review of "Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don't" by Jim Collins.
1,104 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Jim Collins' belief that many of our schools, business and other entities are satisfied with being good and are unwilling to push on to greatness. The paper looks at Jim Collins' "Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don't" where he tries to analyze what makes some companies more successful than others. The paper discusses Collins' findings and relates that this book has been praised by business, non-profit and religious leaders alike, but leaves unanswered certain questions.
From the Paper
"For this study, Collins and his team of analysts undertook a five year study in which they determined which Fortune 500 companies have outperformed the market and their industrial sector over such a long period of time that the impact of luck, timing, or a single charismatic leader could largely be factored out as keys to success. Collins and company then analyzed each of these companies to learn what made them continually so successful. Notably, their selection criteria were highly selective: eleven companies of almost 1,500 possible choices met their criteria. (Collins, 2001, pp. 2-16)"
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Leadership within Law Enforcement, 2008.
A review of leadership within law enforcement, focusing on Jim Collins' book entitled "Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don't."
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses leadership as it is found (or perhaps should be found) within law enforcement. The paper focuses on the views of Jim Collins in his book entitled "Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don't." The paper suggests that the business community has much to offer the institution of leadership within law enforcement.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Finding Leaders
Cultivating Leaders
Turnover vs. Churn
Facing Facts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is not accidental that the concept of core mission recurs in the discussion of leadership. If nothing else persists of this paper's discussion of leadership and law enforcement, preserve the idea that leadership in law enforcement must clearly define and disseminate the core values and core mission of their entities and make every effort to ensure that the individuals responsible for realizing that common vision are the best possible candidates, empowered to question authority and effect change and progress and armed with facts. Then they can make what would otherwise be empty slogans into a reality that the community can see in action and rally around. In this way, those remarkable individuals who stand in the intersections of our society can be made powerful and positive agents for the safety and preservation of the communities to which they have been entrusted."
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The Taiwan Straits Crisis of 1958, 2001.
This paper examines the crisis in the Taiwan Straits in 1958 and focuses on U.S support after the incident.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the crisis that occurred in 1958 when Chiang Kai-Shek placed Nationalist Chinese troops on the islands of Quemoy and Matsu in the Taiwan Straits. It focuses on the support of the US and USSR for their respective all.
From the paper:
"In 1958 at the Chinese communist party congress Mao Zedong proposed the implementation of the Great Leap Forward in an attempt to modernize China and disengage from Soviet economic control. At the time, he was voted down. However, Mao was able to get Lin Biao, one of his allies, appointed to the central committee, thus changing the votes on the committee in his favor. Soon Mao was able to begin a ?test phase? of the Great Leap Forward, and even this beginning brought great social and economic upheaval to China."
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Empirical Testing In the Forward Market, 2002.
This paper discusses the empirical evidence on efficiency of forward rates in the foreign exchange market.
5,150 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 12 sources, £ 133.95
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Abstract
There is a strong justification for this ongoing discord. For, policy makers in their various capacities must assess the performance of several alternative international financial systems. The crux of the confusion can be witnessed in the tough debate on fixed vs. flexible exchange rates. Moreover, it is for this reason that most governments have chosen hybrid exchange rates. From this it follows that, because the actions of government policy makers are often anyone's guess, the prediction of forward rates must be an inherently unpredictable issue. This paper moves to look further into the issue and highlight the available research conducted on empirical testing on the forward rate. In the final analysis, it is revealed that in an efficient market, forward rates are not necessarily unbiased predictors of forward rates. (Though it must be noted that, since conditional covariance can vary through time, it follows that the nature of the bias in the forward rate can also be time varying.) The paper will begin with a brief look at the capricious character of the foreign exchange market.
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Minoan Bull-Leaping, 2007.
An analysis of Minoan bull-leaping as an act of human sacrifice.
1,711 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that bull-leaping was not an intentional act of human sacrifice, but rather a highly prestigious, overtly religious ritual undertaken by the Minoan elite. It describes bull-leaping as depicted in archaeological evidence, explores to what extent the practice could have resembled the artistic depictions of the act and analyses the danger and possibility of performing such a feat. The paper also considers the controversial evidence of "human sacrifice" at the Anemospilia temple; looks at the other violent sports practiced by the Minoans; emphasises the religious significance of bull-leaping and discusses the necessary skill of the bull-leapers themselves.
From the Paper
"That the Minoans practised human sacrifice was a possibility introduced following the grisly findings at the Anemospilia temple. Inside the temple ruins was, as Castleden1 (1990, 168-73) describes, the remains of a young man, with his legs tightly folded up, upon what appears to have been a sacrificial table. A long bronze blade was found beside him. The excavators, Y. Sakellarakis and E. Sapouna-Sakellaraki, proposed that the youth was sacrificed in order to avert the impending earthquake which destroyed the temple. Castleden not only maintains that human sacrifice was performed in this instance, he insists that it would have been an integral religious practise - enacted on many more occasions. He pushes the concept of the Minoans hidden 'shadow side' - mentioning several other examples."
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The Forward Motion, 2002.
Examines how the female protagonist in "Antigone" and Edna of "The Awakening" use their female power to move forward through life's difficult situations.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
Both "Antigone" and "The Awakening" approach the concept of femininity in literature from different angles but are strikingly on the same accessible subject matter. Though written millennia apart, it is unavoidable in any analysis to see that each work is an assertion of the female power upon a given situation in life. It is the purpose of this paper to examine how each functions within their relative stories in this manner and how each moves forward throughout the story.
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"Modernizing Government: The Way Forward", 2008.
A review of the book "Modernizing Government: The Way Forward". by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
2,663 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the book "Modernizing Government: The Way Forward" has been able to provide a clear picture of the context of public sector modernization among OECD countries as it focuses on six key public sector reform levers--open government, enhancing public sector performance, modernizing accountability and control, reallocation and restructuring, use of market-type mechanism, and modernizing public employment. The paper looks at what capacities "modern governments" have to adopt to make them more responsive, transparent, and efficient. The paper then explains that the book essentially weaves a great deal of underlying theories on the dynamics of
public administration and governance, and integrating the same with emerging trends in practice among OECD countries. The paper also points out that although the book seems necessarily limited in scope as it arbitrarily focuses on the identified policy levers while leaving out other equally relevant dimensions of change, it is considerably successful, however, in providing a sound discussion of the underlying roles and interaction of governance and public administration within a whole-of-government perspective, and the changing modes by which governments manage the public sector in relation to new and emerging public assumptions and expectations of governments.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Overview and Structure of the Book
Discussion and Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The two-year review aimed to provide a contextual
understanding of important developments in public governance and the impact of reform initiatives among OECD countries with the objective of helping out equip for the future those involved in public governance policy. The book identifies levers for reform to modernize the public sector, and also presents an overview of public sector modernization over the last two decades.
"It begins its discussion by noting that over the past 20 years, significant
influx of new ideas and initiatives in the field of public management has transpired in OECD member countries. It stresses that the impetus for change came from the social economic and technological developments in the latter half of the 2oth century. It argues that while in some governments, fiscal stresses have sparked off the reforms; the underlying pressure for change came from the fact that governments have become out of step with the new and changing expectations of the societies that they serve."
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